>> they would be released on bail for the second, third, fourth and fifth and tried another year later and given probation again too often. this was driving the crime rate. we achieved a lot. that's why i was willing to support with and support senator durbin committed to reduce the mandatory census. i think we can be smarter about it. i don't have any doubt we can be smarter about it. it would be naïve and a big air if we were to think we can just walk away from incarcerating dangerous people. you were worried for your guards. a lot of the people are just dangerous and we've just got to be real careful about that. i think we need to watch the cost. the federal prison system can't be the greatest system, most expensive in the whole world, which is. we just can't. we've got to watch, look for ways to reduce costs. and we've got to be cautious about adopting the belief that there's been some new recidivism program that's going to solve the recidivism rate. if we can reduce it even a little bit, i'm willing to support a good program. but a lot of the brookings just never produce the results we want them to have. recidivism rate today is a lot different than it was in 1980, i don't think. and so we are spending a lot more on it, trying to make it better. we haven't had a very successful achievement there. and finally you and i have talked about prison industries. there's no doubt in my mind that people who work in prison prefer it. prisoners who have worked programs are safer, aren't they, mr. samuels? >> yes. >> the data shows that clearly. and they probably have a little better recidivism rate, i don't know. >> they do. >> we have to have a breakthrough. more people in prison need to be working. there have been attempts, some of them not very smart, to help prisoners work but i wouldn't believe all of us need to look for a way to have more productive work in prisons. thank you, mr. chairman. >> thank you, senator sessions. senator klobuchar. >> thanks very much, mr. chairman. appreciate the comment about smart sensing. i know how we to keep dangers of fencers -- my state has one of the lowest incarceration rates in the country. we also have one of the lowest crime rates. part of that is triaging these cases in making sure there is some response to low-level offenses escalating responses. but the length of it can be a matter of dispute. i think that's part of what we're talking about here. i came through this looking at our state which sometimes people joke would not just the latter 2000 lakes, where the land of 10,000 treatment centers. but our focus on going after addiction and some of these things i think has made a difference in handling of these cases, and in particular drug court in drug cases make up about a third of our caseload in the hennepin county attorney's office which has over a population over a million people. minneapolis, 45 suburbs, 40 employs. we really focus on drug courts. i make changes when i got in there. i think senator sessions would like some of them. some of them are violent cases because i didn't think they belong to there. there. i think it strengthened the drug court and use of the drug court. you know the stats, director, three out of every four people graduate from these programs are not arrested again. 75% success rate compared to 30% in the traditional system. saving taxpayers an average of $6000 per person. and asked attorney general holder at our last doj oversight hearing about expanding the use of drug course at the federal level. so that's what i want to start with, with you. how you see this good work and how we could more effectively lower costs, better rehabilitate offenders and can also reduce our crime rates like we've seen in our state. >> thank you, senator. i do agree that drug treatment program, we see a lot of benefits from the behavior that we are put to witness with the programs. we have the residential drug abuse row graham as was the nonresidential and we also offer drug education in all of our institutions. as far as a policy issue relative to drug courts, i am not the expert for those types of discussions. and i doesn't know that within the department there are many individuals who are more appropriate to have those discussions on policy issues for the department that could eventually benefit any reductions with our population on the front and as well as the backend. >> you do see it as a way now with the exit of the drug course of reducing some of the numbers in the prison? >> i believe the evidence shows that that's very possible. >> you mentioned the residential drug abuse program and how that's proven effective in reducing recidivism and decreasing institutional misconduct. how many inmates are enrolled in the program? what kind of return on investment do we get? >> for inmates to participate in the residential drug abuse program, for every dollar we invest, there's a $2.69 savings. the total number of individuals with participating in residential drug abuse program of treatment right now is 16,000 inmates. we would like to see that number increase which we, again as i stated, noted it's very productive. for our overall plan to increase the number, of the programs we can have something of the maximum number of inmates participate. >> let's hear your view on inmates good time credit for participating in the intensive recidivism reduction program, or increasing the number of opportunities for inmates to earn these credits through educational or vocational programs. >> the department as well as the administration have continued to support these legislative proposals. i definitely concur and believe that they are important. when you look at the additional seven days of the conduct on that can be added to an inmates credit for time off the sentence because right now they are receiving 47 days, it is very beneficial to the safety and security of the facility. it's not winning it would be rewarded something for not having good behavior. and it helps us. for the inmates, we believe we can ultimately get a large number of inmates to participate in evidence-based programs to receive up to 60 days off of their term by participating in more than 180 days within a calendar year the programs that you mentioned. we believe it's beneficial and it desolate ultimately helps with public safety. the majority of the inmates are going to be released and being exposed to the programs only enhance. >> one last question. in your testimony you acknowledge the tragic death of two federal bureau prison employees. i know all of us extend our sympathy to their families. what do you think can be done to improve safety for prison staff while on or off duty? >> what we need to do to improve safety of our staff is, it comes down to a resource issue. we are doing more with less. the staff are very proud to take on this because this is why they've elected to serve their country by working in corrections. but when you're dealing with large numbers on any given day throughout this country, we have one officer working in our housing units providing oversight for 150 plus inmates. we have recreational staff are doing their best to show the inmates are actively involved with recreational activities, and you can have in excess of five an inmates being supervised by one person. so we are doing everything we can to put the resource aware they need to be, but you can only imagine if there's any type of disturbance within the institutions and you only have a small number of staff to respond, the staff are putting their lives on the line every single day. and this is why the programs are very important and we believe it's up to us to do what we can with limited resources and the capacity that we have to maximize the situation to put us in the best possible situation to effectively manage our prisons. >> thank you very much. >> thank you, mr. chairman. and thank you, mr. same as, for joining us today but as i've expressed many times on previous occasions, in my view the federal government has been for decades in acting and socially enforcing far too much substantive criminal law. as a result of that, our federal prison system is overcrowded and it's extremely costly. as we've heard today, the bureau of prisons consent decree significant share of the overall budget of u.s. department of justice. using resources that might otherwise be used more effectively in other areas to enhance the public safety in the united states. although long mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenses don't tell the whole story of the increasing overcrowded federal prison population, i think they do share a very significant part of the problem of overcrowding. i think we have to look very closely at our current scheme of mandatory minimum sentences as a result. and i think we have to do that to see whether incremental changes can safely and effectively be made to these sentences to reduce the federal prison population and to reduce costs, while at the same time preserving, if not enhancing, public safety in america. the legislation that i've cosponsored with senator durbin, the smarter sentencing act, s. 1410, we decrease mandatory minimum sentences for certain categories, drug offenders. so my first question for you, mr. samuels, is whether this type of legislation should succeed as it's widely expected to do if it were passed in helping to decrease the federal prison population over the next few years or over the decade or so following its enactment. what would that do for you? what would that do for the bureau of prisons as far as making it easier for you to do your job if we succeeded in reducing the overcrowding problem? >> thank you, senator lee. i would start by saying that i agree that reform needs to take place. the specifics of the various bills that are being considered is something that, again, needs to be considered by the appropriate individuals within the department relative to policy issues. to your question what would it do to help the bureau of prisons, any reduction within our population that ensures that there's no threat to public safety obviously helps us effectively run our institution. and we are not dealing with the competitive issues within the population when you're trying to do as much as you can to stretch resources within the environment. because the increase within the population which research shows that when you continue to add more and more inmates, the propensity for violence increases and it puts our staff and inmates to include the surrounding communities where our institutions are located at risk. >> two of their biggest concern i would have to imagine would be one, prison safety, safety within the prison, safety of the prisoners themselves and other personnel. and also, the effectiveness of your programs to minimize recidivism. i would imagine that reducing the overcrowding problem within have a positive effect on your ability to manage both of those concerns. >> yes, sir. what programs do you have in place currently to ensure that those released from prison, including those who might be released earlier than they would otherwise be as result of changes like these, what programs do you have in place to make sure that they don't present a threat to public safety once they are released to? >> as i mentioned earlier, we have numerous cognitive behavioral therapy programs that we have modeled after rdt because of the research showing that these that's a programs are very effective. we are constantly encouraging inmates to participate in these programs and where every successful on many occasions in doing so. but i would share with the subcommittee here to date that we really need to have some type of incentive to get more inmates involved in these programs, this is why i continue to support and i believe that the sentencing credits that could be provided similar to what we have with rdat, any of the individuals know that when you participate in trying to them they can get up to a year offer since. but at the same time they are being exposed to the program and they receive the benefit which ultimately helps them with the transition from prison back into the community. and if we can have an incentive to entice the other inmates within the population who did not have a substance use disorder and it increases the number of inmates who can be exposed which over a period of time when the majority of individuals are going to be released, this will help the public safety. >> okay, thank you. >> thank you, mr. chairman. you mentioned that the average cost to incarcerate a person in our system is about $29,000. is there a difference in average costs in a women's prison facility? >> for the female facilities, it depends on the number, the mission, but typically the average is going to be the same. >> typically. >> yes. >> to the women in these facilities have the same access to the kinds of programs that are available to men and the mail facility? >> yes. >> there is a growing number of women in our prison population. you cited some data in your testimony. does your data reflect defenses and recidivism for men and women, and also do have evidence-based programs that work better for men versus women in terms of success and re- integrating into society? i think you talked about one program, specifically for women resolve but then you share with me if you do that kind of data collection that distinguishes men and women and how they are treated and what's successful? >> for the programs that we operate, we are following typically one model throughout the bureau. now, we have not collected any specific data to establish between female inmates versus male inmates to identify whether one particular program doesn't work better based on male or female. >> why is that? >> why is that? >> why do you not have that kind of data? do you think the are no differences, or you just haven't done it? >> i wouldn't -- i would say for this discussion that there are no differences, but we don't have specific programs specifically targeted for the female inmate population, which this would be consistent with all corrections, not just within the federal system. i would definitely take your question back to have discussions internally with the bureau to include with my colleagues if there is something that's bee being done or if youe unaware of something specifically for the female inmate population, relative to the cbt programs that we provide. >> my understanding is that as a general proposition, women are in prison for drug crimes and not violent crimes. so that's a very different profile than a dangerous felon in our prison system. so i would ask that you take into consideration those kind of factors as well as i think that there may be some programs that will be better enable women to reintegrate when they are released than would work for men. and i believe that there are some states to recognize those kinds of factors and planned their programs in a way that reflects that kind of understanding. i think it's very important. because as more and more women attend to still be the caregivers to their families are incarcerated, that has a lot of ramifications to their families, their children, we entry, all of that. >> senator, i have recently put together a wharton's advisor group specifically for the funeral inmate population to look at what we've done historically and to focus on the types of concerns that you are raising. to make sure that if there any best practices, any we should consider that we are moving and it's our vision to ensure there's a balance on both sides. so the female inmates within our care are receiving appropriate attention and care relative to the issues that you've raised. >> because my impression is generally that there have been fewer programs for women and our prison system, both in the state level and federal level. and i understand that your responsibility is on the federal side. thank you very much. >> thank you, senator. thank you very much, director samuels to we appreciate you being here today. we appreciate the support for our joint legislative executive efforts going forward, the bureau of prisons is going to continue to show, we will opposite continue to call on you for information and on your staff or expertise. and we look forward to that relationship as we proceed. you are excused on the committee. we thank you for your testimony, and i'll call up the second panel. i i welcome our panel. matt delisi is from iowa. the ranking member represents iowa, and the ranking member hae asked that the professor testify first is a chance to hear his r constituents testimony before just returned to his work within the finance committee.order a so without objection will go oua of usual order and begin with professor delisi believers ask all the witnesses to please stand and be swornpl.- [witnesses were sworn in] thanyou. >> thank you, and please be seated. professor delisi is a professor and coordinate of criminal c justice studies with the centera for the study of violence at iowa state university. is the editor in chief of the juice justice and the author of nearld two and 50 scholarly articles ia and received a follow-up or froo academy of cruel justice sciences and as a member of thed american association for the advancement of science and association for psychological science and would like to make any further recognition of professor delisi?>> you he saidi >> i gt uess you said all but io say welcome. >> very well.we'll go professor delisi, please proceee and then will go to director wetzel and down the line spent >> tha thank you very much for thisnk opportunity. also reducing the cost of -- tha policy recommendations significant neglect the anti-a sociology of criminal offenders and the likely recidivism that would result from large scale at release of inmates. the majority of this has been tested the behavior risk noted by the federal prisoner with quantitative estimates of additional crime that could result from the policy recommendations. the report promulgates the notion that drug offenders are somewhat innocuous and that their antisocial beaveir isfa, c limited to drug sales l cri introduced. in fact,e criminal offenders an all criminal offenders tend to be very versatile in theirdrug behaviors, thus a person sense for drug crimes is also likely to property crimes, violent as crimes, nuisance crimes, traffic violations and a sort of is violations ofc the criminal justice system. as any discussion of drugnders u offenders should also beldkelto understood that the next week are likely to be property offenders and potentially violent offenders. usig e reover, vrecent research usis a variety of samples havedriver indicated that drug use is one a of the prime drivers of overallc criminal activity. in med analytical research indicates the drug offenders ther beyond drug offenses. regarding the safety current law permit judges to waive mandatory minimum sincing with little to no criminal history is. childhood to adolescence to adulthood. as the director indicate in the panel one, 25% of the inmates are gang members. gang moip is -- membership is confinement and resit vifm. in this way prison is an important interruption of the criminal career. unfortunately the preponderance of offenders continue to commitment offenses. releasing them could likely produce more crime. research has shown a one prisoner reduction in the prison population is associated with a 15 part one index crime increase per year. to put this in perspective releasing 1% of the current population would result in approximately 32850 additional crimes. an independent study by other researchers arrive at the estimate that one prisoner reduction increases crime by 17 offenses per year. releasing 1% of the population result in 32 23* ,000 additional ovens. the safety of one recommendation in the based on these prior estimate produce a range of 30,000 to 34,000 new index crimes per year. in term of safety recommendation two, the appropriate recommendation a creation to apply to -- quoting the report. beyond drug offenders with minimal to more extensive. some weapon offenders, sexual abuse oaivet offenders, and identity theft offenders. regarding the expanded program estimate using the same data the proposal to potentially release 36,000 inmates over the next ten years produce an estimated 540,000 to 620,000 new index crimes. the recommendation two to release 12,000 offenders in one year produce 180,000 to 204,000 index crimes. and the proposal number three to transfer 34,000 inmate to home confinement could potentially over the next ten years increase crime by 510,000. to wrap it up. the report contains no mention of the various antisocial conditions relating to criminal propensity of criminal of federal offenders. for instance, prevalence of correctional population is about 25 fold higher than the general population. another important construct is sexual satism. even after decades of confinement. offenders who sexually is a sadistic. who was sentenced to death in 2003 after serving prkly a quarter century for prior criminal '06s. >> trying to keep our testimony to five minutes per witness. if you can sum up. >> a final point. i have some question in the testimony later. >> the testimony will be in the record. >> chairman leahy indicated it's one that congress created. i would add that the corollary benefit of that legislation was the reduction of crime by the increase use of confinement. >> thank you very much, professor. let me introduce -- but the no men nomenclature is different. he began his corrections career in 1989 as an officer at pennsylvania's correctional facility. he served as a correctal officer, treatment counselor, training academy director and warden of the franklin county jail. he's a member of the american correctional association and the american jail association and past president of the pennsylvania connecticut correction association. had nice things to say. and said hello in the beginning. thank you for talk about pennsylvania and the experience we've had in addressing some of the same problem you face in the federal system. specifically when governor tom corp. bet was elected. hef the attorney general. and before that he was federal prosecutor. so he has a very unique perspective. he's had really a firsthand view of the correction system. what he saw over the 24 years before we took over was an average growth of 1500 inmates a month. when we took over nearly three years ago. republican and democratic administration. and the one charge he gave me when we took over is department of corrections was not to willie nilly reduce population. not to reduce spending. both of those things were a priority. the main priority to improve outcome. and really improve our corrections system. and take the perspective that we need get a better return on our investment for what we're spending in corrections. and how do we do that? the first thing question, we aare applied for and received a grant to go through the justice reinventive process. and partner with the counsel of state government and went through a process that specifically was data-driven. and the governor was a hard sell. and takes a perspective of many on the panel in that very concerned. the bottom line for us is going to be crime rate and public safety. and the process had to be data driven. we gathered data through the process. the most important part of the process is it was a process that was participate story and had all members and stakeholders as part of the grab that looked at the policy options. we gathered the data and looked at what the population drivers were and identified policy options looking nationally and internationally at policy options that seem to work for other jurisdictions. then we build consensus. it's a key part of this process. where we had, you know, the aclu and the conservative think tank sitting there having a discussion and coming to agreement on how we can get better outcomes. some of the focus needs to be on what the root cause of the crime is. it's very easy in the field to paint with broad brushes and say we don't want to open the back door and let a bunch of people run out. it's going have a negative effect on public safety. we agree on that. what we also agree with is what we want out of the criminal justice system when someone becomes criminally involved. when they come out the back end of our system what we want them to be is less likely to be criminally involved again. we can all agree with that. and the reality there's enough research that tells us when we made good decisions from the front end of the system as far as who needs to be incarcerated, who we can deal with in other than manner. what the root cause of the crime is. violent offenders, murders and rapist are different. we can't paint -- so it doesn't matter how long we lock an addict up. if we don't address the addiction. we took the approach, we got consensus on policy options that were legislative and in six month from the first meeting meeting in until the legislation was passed. it passed unanimously in the house and senate and pretty miraculous itself in pennsylvania. we came up with policy options. what the policy options resulted in. urn our two and a half years, we've averaged a he decline of 70 inmates a year out of 51,000. not a huge decline. we look at funding risk base sentencing. the sentencing commission in pennsylvania is building a sentencing tool so a judge has risk information. not just a presentence investigation but risk. what is the risk of future offenders. it factor to the sentencing. we look within the department of crebs at areas we weren't doing good. so waiting list for programs. how can we better deliver program. part is making sure we put people in programs who need it. making sure we are assessing. and the back end we put a lot of focus on. the community correction system we spent $110 million. we saw 95 percent were not effective. we restructured the program and look who we put in and more importantly decided to put a performance measure on the contracts. so the contractors paid based on the ability -- it was a good process and at the same time our crime rate went down. the crime rate in pennsylvania continues to go down. thank you. >> what a terrific story. thank you very much. our next representative is representative john tilly. he's the chair of the house judiciary committee where he's been the chair of 2009. he worked with state leaders to form a bipartisan, multibranch task force with the goal of enhancing public safety, controlling construction cost, and decreasing resit vifm. he's currently the vice chair of the national conference of state legislature committee on justice and the judiciary. he was a prosecutor prior to joining the legislature, serving for nearly six years as assistant countytorian. -- attorney. we are delighted he's here today . >> thank you. we have a similar story to pennsylvania. i can say with confidence as well as a former prosecute memberrers we can have it all in one sense. we can have better public safety at less cost with less crime and less resit criticism we have done that if kentucky. it's an honor to tell you. it was no honor when the charitable trust when the public safety -- made us the poster child for prison growth in 2008. i think it should be to all of us. in kentucky for the decade ending in 2010 our prison growth rate was almost quadruple the national average. we were at 45%. we comprise to 4.5%. but we house about 25% of the world's prisoner. kentucky was truly the epicenter for prison growth. it begs the question. all of that translated all the record spending and ib -- incarceration to translates to better safety. all the pending in the previous 20 years amounted to very little. our crime rate had been relatively flat. most, as you've heard. it's been dropping for some time. we only enjoyed about a third of the national crime rate crop. we were 6% over the previous decade. the rest of the country was about 19%. we remind flat. our sister state to the south of us, tennessee, we share the most border. their crime rate we are one of the safer states in the country. they now remain one of the more high crime states maybe number one and the prison growth is exploding. we formed a multibranch bipartisan task force. a small task force with seven members. our prison growth rate was being driven not by crime but the number of arrests and court cases by drug offenses by rising incarceration rates for technical parole violaters, and low level offenders were driving the population. they were far more likely to go to prison than any other state. we found to be 57% to 41% number. they are far more likely to go to prison. i mind you again a bipartisan way, mr. chairman, it passed 96-1 in the house. and 38-0 in the senate. the goal better public safety, less cost. getting smarter on crime. i don't have a lot of time to tell you. generally let me tell you -- i know i want to stick to my time. focus our most extensive beds on the prison offenders. find alternative for the low-risk, non-violate drug offenders. we've done that. we have strengthen probation and parole with pretail trial. we have seen asounding -- we are seeing less offenses committed on release. that's increased the public safety rate. we see them show up to court. we have modernized our drug code which has been a a focus from a number. we deserved prosecution which is a possibility which must be prosecutor approved for low-level drug offenses. these are prosecutor-driven things. i will sell you that not one felony has been reclassified to a misdemeanor in our negotiation in trying to come up with a common sense way to approach it. we reinvest the savings and increase drug treatment. i'll get to how much more in a minute. i'll tell you in my last few second let me tell you we achieved remarkable results. we have -- one benchmark a few months ago we were at 3500 less out of a total of roughly now around 20,000 hoovering. just adds the secretary sate we are well below the average. 3500 fewer. we have less resit vifm in a decade. we are cropped 5 percentage points. we have a 500% increase in drug abuse capacity drug treatment capacity available. i look forward to your questions. >> it's a remarkable success story. our next within is the director of justice policy center at the urban institute. doctor, welcome. >> thank you, mr. chairman. it's a pleasure to be here. i represent the urban institute. we have a non-profit, nonpartisan research organization. we do not engage in advocacy. rather our admission is to bring facts and data and a value research to bear on pressing topics like the one we're here to discuss today. it's in the spirit about a year ago we set out to chronicle the driver of the federal prison population and the growth overtime. and to project the impact of various policy that were on the table to reverse that growth. much in the way we heard in the models of the states in pennsylvania and kentucky. similar justice reinventive model of identifying drivers of growth. we also look at the degree of overcrowding. member of the committee have already documented that. the overcrowding is tremendous. it's at great risk to the safety of both staff and inmates. but importantly from where we sit and the research we have done looking at the impact of programs designed to prevent resit vifm the crowding in the federal system creates tremendous challenge for delivering programs and treatment that is so necessary too support successful reintegration for federal offenders when they exit prison. what we know from our own research and research that we've conducted through the development, which is a systemic review of only the most rigorous research out there on various type of prisoner reentry programs. there are many programs that work across a whole host of type of reentry intervention from sexual abuse treatment to employment, education programs, vocational programs. mental health treatment, -- we have identified one if not several programs that rigorous research said works. indeed even within the federal bureau of prison, the program has been research found to be effective as had prison industries. there's a lot of opportunities to provide programming and help support public safety those are limited as well as limited resources with which to dedicate to offer program. there are many solutions on the table. they were not developed by the urban institute. they were developed by various congressional staffers and partnership with the members and include legislative proposal that are sponsored by member of the committee. what we have set out to do was analyze how these different proposals would yield impact on both the prison population own on costs. when we look at property jexes, we were very scoaft in our estimate. we are conservative in two ways. fiscally conservative. we choose to use the marginal cost of prison rather than the average cost. i can explain more about the porn of that later. we thought it was best to be conservative. some of the our estimates are lower than others who are trying to project the impact of these various policies. similarly an importantly our estimates for conservative regard to how with proceed them being enacted on the ground. and we firmly believe that judges and the bop will exercise extreme caution in who benefits from the program. most of them look at risk level. something critical in the work states have done risk assessment are important in determining who needs to be in prison and who could be subject to early release policies. for that, also our e mates may be lower in term of the potential cost savings than might be hearing from other people. at any rate, you know from our report we have -- a host of different type of policy changes. we know that reducing mandatory minimum and giving judges discretion to deviate could save millions of dollars. in the entrance of public safety. we heard example from the state not just the represented here. we know of others, texas, north carolina, new york that have engaged in sweeping reforms and have averted growth or reduced the population without any detrimental impact to the crime rate. i think dc a moment of tremendous opportunity. i thank you for your leadership on it. >> we certainly hope it's a moment of tremendous opportunity. i want to thank the urban institute for the effort and professionalism they brought to the report. we'll conclude with the doctor mearng partner and cofounder in richmond, virginia. he previously served as assistant attorney general for the office of justice programs in the u.s. department of justice where he oversaw activities relating to initiative -- prior to the justice department service he taught 30 years at the university of massachusetts and welcomed here today. please proceed. >> thank you. in the draft report stemming the tried strategy to reduce the growth that cut the cost of federal prison system. and it observes this growth come at -- i agree more with the report. we need consider in order make good decision and as a result may offer cost shifting and that true cost savings. the more comprehensive view of the problem we face would cast the issue differently. we need to reduce not the cost of incarceration or indeed the criminal justice system. but rather the total associate cost of crime including not only expenditure on public safety but the cost of victimization, tangible and intangible to the public. as we seek to do this, the allocation of funds among component of the criminal just i system could be guided by the demonstrated effectivenesses in reducing crime. not the absolute or relative size compared to other component of the criminal justice system. just how large and costly is the prison population? according to the bureau of u.s. bureau -- the rate in 2011 was comparable to 2005. which was 492 persons. given that population, and a recent institute calculated average inmate average per inmate cost of incarceration at 31286 we could e mate the total cost nationwide in 2011 is 50.2 billion. surely a large sum. in order to understand we have to bring in to the calculation what did we get in return for that $50.12 billion? as some have testified previously and noted, and some of the member of the committee have noted, according to the fbi's uniform crime report between 1960 and 1992, the number of violent crimes in the united states increased nearly seven fold. from prkly 288,000 to more than 1.9 million. and the violent crime increase nearly five fold. rather abruptly the crime rate began to decrease. and it decreased for nearly a decade. then plateaued until two years ago when it started to tick up. scholars who look at the decline and try to give a reason for it or determine a reason for it, and has noted incarceration and the increase in incarceration in the united states played a large role in the particular decline. in other words what we got from the 50.2 billion was a decrease in crime that is value underestimate because it doesn't include psychic cost of about $180 billion per year. i leave it to you to judge whether a 50 billion investment that gets you $18 billion return is a good idea or not. it's not meant to suggest that nothing can be done to deal with the current justice problems. rather to counsel caution in dealing with sweeping claim of cheap, readily available, and highly effective in incarceration. rather we need to do four things. first we need to understand the unique characteristic of the federal prison system. they are quite different from the state prison system. we need to make use of the -- and also identifying marketers of the onset systems. >> thank you. i appreciate it. let me start with the secretary. you are an observer from the outside of the federal bureau. it's your corrections and lifelong profession. it you have been successful in pennsylvania and you're showing not only bipartisanship but unit unanimity and successed in the reform effort. what would you take out of pennsylvania's experience and apply lessons that would be helpful for the federal bureau of prisons? are there critical? are there similarities? where are they? what do you think are you successes that apply most readily to your federal colleague? >> i think from a process standpoint, we were able to have people check their r or d at the door and become part of the process and we set a goal and acknowledged the goal and put the partisan stuff aside. understand we want the same thing. we want good outcome. then i think really understanding the dynamic of the population. certainly the federal population is arguably different than the state population. i think it's important to accurately identify and build consensus what group -- dealing with in another marijuana. and then specifically as we start splitting the different group out. look how we're like like to get the best outcome. you're to the not going bet 1,000. where are we like that get the best outcome? the one thing across the board we had consensus on we weren't pleased with the outcome we were getting from the current approach. so business as usual wasn't going to work. it wasn't acceptable. we came to the consensus early on nobody could make the argument we were happy with the return on the investment we were getting for correction. i think if you take that approach and not say our goal is to reduce spending by x amount. but our goal to get better outcome and identify folks that can dream with in another manner and more effective and lost costly. if you keep that as the focus. i think it's the best way to move forward. >> when you talk about identifying folks what are the sorts of categories you're looking at? >> age, gender, drug history? level of incarceration, length of term, what are some of the groups you picked out of the general population to try to improve the focus? yeah. we didn't talk about violent versus nonviolate. many people pointed out. by the time some one came they had an average of eight arrests. and nobody gets locked up for j walking in harrisburg, pennsylvania. that's not why they're there. and to try to make to the extent possible good individual decisions and give judges the tools that they have all the information to make those individual decisions. >> you were dialing at all the way back into the presents report for judges? >> yes. in pennsylvania with an consistent level of present three reports. under the rendell administration bypassed this tool that was supposed to be developed by the sentencing commission. however, it wasn't funded. through our initiative we were able to find that so we can give judges information at sentencing and allow them to make better decisions on real information. >> where did you get the actuarial information? >> we had the information and the sensing commission is charged with taking that and develop tools -- >> polling information out of the tracking information on your own inmates essentially? >> we have a bunch of different sources of information. the sentencing commission, the courts, the different criminal justice agencies pull all those together, develop ago, tested, piloted and then roll it out across the state. >> thanks. >> thank you. >> chairman telly, same question to you. can you pick out of what kentucky has done any particularly successful elements that you command to us as areas of focus? >> i think there are a number of measures on the front and back and that work and are translatable to the federal system. mind you i'm no expert on the federal bureau of prisons but to me were talking about folks -- >> concentrate on kentucky. >> i will tell you that it seems to me for being a former prosecutor i saw a number of federal cases preceding and moving along to conviction. we are doing more of the same kind of work than one might imagine. i would say focusing on reentry and recidivism let's go to the backend. we have mandatory reentry supervision. those who don't achieve parole, we are releasing them into a very controlled environment, six months prior to the expiration of the sentence, so that as these indicate we can focus on that all important six months because again as experts tell us and as has been validated through side, if you catch that defend and the first six months of reentry you can hopefully achieve a more successful reentry and then lower recidivism which is the goal. that is significant. the public demands again as has been said today, roughly the same kentucky about 95% of all our offenders welcome back to the committee. in that community i think taxpayers and constituents deserve our best effort at making sure that the vendor doesn't reinvent. so that's important and at the very translatable. there's a number of things we can do and are doing beyond just that. another example, chairman, would be an immediate and graduated sanctions for technical parole violators rather than sitting back and we found we were send them back for longer than their original sims. that was not serving anyone. what we found now is remarkably are women the king that in kentucky. >> we were u.s. attorneys together back in the day so i'm familiar with his work. >> i googled that. yes, and i didn't -- >> your experience has been the same, that making parole violation responses swifter, more certain, more immediate, even if less impactful in terms of how long they take out of the probationers life, you get a better result from a quicker -- you can have a small reaction if it's quicker and more certain to probation violations. >> absolutely. we were backing up on multiple violations and there was this waiting period before the offended and whether or not parole was going to be revoked and sent back to prison. it was very ineffective. we are seeing results that are being proven effective, and hopefully we can mimic the success they've had an ally. one thing on the front end, the remarkable success, really unexpected success we've had with low-level offenders and in particular misdemeanors that were filling a county jails. i still think it's translatable because we're using science, risk assessment as has been mentioned today to figure out who presents the most risk and who can be released prior to adjudication on the tooth stay in potential. [inaudible] >> there's a tool that is developed and used and chosen not by the legislature. that would be mistake to have us choose that science. but the court system has chosen it. our pretrial system come in kentucky we have one of the only true unified pretrial system in the country, state run, state driven so we can do that. what we've seen is increase public safety rate, fewer offenses on release, showing up to court at a greater rate. .. incarceration saving them millions. i think it's a translatable as so many offenders await trial. also preserve the presumption of ininnocence until proven guilty. that's important as well. >> within of the -- obviously as a state representative and chairman of your state's house judiciary committee, you have responsibilities to wide array of stakeholders and constituents and part of your community. i remember going around rhode island with the director with a map that showed where people went when they left the aci or correctional institution and went back to the community. i think we did it by zip code. there were some zip code where had had virtually no impact. virtually nobody returned to the community. there were communities receiving an average land of people coming out of the prison system. and so when you talk about reentry. did you consider not just reentry from the individual oarched point of view and trying to make them more successful to reentry to reduce it. but also what it means to the community. particularly the ones that are heavily impacted on high return from the prison population? >> absolutely. in fact we talked a lot what been referred to as community super vision and community correction doesn't play quite as well. community super vision in the sense you want to direct the offender closer to their community. and help them reintergrate. as we found when you modify behavior in one setting. for instance, the prison, they return to their home. they immediately may return to the behavior would certain control and certain behavior modification strategy in place. yes, we focused on that. we have that kind of community super vision in place in the bill. it runs through the bill. we're trying to redirect some of the savings, again, to the community so we're not having to find new dollar to pay for the increase in community super vision. it's clearly less expensive. question monitor in some maniuation -- so many ways. we have several minimum conditions. we have over ten of the minimum conditions. can technology with monitor it in so many ways. we are not that far off from the numbers thrown here today. when you have the substantial savings and the successful reentry. i think the community begin to buy in as well. i know mine has. >> what is the experience of effect of overcrowding in pennsylvania's prison the one you supervisor and manage? >> we're about 109 percent of capacity. i think that the challenge really becomes the decisions on the ground. the decisions with who you put in a cell together. i'm guess if you look at the numbers as we became more and more crowded. i'm not sure that the overall number of misconduct would skyrocket. i would guess that the severe city and in-cell violence because at the same time crowding curred. we got better at the practice and got more technology and camera. but those in-cell decisions and i think the second area that gets impacted by crowding would be segregation. and historically, without crowding you rarely double segregation cell when, you know, like model 6 the light is always on. you have to find someplace to put somebody. sometimes you make decisions in putting people together that you rather not have to make. as a specific result of crowding. it it's your experience as a practitioner that other thing being equal higher jefer crowding have a tendency to increase violence and risk within the population. >> absolutely. especially if the staffing doesn't increase at the same scope as the inmates. >> at the minimum that require additional costs. >> correct. >> yeah. >> doctor, any suggestions you highlight in the report you think that have particular effect for the bureau of prisons? >> well, as i already stated, the proposals in our report aren't the urban institute's proposal. what we have set out do is to project the area -- on population and costs. >> which one would you light for us? >> i'll highlight any number of them that you are interested in. the ones represented in the smarter sentencing act, for example, reduces mandatory min numb in three ways. it cuts for certain type of drug offenders. virtually in half. and that alone we predict could reduce overcrowding by 20% in ten years' time and save over $2 billion. it also reduces mandatory minimum by extending the safety valve to criminal history two category. that gives more judicial discretion to deviate for mandatory minimum. as i referenced in my formal statement, there is a lot of restrictions to our projections. we don't assume that it means that everybody with a criminal history category ii is going to be subject to reduced sentence. there's a lot of jew -- judicial discretion involved. assumed a lot will not be subject to that because of their risk level and criminal history. it would save $544 million. .. if i could restate it in a single sentence, it would be that you are warning us against either sweeping or overbroad measures that might create a public the cost outside the prison system that more than offsets any savings within the prison system but you accept that if this is done in a smart way and the right way. there is in fact opportunity here to both improve public safety and lower corrections costs. >> you summarized it beautifully. one of the bugaboos that i have is that we very often talk about these complex issues and treat offenders either as generic like they are all the same or we treat them as dichotomous. we will say they are the violet in the nonviolent ones. if you know the research on career criminals and from a history and specialization one of the things he realize his yes there is a subset of the offender population that are purely property offenders and never commit a violent offense among violent offenders they have a mix of property offenses and violent offenses and their history as was mentioned. so you can't just look at what what is the offense of this particular offender in four and make a judgment about that particular risk. you need to be much more granular and much more careful about this. >> are you comfortable with the assessment tools that you use in pennsylvania meet that standard and are sensitive to dr. sedwick 's concerns? >> yes. >> so it's doable? >> i would concur. >> okay, very good. i ask unanimous consent which i will achieve since i'm the last one here. the two articles be added to the record. one is a "new york times" article or an opinion piece lesser crimes rethinking life behind bars by john tierney and the other is -- and the inmate population while increasing public safety by our corrections director eight t-wall. the record of the appearing will remain open for one additional week for any further questions or testimony that anybody wishes to offer. let me once again thank each of the witnesses for coming and lending your expertise and in the case of chairman talley and the secretary you're very long and well-earned personal experience in this area. i think what you have done politically to make these changes happen in your home state are very impressive and i'm sorry getting unanimity the way pennsylvania did but unanimity by one vote is pretty darned impressive. so i offer a lot of careful work into the kind of product would both be unanimous and impactful. you can do unanimous all day long if you wind up with no results but doing something that really makes a change and getting the kind of political support at home and in the legislature is a very significant achievement. i'm delighted that you both have the opportunity and the ability to come here today and i thank you very much for being here. i think all the witnesses here you are extremely helpful and the urban institute we continue to work with you and thank you for the report and with that, we are adjourned. [inaudible conversations] >> a couple of live events to tell you about this morning. the national journal hosts charlie cook, editor and publisher of the cook political report. that'll be here on c-span2 at 8:30 a.m. eastern. and then on c-span3 at 9:30 eastern, you can watch an atlantic council forum on natives' defense strategy. >> from a young age, jacqueline bouvier loved to write. she would often create poems for her parents on christmas and birthdays. she would write a poem and illustrate it. we have two early examples here or from when she was about 10 years old. in the fall she entered a very well known writing con it's, and one was actually a self-portrait, and question three, who were three people in history you wish you had known, and she mentions oscar wilde. in the early 1950s, jacqueline bouvier was hired as the inquiring camera girl for the washington times herald. one column that we have on display here is somewhat prophetic, because she's interviewed vice president nixon and senator john f. kennedy who, of course, would be adversaries in the 1960 presidential campaign. and as we know, in her later life, the last part of her life,'s a very prolific editor of books in new york city, working with several different authors on books of different topics. >> watch our presentation on jacqueline kennedy on "first ladies." and our series continues live monday as we look at first lady, lady bird johnson. >> at the annual lord mayors banquet last night, prime minister david cameron announced that britain would give the equivalent of $16 million to aid in the philippines recovery after the typhoon over the weekend. the lord mayor's banquet is held annually for the diplomatic and financial corps. we'll show you as much of this as we can until our live event at 8:30. ♪ ♪ >> silence for the prime minister. [applause] >> my lord mayor, my late lord mayor, your grace, my lord chancellor, your excellencies, my lords, aldermen, sheriffs, chief commoner, ladies and gentlemen, let me start by thanking lord mayor number 685 for a year of great service to this city and to our country. [applause] and let me congratulate lord mayor number 686 not only on or her appointment, but also for the fantastic vision that she has just set out. [applause] it is a vision of diversity and incluesivity that is every bit be as vital for our country as it is for the city of london. it was a great speech, and it's good to see, as you said, that a woman is that's wearing the tights in this place. [laughter] but can i say having seen -- [applause] having seen my colleague's get up this evening, it's a shame that the lord chancellor's not allowed to wear his trousers. [laughter] lord mayor, i have no crystal ball about what your mayoralty holds, but let me say this, our experience in national politics is this: when a woman storms the barricades and takes the top job, it does nothing but good for our country. [applause] in previous years i've set out the principles of a british foreign policy that is outward looking and firmly if many our national interest. in the last year, we have stayed true to those principles. we hosted a g8 which launched negotiations on the biggest bilateral trade deal deal in history, a deal between the e.u. and the u.s. that could be worth ten billion pounds the britain alone. we agreed on a declaration that should insure companies pay their taxes, governments are transparent about their income, and the world endorses free trade. we've continued to promote british business abroad with more foreign direct investment in britain this year than in any other country on our planet. we negotiated a real terms cut in the e.u. budget, and i set out plans for a more competitive and flexible european union and promised the british people a referendum on the new settlement that we reach. we honored our promises to the poorest in the world, vaccinating a child against diseases that can kill every two seconds over the last year. we continue to help around the world as we are today in the philippines where typhoon haiyan has wrought such appalling devastation. britain is contributing ten million pounds ask hmser thing, currently delowed near singapore, will be heading full speed towards the disaster zone with further support from an raf c-17 which will be a powerful help to the relief operation. and, yes, when it came to the brutal crimes of the assad regime against its people, we stood up for the right values in syria. and and let's not retend that syria -- pretend that syria would now be giving up its chemical weapons if we and our allies had looked the other way. britain is a country that has always been prepared to stand up for its values, and today on armistice day let us join together in paying tribute to all those brave men and women across the generations who have given their lives for our safety and our freedom. [applause] for years prime ministers have been coming to this banquet to talk about the big be, global challenges facing britain and the west. traditionally, these have been about our security and our values. but today the biggest challenge we face is economic. it's about how we insure a strong, sustained and successful recovery that delivers for everyone in britain. and let us remember that a strong and successful economy is the foundation of our influence when it comes to the foreign and security policy issues that we traditionally talk about here. so it is this economic challenge i want to talk about tonight. now, of course, britain has recovered from recessions and financial crashes before. but this time there is a difference. in the past there was an assumption that the west would still emerge as the strongest in the world whether it was the 1930s or the 1970s. it was clear we were still the ones with the biggest industrial base, still the ones with the ideas, with the scale of market, with the climate for enterprise, the money and the skills to trump them all. but as the number of university places surges in india, as china creates more patents tan any other country in the -- than any other country in the world, and as brazil becomes the world's first sustainable biofuels economy, people ask the question will they be the winners and we be the losers? i believe we need to say a very firm, no. the global economy is not a zero sum game. of course, if we make the wrong decisions, they may well succeed at our, pence. expense. but there is a clear way forward for us to carve out a place for britain to be a real success alongside these new economic powers. but we should be under no illusion that success is far from guaranteed. so how do we succeed? well, let's start with what we don't do. there are some wrong-headed approaches that we absolutely need to reject. there's the view you can characterize as stop the world, i want to get off. ignore the interconnectedness of the world economy and pull up the draw bridge. that's clearly not the answer. then there's the pretense that the answer is spending and borrowing more on an ever bigger state in an attempt to somehow insulate ourselves from the global competition. and at the other extreme, there is embracing globalization to enthusiastically, so unquestioningly that we actually lose sight of our true national interest. now, we saw a fair amount of both of those last two approaches in the previous decade. and we saw what we got in return. the biggest budget deficit in our peacetime history and mass uncontrolled immigration that puts huge pressure on public services and changed communities in a way that people didn't feel comfortable with. so those wrong-headed ideas, ignoring the international, globalized economy, attempting to insulate ourselves against it or, indeed, slavishly tolling it, none of these is the right answer. so what is? engage in some sort of race to the bottom? absolutely not. that completely misunderstands the dynamics of the modern global economy. it's not simply a competition for who can produce the same goods at cheaper prices. it's about who can produce the new services, the new processes, the innovations that can create and sustain the jobs of the future. and that's why it is increasingly high-skilled jobs that are so vital to our success in the global race. so the right prescription is not to try and imitate developing economies, but to make this country more like great britain. put simply, to lay to our strengths -- play to our strengths, take our advantages, invest and add to them. we have the global language of business. we have the time zone where you can trade with asia in the morning, america in the afternoon. the city of london, the global home of finance. our top universities are amongst the best on the planet. and invent iness, innovation and credibility will be key to our success. we are the country that invented everything there the lightbulb to the jet engine, there the tin can to the tank. you name it, we created it. most of the world's sports -- not that we always win at them -- [laughter] and the truth is, we're still at it whether it is sequencing the genome be, isolating graphene or designing the chips that power not just nine out of ten of the smartphone in this room -- which i hope you've all got switched off -- but anywhere in the world. we have the scientists and technical expertise that is the envy of the world. this is britain. competitive, pioneering, creative, innovative. our success in the global race hinges on playing to these strengths, on taking the country that led the agricultural revolution, the industrial revolution and the market-based revolution of the 1980s and equipping it once again to lead the economic revolution of today. and as we do so, we should never forget this: our institutions, particularly our democracy, property rights, access to markets, the rule of law and equal my for all -- equality for all before the law, these things are not incidental to our economic strength, they are absolutely key to it. they form the golden thread of conditions which allow countries to thrive over the long material. but to play to our strengths and to make a success of our country in the global race, we have to do some things differently. we can't simply try and rebuild the same type of economy that we had before the crash. we can't just go back to how things used to be. we need to build something better. a vision of a new kind of economy where the benefits of growth are shared by all, north and south alike. an economy for everyone where the right skills, the right jobs and the right rewards are there for everyone with the right attitude. and where all our children and grandchildren can look forward to a better future. what does all the mean in racks? i believe it means we need four things. first, an economy with a state that we can afford. second, an economy where everyone can take part. third, an economy that is equipped for the future. and fourth, an economy based on enterprise at home and abroad. let me say just a word about each. first, an economy with a state we can afford. there are some people who seem to think that the way you reduce the cost of living in this country is for the states to spend more and more taxpayers' money. it is as if somehow you measure the compassion of a government by the amount of other people's money it can spend. at a time when family budgets are tight, it is really worth remembering that this spending comes out of the pockets of exactly the same taxpayers whose living standards we want to see improve. i hope the archbishop of canterbury will forgive me for saying it's not robbing peter to pay paul, but rather, robbing peter to pay peter. the single biggest threat to the cost of living in this country is if our budget deficit and debts get out of control again. if interest rates and mortgage rates start to soar, the increase this the cost of living will far outweigh the impact of any increase in government spending or, indeed, reduction this taxation. this government is not prepared to let that happen. we have a plan, and we are carefully implementing that plan. already we've cut the deficit by a third, and we are ticking to the task. -- sticking to the task. but that doesn't just mean taking difficult decisions on public spending. it also means something more profound. it means building a leaner, more efficient state. we need to do more with less not just now, but permanently. it can be done. consider these facts, compared with three years ago there are 40% fewer people working in the department of education, but there are other 3,000 more free schools and academies with more children doing tougher subjects than ever before. there are 23,000 fewer administrative roles in the national health service, but there are 5,000 more doctors with shorter waiting times. you can have a leaner, more efficient or affordable state that actually delivers better results for the taxpayer. the second thing we need is an economy where everyone, everyone can take part. that is not what we have today. consider this: 64% of children on free school meals don't get five good gcses with english and math, and 4,000 children leave secondary school every year with no gcses at all. that is why we are overhauling the curriculum, introducing more rigorous apprenticeships and giving every child the chance to excel. not letting people make the most of their talents is not just a tragedy for the individual, it is a tragedy for our country too. in the same context, as the lord mayor just said so clearly, inequality is not just wrong, it fundamentally disadvantages our economy. at the moment the u.k. has the lowest ratio in europe for women in s.t.e.m. subjects, and in engineering less than one in six graduates are women. that is simply not good enough. so we should aim to double that proportion by 2030. we simply can't afford in the tough, competitive world of the 23st century for our -- 21st century for our manufacturing industries to miss out on the brightest minds amongst half of the population. but an chi for everyone means -- an economy for everyone means more than just a great education, it also means reforming our welfare system. put simply, no country can succeed in the long term if capable people are paid to stay idle and out of work. we went into the last recession, into the last recession with four million people of working age on out-of-work benefits. we know the most progressive way to tackle poverty is through work, and yet for generations people who could work have been failed by the system and stuck on benefits. so we're putting an end to the poverty and wealth traps taffe plagued our welfare system for so long. we're capping welfare so that no family is better off on benefits than if work and through universal credit, we're assuring every extra hour you work and job you do, you should always be better off. i'm also very focused on supporting the voluntary sector to work alongside the state in fighting poverty and building this economy where with everyone can take part. for example, one of the best answers to payday lending is the credit union movement. as a government, we put 38 million pounds to double the membership of credit unions. they are a shining example of the big society in action. now, third, we need an economy equipped for the future. you can't have an economy for all if people in parts of the north or in some rural communities are left without the transport links or the superfast broadband that they need to take part. so we're investing in infrastructure that serves the whole country. 680 million to insure we have the best superfast broadband in europe by 2015. the biggest investment in roads since the 1970s. the biggest rail investment since victorian times. with cross rail underneath us now, the biggest construction project anywhere in the europe and high speed ii, the first new train line running north out of london for how many
something to do with the fact that the financial liberalization hadn't yet happened and that that had something to do with the stability of the -- >> it surely did. the fact that the stock market kind of went up 15 to 20% a year every year through the 50s even though economic performance was kind of lousy and getting worse had something to do with a growing sense the world what kind of reverse to decreases in the risk premiums but no doubt what you are describing is a portion of the story the extent to which one could go back to that in the modern world. >> i have a question in terms of a lesson learned from the last episode in the recession in the u.s. some would say that a lot of policymakers and attention went to strengthening the financial center wall street and there was considerable success there and too little was done to prop up main street cleaning the mortgage voters were underwater and for various reasons that was it took sometimes propel the market to recover. so that explains the importance of the financial sector in terms of providing electricity to the system. it might have been neglected into the reason for the delayed recovery so i was wondering if any of you or all of you have a role in that. thank you. >> i was in the administration and was involved in those policies. i don't think that anybody involved feels fully satisfied with the way that it played out and i think that the pace at which the resources were distributed was less than was anticipated or that was desired. but i think that much of the commentary does i think miss the mark. everyone understood that housing was at the center of the crisis. everyone understood that there were opportunities where you had a guy that had a house that was worth $200,000 for a mortgage with $240,000 was about to get foreclosed in a way that was going to turn the house to be worth $100,000 if he got his mortgage reduced to $150,000 he would be happy, the bank would be happy. everyone involved understood that. so the failure to understand that was not the reason. nor was the error out of any kind of excessive loyalty to wall street. everyone would have liked to have donovan fantastic things for millions of voting america americans. as a car that is the wrong theory. so, what was the issue? and i'm not necessarily saying this dealt with correctly but here was the problem. the problem was that there were senate households like the one i described for which if you came along it would reduce the mortgage. it would be a improvement and every one. for every one of those households, there were six who were paying their mortgage to their institution every week and there were a lot of others who didn't buy a house because they thought they couldn't afford a house and they didn't want to go into debt. the question is what do you do? what you want to do is do something for the first group and not something that turns the six other people into people who were going into default and needing to be bailed out by taxpayers or putting a major burden on an already undercapitalized financial institution so the programs were designed and quite complex ways to target the place where the assistance of the efficacious to avoid setting off an academic of defaults that would either be expensive for taxpayers or be a major problem for the financial institutions. i think i woul the literature te expectations who designed them. not reaching people who should have been reached and none of the error of reaching people who shouldn't have been reached and the setting off a set of defau default, but that's easy to say with the benefit of hindsight. if you had created a situation where all over america, people were deciding they needed to stop making payments so that they could qualify for the mortgage relief programs you could have easily substantially exacerbated the financial crisis. if you have said that the government was going to take on a liability that bore any close to resemblance to the magnitude of the total underwater quantity of equity in the economy coming to would have been taking on a vast expenditures or there may have been better ways of doing that with hindsight into the problems evolved to be more active and it should have been that way much earlier but the theory that it was either stupidity or the analysis that caused more resources to flow to housing i guess i would firmly insist are wrong. [laughter] >> my question, do you think that europe will be able to achieve a banking unit? >> yes but it's going to take a bit longer. quite a bit longer than the present schedule. >> i am with the recovery board. i have a question regarding the student loan debt that must be a potential cause. i had a conversation with one of the major banking associations in the department. and they are very well concerned about this just with the massive amount of debt students have and the lack of jobs, especially good paying jobs. >> the chairman of the federal reserve -- [laughter] to address that question. >> you raised two issues come at a studenupa student at issue ans issue and i think that -- was me just start by saying that you talked about the employment population ratio. i think the unemployment rate probably understates the degree of the legal market and overstates it somewhat because there are important downward trends in participation, but that being said, i think that we would agree that there is an awful lot of slack in the labor market in a lot of young people living with their parents and the like and that is a very important imperative and that why the federal reserve in particular is taking strong actions to try to support job creation so that is a very important issue. student loans, these first it's a good thing that we have student loans. obviously it wouldn't be good if people couldn't invest in their own human capital and take and make that investment. unfortunately, student loans are not underwritten in anyway and so we are relying pretty much on the borrower to make the judgment about whether this is a good investment or not and it's not always a good judgment. in terms of the financial crisis, i think that it is the case that student loan debt which is not a dischargeable in bankruptcy for example is a burden which is affecting, for example, the libert ability of e to buy a first home, affecting other purchasing decisions they might make, affecting their overall financial condition. so in that respect it is yet one more drag to the extent there is a love of student debt with people helping people who are not working. i don't see it as a source of the financial services per se simply because it is rarely the assets of federal government in the top of financial institutions. i don't see it affecting the stability of the financial system anytime soon. more thought needs to be given to helping people make better choices when they borrow to make sure that they are making good investments with the money that they borrow. >> we've come to the end of the panel. is there anything that any of you want to add? good. let me thank all of the people that have made the conference a success. panelists, i want to thank some of the organizers, not in the long list, but with apologies to others and who organized the conference. finally, forgiving the excuse to have the conference together for much we learned a lot. thank you very much. [applause] [inaudible conversations] secretary of state john kerry back from the negotiating table will be on capitol hill wednesday take us inside the room. it's been reported that nuclear talks with iran fail to reach an agreement. how does the fallout has been? >> well, there were rising expectations as the seven countries met in geneva in the last week. it seems like within reach the iranians said so at the british said so, but there was a bit of turbulence then at the end on saturday by foreign minister came to get a radio interview and said he had problems with the text draft of an agreement that was being circulated and he said he wanted more limits on an heavy reactor and that the iranians are developing and he wanted fervor disposition of the medium and rich uranium that iran has. by late saturday night it looks like the world of power including the u.s., the europeans, china and russia had agreed generally on an approach and air on couldn't sign off on it. the iranian team would get clearance for the deal and some diplomats are saying that one obstacle was iran wanted a commitment from the six nations to enrich uranium going forward if it signed ontog this deal if it is an interim deal to begin with. it is possible at the next meeting on november 20, they will be able to get across the finish line, but for the moment the obama administration has to deal with oppositions to the deal in congress and israelcoun among arab countries in the persian gulf as well. you >> you mentioned those outward comments by the foreigngnin minister. how much weight do you think that they have emerging from th? latest talks? diplo >> of the diplomats say that this was not. but it's clear several of thethe countries in the five plus one group had to concerns and the deal not close to being completed, but it really came down to the nitty-gritty as thet have not done before so maybe it is only natural that there is allegations that would have issues with it. in any event, they seem to have come together at the end but it seems like a going forward, when they get to the phase of having to negotiate a final deal which may have been. there is even more disagreement among the six powers. >> the united states and iran traded accusations monday over.n who was to blame for the failure of the latest international talk limit the nuclear program even as they existed remains possible with that kind of a blame game what are the expectations for the next round of talks coming up at the end of the month? gus >> the secretary of state and the foreign minister. they are both also interesting if they see the good chance that he'll can be done. even though there is a maneuvering and there's a, public-relations contest the iranians released the new administration in iran to deal with the economic pressure on iran but the u.s. also wants a deal because they don't want to have to go to waran with iran ai they don't want the deal of them obtaining of a nuclear weapons capability on the record of this administration. so, there is a lot of pressure for the two sides to get a deal. it just -- there are sticking points as well. >> he reports the senate would hit hard on any plans to consider further economic sanctionspl on iran until the chamber is briefed by the obamat administration this week. it's been reported that the secretary of state will brief the senate banking committee on wednesday.g what will we hear from him and what weight is the decision to hold additional sanctions likely to have? >> i think the briefing is going to be behind closed doors. is it, we may hear from senators afterwards a bit about whathe h happened. but certainly, if congress is to impose the sanctions that could maketiat negotiations more difficult. it could encourage some of the countries that are -- that have been purchasers of iranian oil that they should stop complying with u.s. sanctions and there could be more pressure from countries that have been holding the purchases. they may decide that there is not really a diplomatic outcome and prospect here so they oughtt to start by the ordeal again.' that is the administration warning that o the new sanctionu could blow up all of the diplomacy at this point. many people in congress are nots convinced of that and so we are going to see those choices starkly this week. >> i want to ask about one more story today in the "washington post." the headline reads the defense officials the oklahoma senator n killed in a weekend plane crash in tolls a and confirmed by the secretary of defense who released a statement about the place last evening. wanted to get your thoughts. >> i'm not really well-informedo i saw the report as much as i k. knew about it. >> we will leave it there.eave i talking with paul richter of the "los angeles times" covering the state department. thank you so much for joining us by phone. >> she would see as gifts for her parents on christmas and birthdays she would write a poem and illustrated. the writing contests and bleeding essays and one was actually question number three who are three people in history in which you would know and the first two that she mentions are charles, the french poet and the offer -- author. in the early 1950s, jacqueline bouvier was hired as a camera girl for the "the washington times" herald. one column about we have on display is somewhat prophetic because she interviewed vice president who would be adversaries in the 1960s presidential campaign. and as we know in her later life, the last part of her life she was a very prolific editor of books in new york city working with several different authors on the books in several different topics. >> we are going to bring he was speaking at the republican fundraiser last week. also speaking the iowa congressman tom latham. we will show you as much as we can until the events with senator warren gets underway. [applause] >> thank you. i've got some fond memories of campaigning competing in the iowa caucuses. the only thing that i regret is taking that really big bite out of that corndog at the state fair. i was probably going to see that one again sometime, do you thi think? as the son of a farmer i always feel comfortable coming here and i think it is your midwestern values and your sense of community, your love of country and your deep and abiding faith that remind me of the place i grew up in called paint creek. the only difference is that we rarely had any snow. we specialized in cattle in so-called and grew cotton instead of corn. i speak tonight out of a love and deep concern for our country. we have lost our way. the national debt is approximately the size of our national gdp. the best i can tell there is no serious plan to address that. the number of americans is more than doubled as the last decade. secretary vilsack once called the food stamp program an economic stimulus. food stamps are not the solution to the economic problems. they are a symptom of the problem. [applause] people can't find work. they can't find good work. they can find the government dependencies. we are watching this new national healthcare law literally unravel before our eyes. the president said no one would lose their health plan except of course the millions of americans who will. to quote rush limbaugh next he will be saying if you like your guns, you will be able to keep them. [applause] instead of solving problems from our leaders shut down government. it's amazing to me that the obama administration is capable of barricading a war memorial despite the government being shut down, but they can't operate a website when it gets up and running. it's not just that the political party agrees but that they are so disagreeable. so we not only -- but distrust our leaders have forgotten how to govern. and believe me i know a few things about forgiving. [applause] when millions of americans cannot trust the president about something so fundamental as their health care, health insurance, the damage is far greater than when a president parses the words and tries to tell us what the definition of is is. if i may be so bold to quote a t-shirt made her from minnesota in a crowd full of iowans, the nsa is the only part of government that is actually listening. [applause] washington is so determined as an ideological agenda they refuse to listen to the plight of work in america. they don't care if people lose their health insurance because in their estimation, the american people can't determine what level of coverage they need. they don't care that treating carbon dioxide as they pollute and will be story jobs in the industry because you're too is he pandering to the environmental extremes. they don't care that every child born into america today will inherit more than $50,000 the national debt because their experiment in the big government is too important. .. >> that are outperforming blue states, to states that are cutting taxes, controlling spending, balancing budgets and are creating jobs. the change we're looking for is not a speech with a lofty rhetoric. what we're looking for can be found in the record of governors like nikki haley, susana mart fez, rick scott, terry branstad. [applause] conservative governors. conservative governors who are cutting taxes and controlling spending and investing in jobs. governor branstad signed the largest tax cut in iowa history. it's no wonder iowa has added 163,000s and $7.3 billion in economic development projects under his watch. [applause] yeah, i get up every day and go to work, because i know if i don't, terry will be there. [laughter] or he'll send kim. [laughter] he's a serious governor making a real difference. iowa's future is bright because of the leadership of terry branstad, and he and he has assembled an incredible team. and i will suggest to you his strongest asset is with us here tonight. lieutenant governor kim reynolds is part of that branstad/reynolds administration. [applause] she deserves our thanks. she is dedicated to this state. and there are states like iowa that are succeeding, and then there are states that are sinking. there are states that are in trouble. states like california, illinois, california -- [laughter] there are states that are on the rise, debts exploding, capital and personal income are fleeing those states. listen, if you live in california and you rent a u-haul to move your company, it costs twice as much to go from san francisco to usa, texas, than the other way around because you cannot find a truck big enough that you can afford to flee california. [laughter] [applause] that's a fact. my home state is creating more jobs than any other state in the nation. we've rated as the best business climate nine years in a row. and the reason for that is not rocket science. we cut taxes, we didn't spend all the money, we created fair and predictable regulations, we put legal reforms into place so that you would not be sued frivolously. and then we got out of the way. you see, because of that we have an abundance of jobs and revenue. we're demonstrating that while you can't spend your way to prosperity, with the right policies you can grow yourself there. there are two visions in our country, two visions that are playing out. there's this washington blue state vision and one that's being enacted in red states. and the vision that wins out whether the big government, protectionist nanny state vision offered by democratic leaders or the limited government, the free market, freedom-loving states that's offed up by republican -- offered up by republican governors. they're going to determine the future of our nation. america cannot sustain its current fiscal course. we can't continue to borrow trillions from bankers in beijing and brazil and tokyo. the downgrading of our credit for the first time two years ago shouldn't have surprised anyone. our leaders were fighting over a few billion in spending cuts while our debt soared by trillions in the last five years. long before our president presided over our downgrading of our credit, he was downgrading our standing in the world with. in the world. he alienated israel, he emboldened iran, he muddled through the arab spring without any foreign policy, and his latest gambit in syria was a demonstration of weakness in a world that needs a strong america. as dennis miller put it, we gotta be the only country in the world that sends out a "save the date" attack card. [laughter] [applause] it is not in our interests to give advance warning to an enemy. as an old air force pilot, i will tell you we want the first sign of our coming to be craters in their soil. [applause] we have to reestablish america's primacy in the world, and it starts with the foreign policy that ronald reagan referred to as peace through strength. [applause] it's not too late. it's not too late for america to lead in the world. we can do it again, but only, only if we get our house in order first. our national debt is a national security issue. the nationalization of our health care system will only further erode our economy. borders left unenforced leaf us subject -- leave us subject to future attacks. it is time for washington to focus on the few things that the constitution establishes as the federal government's role; securing the borders, defending our country, delivering -- >> we'll leave the last moment or two of this and take you live to elizabeth warren, the senator from massachusetts, speaking at the u.s. capitol in the russell senate office building. she's speaking to a group called the persons for financial reform and the roosevelt institute, it's just getting underway live here on c-span2. >> we fought shoulder to shoulder throughout the dodd-frank effort and after that in the regulatory efforts and continue that battle today. so i want to start this by saying a very big thank you to americans for financial reform and to the roosevelt institute for inviting me to speak here today. i've been working very closely with afr and with roosevelt, and i am delighted to be here. you know, it has been five years since the financial crisis, but we all remember its darkest days. credit dried up, the stock market crashed, historic institutions like lehman brothers and merrill lynch or were wiped out. there were legitimate fears that our economy was tumbling over a cliff, be and we were heading into another great depression. we averted that grim outcome, but the damage was staggering. a recent report by the federal reserve of dallas estimated that the financial crisis cost us upwards -- are you ready? -- cost us upwards of $14 trillion, that's trillion with a t. that's $120,000 for every american household, more than two years' worth of income for the average family. billions of dollars in retirement savings disappeared, millions of workers lost their job and their sense of financial security, entire communities were devastated. and a new census bureau study shows that -- just a couple of months ago came out showing that home ownership rates for families with young children have declined by 15%. the crash of 2008 changed lives forever. in april 2011 after a two-year bipartisan inquiry, the senate permanent subcommittee on investigations released a 635-page report that identified the primary factors that led to the crisis. the list included high-risk mortgage lending, inaccurate credit ratings, exotic financial products and, to top it all off, the repeated failure of regulators to stop the madness. as senator tom coburn, the subcommittee's ranking member, said: blame for this mess lies everywhere from federal regular raters -- regulators who cast a blind eye, wall street bankers who let greed run wild and members of congress who failed to provide oversight. even jamie dimon, the ceo of jpmorgan chase, has emphasized that inadequate regulation was a source of the crisis. he wrote this to his shareholders: had there been stronger standards in the mortgage markets, one huge cause of the recent crisis might have been be avoided. the crash happened quickly and dramatically, and it caught our nation -- and apparently even our regulators -- by surprise. but don't let that fool you. the causes of the crisis were years in the making, and the warning signs were everywhere. as many of you know, i've spent my career studying the growing economic pressures on middle class families, families that worked hard and played by the rules and still can't get ahead. and i've also studied the financial services industry and how it's developed over time. a generation ago the price of financial services, credit cards checking accounts, mortgages, signature loans, was pretty easy to see. both borrowers and lenders understood the basic terms of the deal. but by the time the financial crisis hit, a different form of pricing had emerged. lenders began to use low advertising prices on the front end to entice their customers in and then made their real money with fees and charges and penalties and repricing back in the fine print. buyers became less and less able to evaluate the risks of the financial product. comparison shopping became almost impossible. and a market became less efficient. credit card companies took the lead with their contracts ballooning from a page and a half back in 1980 to more than 30 pages by the beginning of the 2000s, and teaser rate credit cards that advertise these deceptively low interest rates paved the way for teaser rate mortgages. now, when i worked to set up the consumer financial protection bureau, i pushed hard for steps that would increase transparency in the market place. the crisis began one lousy mortgage at a time, and there's a lot we must do to make sure there are never again so many lousy mortgages. the cfpb made some important steps in the right direction, and i think we're a lot safer now than we were then. but what about the other causes of the crisis? there's no question that dodd-frank was a strong bill, the strongest in three generations. i didn't have a chance to vote for it because i wasn't in the senate yet, but if i'd had the chance, i would have voted for it twice. [laughter] i would have. but the law is not perfect. and so it's important to ask where are we now, five years after the crisis hit and three years after dodd-frank? now, i know there's been a lot of discussion today about a variety of issues, but i want to focus on one in particular: where are we now on too big to fail? where are we on making sure that the behemoth institutions on wall street can't bring down the economy with a wild gamble? where are we on ending a system that lets investors and ceos scoop up all the profits in good times and then stick the tax pa payer -- taxpayer with the losses when things go wrong? you know, after the crisis there was a lot of discussion about how too big to fail distorted the marketplace creating lower borrowing costs for the largest institutions and a competitive disadvantage for the smaller ones. there was a lot of talk about moral hazard and the dangers of big banks getting a free, unwritten government-guaranteed insurance policy. sure, there was talk, but look what happened. today the four biggest banks are 30% larger than they were just five years ago. and the five large banks hold more than half of all the total banking assets in the country. one study earlier this year showed that the too big to fail status is giving the ten biggest u.s. banks an annual taxpayer subsidy of $83 billion. wow. who would have thought five years after the crisis that we witnessed firsthand the dangers of an overly concentrated financial system that the too big to fail problem would only have gotten worse? now, there are many who say, sure, too big to fail is an -- isn't over yet, but congress should wait to act further until the agencies have had a chance to issue a lot of the dodd-frank required regulations. and it's true, there are still rules left to be written, and that's because the agencies have missed more than 60% of tear statutory deadlines -- their statutory deadlines. now, i don't understand this logic. since when does congress set deadlines which regulators then miss most of them and then take that failure as a reason not to act? i thought that if the regulators failed, it was time for congress to step in. that's what oversight means, and that's certainly a principle that would have saved our country during the financial crisis. so let's put the pieces together. think of these two things. it has been three years since dodd-frank was passed, and the biggest banks are bigger than ever, the risk to the system has grown, and the market distortions have continued. and second, while the consumer agency has met every single statutory deadline so we know it's possible to get the job done, the other regulators have missed their deadlines and not given us much reason for confidence. the result is that the too big to fail problem remains. now, i add that up, and it's clear to me, i think it's time to act. the last thing we should do is wait for another crisis, for another london whale or another libor disgrace or another row bow-signing -- robo-signing scandal before we take action. for that reason, i've partnered with senators john mccain, maria cantwell and angus king to create the 21st century glass-steigel act. the 1933 version of glass teeing el -- glass-spheeg allayed the ground work, but throughout the 1980s and 1990s, congress and the regulators chipped away at glass-steagall's protection and a sharp increase in systemic risk. they finally finished that task with the 1999 passage of graham-leech-bliley which eliminated protections altogether. so the 21st century act would reinstate the protections, it would wall off depository institutions from riskier activities like investment banking, swaps dealing and private equity activities, it would force some of the biggest financial institutions to break apart and eliminate their ability to rely on federally-insured goes siss -- deposits as a backstop for their high risk activities. in other words, a new glass-steagall act would attack both the too big and to fail. it would reduce the failures of the big banks by making banking boring, by protecting deposits and providing stability even in bad times. and it would reduce too big birdies mantling the behemoths so that big banks would still be big, but not too big to fail, or for that matter, too big to manage, too big to regulate, too big for trial or too big for jail. big banks would once again have an understandable balance sheet, and with that would come greater market discipline. sure, the lobbyists for wall street say that the sky will fall if they can't use deposits and checking accounts to fund their high risk activities. but they said that in the 1930 too, and they were wrong then, and they are wrong now. the glass-steagall act would restore the stability of the financial system that began to disappear in the 9 -- 1980s and 1990s. now, this is one way to deal with too big to fail, ask i think it would -- and i think it would work. and i am very grateful to afr's continued push to make it a reality. but there are other approaches too, so what i want to know is this: how much longer should congress wait for the regulators to fix this problem? another three months? another three years? or until the big banks crash the economy again? treasury secretary jack lew recently said that if too big to fail is still a problem at the end of the year, it might be time to consider other options. anyone counted how close we're getting to the end of the year? [laughter] now, i applaud secretary lew for laying out a timeline, and i'd like to see the other administration officials and regulators follow suit. if dodd-frank gives regulators the tool to end too big to fail, great. end too big to fail. but if the regulators won't end too big to fail, then congress must act to protect our economy and prevent future crises. we should not accept the financial system that allows biggest banks to emerge from a crisis in record-setting shape while working americans continue to struggle. and we should not accept a regulatory system that is so besieged by lobbyists for the big banks that it takes years to deliver rules, and then the rules that are delivered are often watered down and ineffective. what we need is a system that puts an end to the boom and bust cycle, a system that recognizes we don't grow this country from the financial sector, we grow this country there the middle class. from the middle class. powerful interests will fight to hang on to every benefit and every subsidy they now enjoy. even after exploiting consumers, larding their books and making bad bets that brought down the economy is and forced taxpayer bailouts, the big wall street banks are not chastened. they have fought to delay and hamstring the implementation of financial reform, and they will continue to fight every inch of the way. that's the battlefield. that's what we're up against. but david beat goliath with the establishment of the cfpb. and just a few months ago with the confirmation of rich cordray. david beat goliath with the passage of dodd-frank. we did that together. americans for financial reform, the roosevelt institute and so many of you in this room. i am confident that david can beat goliath on too big to fail. we just have to pick up the slingshot again. it's good to see all of you here. thank you. [applause] thank you. thank you. thank you. [applause] >> [inaudible] >> sure. let me just make sure. i never own my own schedule. we want to do questions for just a minute? is that okay? holding up two fingers which i think means two questions. >> thank you so much. so there's a microphone on the side that people can introduce themselves and ask their question briefly. that would be wonderful. >> okay. thanks, lisa. >> hi -- [inaudible] with the other 98%, and i was hoping you could talk about the part of your bill that takes away the derivatives during bankruptcy. i was hoping you might be able to elaborate on why you put that in there. >> so the reason that is in there, as some of our bankruptcy experts this the room know, is that in effect what the current provision does in the bankruptcy laws is that it permits a certain group of creditors just to opt out, to get a first priority if one of the financial institutions collapses. and let's be clear, i want everybody to follow what this means. this means that they don't have to have my market discipline. they don't have to watch to see whether or not when they're lending to one of the giants, whether or not that giant is in good financial shape, what the balance sheet really says about the risks they've taken on and how they're making their profits. it's another form of too big to fail. and i just want to be clear here, it's not something that exists with the small financial institutions. and that's why this so fundamentally wrong. we perpetuate too big to fail which puts the taxpayers at risk, but what it also does is put every financial institution that's not this that category -- in that category at a competitive disadvantage. nobody lends money to them. nobody advances capital to them without a very careful scrutiny of whether or not they're going to be able to pay back. but the big guys are able to walk away for free, and that's wrong. thank you, it's a good question. >> i count myself among your biggest supporters and thank you for everything you do. >> thank you. >> i believe that there is still a law that prohibits any bank holding more than 10% of total deposits in the u.s. and i believe that the last few years three or four biggest institutions have gone -- [inaudible] and congress has been granting them exceptions. now, americans differ in their beliefs, but most of us believe that this is a country of laws. and most of us don't like exceptions to obeying the law. how easy would it be to just stop that? >> you know, it's a very good way to put it as you were saying it. you were saying i thought you had a rule, and i was thinking i don't think we do have such a rule anymore because we have been creating this rolling exception to the rule, so no one actually has to follow the rule. but you're right, and what it's a reminder of is that too big to fail is a problem that stretches across our economy. it's all the way through the financial system, but it has implications throughout the economy. the ways to attack too big to fail are many. there's not a single magic bullet to this. there are lots of ways to go after it. i propose, along with john mccain and with our other cosponsors, one way to do that, and i think it would help. but there are other ways we need to be thinking about as well, and the question on limitations on deposits and the proportion of deposits is just one more way to get at that problem. there was a policy reason for passing that law in the first place. and and that is that congress understood initially that too much concentration in the banking industry was bad for the economy, that it ran too much risk for the taxpayers, and it was bad for competition in the banking industry. that's the kind of fundamental values we've got to get back to. we've got to get back to running this country for america's families, not for its largest financial institutions. thank you. thank you all. [applause] thank you. >> thank you. [applause] [laughter] [inaudible conversations] >> well, coverage of this later in our video library, of course, at c-span.org. this coverage from capitol hill, and tomorrow on capitol hill the budget conference committee will meet again publicly for its second time to look at long-term fiscal issues, the 2014 budget and more. the committee, of course, formed as part of last month's agreement to end the government shutdown. they're due to report back to congress, come to an agreement by december 13th. we'll have live coverage of tomorrow's meeting at 10 a.m. eastern on c-span3. also on c-span3 on thursday, janet yellen -- who's been nominated to be the new head of the federal reserve -- will go before the senate finance committee for her confirmation -- banking committee, rather, for her confirmation hearing. live coverage on thursday at 10 a.m. eastern on c-span2 and c-span radio. >> this weekend booktv looks back at the life and death of our 35th president on the 50th anniversary of his assassination. beginning saturday at 1:30 p.m. eastern with authors martin sadler, ira stall, jeff greenfield. plus an authors' panel relives november 22, 1963. it's all part of booktv this weekend on c-span2. and don't forget booktv's book club for november wants to know what kennedy books you're reading. post your thoughts at booktv.org/bookclub. >> the war in europe turning hot, when the blitzkrieg took place in the low countries, the u.s. was totally unprepared. ask george marshall, chief of staff of the army, came to president roosevelt and said we can't do things we've done in the past. we have to act now, we have to act decisively, and you have to do it today. so roosevelt went to congress the next week and said the u.s. must build 50,000 airplanes to protect itself. and and all the auto companies were given projects to build engines and airplane parts. ford motor company was given the b-24 bomber which was a problematic airplane. it was the newest airplane we had, it was still if development stages, and -- in development stages, and they wanted to mass produce this airplane. so ford said i'm not just going to build parts, i'll build complete airplanes. they took what had been done as individual pieces, and they took the engineering drawings and designed it to -- a massive press would knock out thousands of pieces that would go onto the assembly line and basically workers with just a little bit of training could assemble these airplanes. and in 45% of the four-engine bombers built in the united states were delivered here at willow run, and that was one of 11 factories building the b-24 bomber. >> saving the little piece of this plant that was so important to that story is just, is beyond words. i can't describe the feeling we will all have and the big smiles once we pull this off. we did something here in detroit that was not done anywhere else in the world, and it literally saved the world from the axis powers. and we did that right here. >> michigan's yankee air museum is currently trying to save part of the willow run plant and has plans to turn the abandoned plant into its new home. find out more next weekend as booktv and american history tv look at the history and literary life of ann arbor saturday at noon on c-span2 and sunday at 5 p.m. on c-span3. >> at the annual lord mayor's banquet in london, british prime minister david cameron thousandsed that britain would give ten million pounds to aid with relief efforts in the philippines. his speech also outlines his vision of britain's role in the global economy including increasing trade relations with china, india and gulf countries. the lord mayor's banquet is an annual event hosted by the new lord mayor of london and held for the diplomatic and financial corpses. ♪ ♪ >> raise silence for the prime minister. [applause] >> my lord mayor, my late lord mayor, your grace, my lord chancellor, your excellencies, my lords, aldermen, sheriffs, chief commoner, ladies and gentlemen, let me start by thanking lord mayor number 685 finish. [laughter] for a year of great service to this city and to our country. [applause] and let me congratulate lord number 686 not only on her appointment, but also for the fantastic vision that she has just set out. [applause] it is a vision of diversity and incluesivity that is every bit as vital for our country as it is for the city of london. it was a great speech, and it's good to see -- as you said -- that a woman is at last wearing the tights in this place -- [laughter] but can i say having seen, having seen my colleague's get-up this evening, it's still a shame that the lord chancellor's not allowed to wear his trousers. [laughter] lord mayor, i have no crystal ball about what your mayoralty holds, but let me say this, our experience in national politics is this: when a woman storms the barricades and takes the top job, it does nothing but good for our country. [applause] in previous years i've set out the principles of a british foreign policy that is outward looking and firmly in our national interests. in the last year, we have stayed true to those principles. we hosted a g8 which launched negotiations on the biggest bilateral trade deal in history, a deal between the e.u. and the u.s. that could be worth ten billion pounds to britain alone. we agreed on a declaration that should insure companies pay their taxes, governments are transparent about their income and the world endorses free trade. we've continued to promote british business abroad with more foreign direct investment in the britain in this year than in any other country on our planet. we negotiated a real terms cut in the e.u. budget, and i set out plans for a more competitive and flexible european union and promised the british people a retch dumb on the new settlement -- a referendum on the new settlement we reached. we honored our promises to the poorest in the world, vaccinating a child against diseases that can kill everyone two seconds over the last year. we continue to help around the world as we are today in the philippines where typhoon haiyan has wrought such appalling devastation. britain is contributing ten million pounds and hmser thing will shortly be helding full speed towards the disaster zone with further support from an raf c-17 which will be a powerful help to the relief operation. and, yes, when it came to the brutal crimes of the assad regime against its people, we stood up for the right values in syria. and let's not pretend that syria would now be giving up its chemical weapons if we and our allies had looked the other way with. britain is a country that has always been prepared to stand up for its values, and today on armistice day let us join together in paying tribute to all those brave men and women across the generations who have given their lives for our safety and our freedom. [applause] for years prime ministers have been coming to this pan yet to -- banquet to talk about the big global challenges facing britain and the west. traditionally, these have been about our security and our values. but today the biggest challenge we face is economic. it's about how we insure a strong, sustained and successful recovery that delivers for everyone in britain. and let us remember that a strong and successful economy is the foundation of our influence when it comes to the foreign and security policy issues that we traditionally talk about here. so it is this economic challenge i want to talk about tonight. now, of course, britain has recovered from recessions and financial crashes before, but this time there is a difference. in the past, there was an assumption that the west would still emerge as the strongest in the world. whether it was the 1930s or the 1970s, it was clear we were still the ones with the biggest industrial base, still the ones with the ideas, with the scale of market, with the climate for enterprise, the money and the skills to trump them all. but as the number of university places surges in india, as china creates more patents than any other country in the world and as brazil becomes the world's first sustainable biofuels economy, people ask the question will they be the winners and we be the losers? i believe we need to say a very firm, no. the global economy is not a zero sum game. of course, if we make the wrong decisions, they may well succeed at our expense. but there is a clear way forward for us to carve out a place for britain to be a real success alongside these new economic powers. but we should be under no illusion that success is far from guaranteed. so how do we succeed? well, let's start with what we don't do. there are some wrong-headed approaches that we absolutely need to reject. there's the view you can characterize as stop the world, i want to get off, ignore the interconnectedness of the world economy and pull up the drawbridge. that's clearly not the answer. then there's the pretense that the answer is spending and borrowing more on an ever bigger state in an attempt to somehow insulate ourselves from the global competition. and at the other extreme, there is embracing globalization so enthusiastically, so unquestioningly that we actually lose sight of our true national interest. now, we saw a fair amount of both of those last two approaches in the previous decade, and we saw what we got in return. the biggest budget deficit this our peacetime history -- in our peacetime history, and mass, uncontrolled immigration that put huge pressure on public services and changed communities in a way that people didn't feel comfortable with. so those wrong-headed ideas -- ignoring the international, globalized economy, attempting to insulate against it or, indeed, slavishly following it -- none of these is the right answer. so what is? engage in some sort of race to the bottom? absolutely not. that completely misunderstands the dynamics of the modern global economy. it's not simply a competition for who can produce the same goods at keeper prices. it's about who can produce the new services, the new processes, the innovations that can create and sustain the jobs of the future. and that's why it is increasingly high-skilled jobs that are so vital to our success in the global race. so the right prescription is not to try and imitate developing economies, but to make this country more like great britain. put simply, to play to our strengths, take our advantages, invest and add to them. we have the global language of business. we have the time zone where you can trade with asia in the morning, america in the afternoon. the city of london, the global home of finance. our top universities are amongst the best on the planet. and inventiveness, innovation and credibility will be key to our success. we are the country that invented everything from the lightbulb to the jet engine, from the tin can to the tank. you name it, we created it. most of the world's sports -- not that we always win at them -- [laughter] and the truth is, we're still at it whether it is sequencing the genome, isolating graphene or designing the chips that power not just nine out of ten of the smartphones in this room -- which i hope you've all got switched off -- but nine out of the ten smartphones anywhere in the world. we have the scientists and technical expertise that is the envy of the world. this is britain; competitive, pioneering, creative, innovative. our success in the global race hinges on playing to these strengths. when taking the country that led the agricultural revolution, the industrial revolution and the market-based revolution of the 1980s and equipping it once again to lead the economic revolution of today. and as we do so, we should never forget this: our institutions, particularly our democracy, property rights, access to markets, the rule of law and equality for all before the law, these things are not incidental to our economic strength, they are absolutely key to it. they form the golden thread of conditions which allow countries to thrive over the long term. but to play to our strengths and to make a success of our country in the global race, we have to do some things differently. we can't simply try and rebuild the same type of economy that we had before the crash. we can't just go back to how things used to be. we need to build something better. a vision of a new kind of economy where the benefits of growth are shared by all, north and south alike. an economy for everyone where the right skills, the right jobs and the right rewards are there for everyone with the right attitude and where all our children and grandchildren can look forward to a better future. what does all this mean in practice? i believe it means we need four things. first, an economy with a state that we can afford. second, an economy where everyone can take part. third, an economy that is equipped for the future. and fourth, an economy based on enterprise and at home and abroad. let me say just a word about each. first, an economy with a state we can afford. there are some people who seem to think that the way you reduce the cost of living in this country is for the states to spend more and more taxpayers' money. it is as if somehow you measure the compassion of a government by the amount of other people's money it can spend. at a time when family budgets are tight, it is really worth remembering that this spending comes out of the pockets of exactly the same taxpayers whose living standards we want to see improve. i hope the archbishop of canterbury will forgive me for saying it's not robbing peter to pay paul, but robbing peter to pay peter. if our budget deficits and debt get out of control, if interest rates and mortgage rates start to soar, the increase in the cost of living will far outweigh the impact of any increase in government spending or, indeed, reduction in taxation. this government is not prepared to let that happen. we have a plan, and we are carefully implementing that plan. already we've cut the deficit by a third, and we are sticking to the task. but that doesn't just mean taking difficult decisions on public spending. it also means something more profound. it means building a leaner, more efficient state. we need to do more with less. not just now, but permanently. it can be done. consider these facts: compared with three years ago there are 40% fewer people working in the department of education, but there are other 3,000 more free schools and academies with more children doing tougher subjects than ever before. there are 23,000 fewer administrative roles in the national health service, but there are 5,000 more doctors with shorter waiting times. you can have a leaner, more efficient or affordable state that actually delivers better results for the taxpayer. the second thing we need is an economy where everyone, everyone can take part. that is not what we have today. consider this: 64% of children on free school meals don't get five good gcses with english and math, and 4,000 children leave secondary school every year with no gcses at all. that is why we are radically changing the education system, overhauling the curriculum, introducing more rigorous apprenticeships and giving every child the chance to excel. not letting people make the most of their talent is not just a tragedy for the individual, it is a tragedy for our country too. in the same context, as the lord mayor just said so clearly, inequality is not just wrong, it fundamentally disadvantages our economy. at the appointment, the u.k. has the -- at the moment, the u.k. has the lowest ratio in europe for women in s.t.e.m. subjects, and in engineering, less than one in six graduates are women. that is simply not good enough. so we should aim to double that proportion by 2030. we simply can't afford in the tough, competitive world of the 21st century for our manufacturing industries to miss out on the brightest minds amongst half of the population. but an chi for everyone means -- an economy for everyone means more than just a great education. it also means reforming our welfare system. put simply, no country can succeed in the long term if capable people are paid to stay idle and out of work. we went into the last recession, into the last recession with four million people of working age on out-of-work benefits. we know the most progressive way to tackle poverty is i through work -- is through work, and yet for generations people who could work have been failed by the system and stuck on benefits. so we're putting an end to the poverty and wealth traps that have plagued our welfare system for so long. we're capping welfare so that no family is better off on benefits than through work, and through universal credit we're insuring for every extra hour you work and job you do, you should always be better off. i'm also very focused on supporting the voluntary sector to work alongside the state in fighting poverty and building this economy. for example, one of the best answers to payday lending is the credit union movement. as a government, we put 38 million pounds to double the membership of credit unions. er the a shining example -- they are a signing example of the big society in action. now, third, we need an economy equipped for the future. you can't have an economy for all if people this parts of the north or in some rural communities are left without the transport links or the superfast broadband that they need to take part. to we're investing in infrastructure that serves the whole country. 680 million to insure we have the best superfast broadband in europe by 2015. the biggest investment in roads since the 1970s. the biggest rail investment since victorian times. we've cross-railed underneath us now the biggest construction project thinker in europe. and high speed ii, the first new train line running north out of london for how many years? 120. so, yes, there may be some people who want to stop these changes or at least argue for them to happen somewhere else, perhaps away from their backyard. but let me tell you this, we have a plan for the long term, and we will stick to the task. finally, everyone knows that we need a bigger and more prosperous private sector to generate wealth and to pay for the public services that we need. that means we need to support, reward and celebrate interprize. enterprise. that requires a fundamental change of culture in our country, a culture that's on the side of those who work hard, that values typically british weapon is neural, buccaneering spirit and that rewards people with the ambition to make things, sell things and create jobs for others up and down the country. and that is what this government is on a mission to bring about. we want to make britain the best place in europe to start, to finance and to grow a business. so as the lord mayor said, we are cutting corporation tax to 20%, the lowest in the g20, we're saving business a billion by slashing red tape, and we're backing the innovative industries that will revolutionize world markets. through our new challenger business fishtive, we're identifying those sectors where barriers need to be removed to enable new intracts and disruptive business models to develop at pace over the next five years. but i don't want us just to put enterprise at the heart of our economic policy, i want to make sure it is boosted everywhere. promoted in schools, taught in colleges, celebrated in communities, recognized properly in the honors system and, yes, supported abroad. so we're making enterprise a fundamental part of our foreign policy too. since 2011 almost a billion of few export contracts have been secured for the u.k.'s business thanks to support from u.k. export finance. and i want us to build on that. and the lord mayor and i will be leading from the front again in the coming months. this week i'm leading trade visits to india and the gulf, and i can announce this evening that in early december i will be leading another trade delegation to china. as china's new leadership sets its direction for the next ten years, as their country's star continues to rise in the world, i will take senior british min thesters as well as business -- ministers as well as business leaders from every sector large and small to forge a relationship that will benefit both our countries and bring real rewards for our peoples. opening the way for british companies to benefit from china's vast and varied markets and preparing the way for a new level of chinese investment here in the u.k. this is a relationship it is a for the long term, that matters for britain and for china and which i look forward to continuing to strengthen in the months and years to come. and we don't just need more investment from china, we want to do more to attract investors from the gulf too. so we will introduce a new electronic visa waiver system making it easier for companies to come here and do business. this will be up and running in the new year, and we'll roll it out to kuwait later next year. and we're doing something else to drive up that inward investment. i'm delighted that alderman and former lord mayor sir michael bayer, has agreed to chair a new regeneration investment organization as part of u.k. trade and investment. this will act as a one-stop shop for our major inward investment opportunities with 100 billion pounds of possible projects on the table. these projects won't just mean new jobs in london for the southeast, but right across the whole country. and the first deal is just days away to boost regeneration in places like liverpool, sheffield and leads. so a state that we can afford and an economy where everyone can take part, an economy that is equipped for the future and an economy based on enterprise at home and abroad, that is how we will build something better. that is how we can build an economy for everyone. and by doing this, we needn't look at the global race with fear, but with confidence. confident in the belief that britain can come through stronger. confident that with the right decisions, now our children can look forward to a better future. confident that here in the city of london the great innovator that has led the way in finance be for centuries, we can support a great britain whose innovation and creativity can lead the world for generations to come. thank you. [applause] >> both the house and senate gaveling in in under ten minutes, 2 p.m. eastern. the house taking up six suspension bills including one that would reverse a decades-old ban and allow research on organ donations from individuals who are hiv positive. and and meanwhile, the senate comes up at 2:00 as well taking up the nomination of judge for the u.s. circuit court of appeals. we expect votes later today, including one to limit debate on a motion to proceed to an fda bill. we'll have live coverage here on c-span2 when they come in. secretary of state john kerry is expected on capitol hill tomorrow after weekend talks on iran's nuclear program. "the wall street journal" writing the secretary said the confidence-building deal under discussion in geneva broke down because iran rebuffed an offer that diplomats on the other side were united behind. more details about the story from a reporter from this morning's "washington journal." >> host: so take us inside the room. it's been reported that nuclear talks with iran failed to reach agreement. how did the fallout happen? >> guest: well, there were rising expectations as the seven countries met in geneva at the end of last week.th it seemed like a deal was within reach, the iranians said so, the british said so, but there was a bit of turbulence then at the end. on saturday the french foreign minister came out and gave a radio interview and said he had robs -- problems with the text, the draft of an agreement that was being circulated. he said hen a heavy water reactor that the iranians are developing. ofwanted firmer disposition medium enriched uranium that iran has. by late saturday night, it looks powers, including the u.s., the europeans, china, and russia, had agreed generally on approach. but iran could not sign off on it. the iranian team said they needed to go back to rouhani -- to tehran and get clearance for a deal. some diplomats are saying that one obstacle was that iran wanted an exclusive commitment from the six nation that it would have the right to enrich uranium going forward if it signed onto this deal, which is only an interim deal. the group came up slightly short. it is possible that at the next meeting on november 20, they will be able to get across the finish line. the obamament, administration has to deal with opposition to the deal in among arabn israel, countries in the persian gulf as well. they have other handful. host: you mentioned comments by the french foreign minister. how much weight you think they had in no deal emerging from the talks? guest: it is unclear. the american diplomats say that that was not the problem. several of thet 1untries within the 5 plus group did have concerns, there was discussion -- as the deal to being completed -- they came down to the nitty- gritty as they have not done before. in the it is only natural that various delegations would have issues. in any event, they seem to have come together at the end. it seems like going forward, when they get to the phase of having to negotiate the final deal, which may happen in the months ahead, there is room amongen more disagreement the six powers. host: paul richter, your report ,"d -- in "los angeles times the u.s. and iran traded accusations monday. even as they insisted that a dealer remains possible. with this blame game taking are our the press, what expectations for the next round of talks at the end of the month? even thoughguest: secretary of state kerry and the iranian foreign minister traded accusations of what happened in geneva and caused this snag, they were insisting that they see a good chance that a deal can be done. even though there is maneuvering and public relations contest, ians, or at least the new administration in iran, wants a deal that will ease economic pressure on iran. the u.s. wants a deal, they don't want to go to war with iran, they don't like the idea of iran obtaining nuclear weapons abilities on the record of this administration. there is a lot of pressure for the two sides to get a deal. there are still sticking points as well. host: i would return to a report in politico. on anyate will hit pause plans to consider further economic sanctions on iran until the chamber is briefed by the obama administration this week. john kerry will brief the senate inking committee on wednesday -- banking committee on wednesday. what will we hear from him, what way is this decision to halt -- weight is this decision to halt likely to have? the hearing will be behind closed doors. we may hereafter would happen. if congress is to impose additional sanctions, there is a chance that that could make negotiations more difficult. it could encourage some of the countries that have been , thatsers of iranian oil they should stop complying with u.s. sanctions. there may be -- there could be from countries that have been holding back on their purchases of oil. they may decide that there is not really a diplomatic outcome in prospect here. they ought to start buying the oil again. anyways, that is the administration's warning that new sanctions could blow up all of the diplomacy at this point. many people in congress are not convinced of that. >> here on c-span2 the u.s. senate gaveling in next to take up the nomination of a judge for the u.s. circuit court of appeals also debate and action later today on an fda bill. live coverage on c-span2. the chaplain: let us pray. our father, we wait in reverence before your throne. cleanse us from our sins, creating in us clean hearts while renewing a right spirit within us. lord, help our lawmakers today to discern your voice and do your will. give them ab
>> this concludes the observance. these be seated for departure of the president of the united states. thank you for joining us today as we celebrate and honor all who serve. [applause] ♪ ♪ >> the role of u.s. intelligence of monitoring drones from other countries. federal contractors and hiring procedures. washington journal is live every morning starting at 7:00 on c- span. coming up, our first ladies series features jacqueline kennedy. a veterans day celebration -- ceremony at the world war ii memorial. ♪ >> i think every first lady should do something in this tradition to help the thing that she cares about. i just think that everything in the white house should be the best. the entertainment that is given here. >> children are the same the world over and so is our feeling for children. i think it is good in the world, there is quite enough to divide people, so we should cherish the language and the emotion that unites us. >> jacqueline kennedy's 1000 days as first lady was defined by images, young mother, advocate for the arts, fashion icon. footage of the assassination of president kennedy and his funeral cemented her in the public consciousness. welcome to the c-span series, first ladies, influence and image. we have two guests at the table, to tell you more about her story. he has a special focus on the cold war era and the kennedy administration. robert parry is a political scientist and as part of the modern first ladies series, he has written the jacqueline kennedy biography. before we get into more details about her white house years, i want to talk about the images of that assassination. anyone who was alive at that time has those images in their mind. this is a collective consciousness. she was just 34 years old. >> just 34 years old. we know so much about this story. he was shot and into her arms, for five minutes they were there and she felt that they left the hospital to go back to washington, but they had to do something to make sure that he had the historical reputation. >> what would a 34-year-old woman have the sense of that experience? what did she draw from? there are so many iconic images together in such a short time. >> she said when she was young woman, my ambition in life is to be the art director of the 20th century. and she almost turned out to be that. and she felt one thing that would be important for his legacy -- is to wipe out the view of that, and having three or four days of ceremony that she wished would be what they would remember, not the tawdry miss of what happened. >> this is not the first presidential assassination and president -- presidential widow. as a political scientist you talk about the power of television, how did this work in this case. >> she wanted to go back to the rights for abraham lincoln, the first assassinated president. she asked her brother-in-law and the president -- his various friends to come to her aid, to find books on the lincoln funeral and all of this played out on television. when eisenhower was first elected in 1962, 20% of american households had television sets, but in 1963 about 90% had televisions. i can member sitting in the family living room on that night of november 22, 1963 and saying mrs. kennedy walk out of air force one, behind her husband's casket. i remember my parents and older brother gasping at seeing her. >> what she said -- lady bird johnson said -- let me get someone to help you. >> but she understood the power of that imagery, we have two hours to tell you with video clips and audio clips, the story of jacqueline kennedy. we encourage you to take part once again tonight, there are three ways to do this, you can tweet us, at first ladies, or on our facebook page, or you can call us. our numbers are -- mountan/pacific -- we will get to your calls in just a bit. i start with a phone conversation with president johnson. i want to ask about why we have them, before we listen. >> he takes his telephone conversations, as eisenhower and roosevelt -- with johnson this was about 650 hours over five years. and in most cases this was without the knowledge that would include jacqueline kennedy. at that point, there was a very good relationship with lbj. >> this is the phone conversation was just 10 days after the death of her husband. this is a phone conversation with lyndon johnson. >> you just have to give me strength. >> i wasn't going to come over. >> you just come over and put your arm around me, let's walk around the backyard. let me tell you how much you mean to all of us, and how we can carry on -- >> i know how rare a letter is in the president's handwriting. i have more in your handwriting than i do in jack's handwriting, for you to send me the thing today, the announcement and everything -- >> i want you to know that i told my mother a long time ago, when everyone else gave up about my election in 1948 -- you have a lot of courage that we men don't have. so we have to rely on you and depend on you and you have something to do. you have the president relying on you, there are not many women running around -- so you have the biggest job in your life. >> i ran around with two presidents, that is what they will say about me. ok, anytime. thank you for calling, mr. president. >> do come by. >> this relationship was not always the easiest of relationships, but how did he treat the departing first family and jackie kennedy? >> very well and mrs. kennedy talked about how grateful she was for president johnson. she would have to say president johnson unlike the president's brother, who she called a couple of hours across -- after the assassination -- president johnson -- the very easily to calling him mr. president. but she was very grateful to president johnson, that they were so grateful to her, and they let her stay in the white house until december 6. she was able to stay there with her children until she got the sense of where she was going to go. and in the carnage in dallas, she lost her husband, her home and her job. she had no place to go until the home was open in georgetown. caroline was going to nursery school and kindergarten. she was very grateful to the president for that. >> you have listened to a lot of jacqueline kennedy -- she sounds so in control of herself, 10 days after the assassination and going to the funeral, how do we understand her and her psyche issues. >> you will find someone who has lost a spouse or someone very close to them -- during the days of the funeral and the ceremony, she said -- just keep on moving right now, we can collapse later. there were enough decisions that she had to make -- decisions about the presidential library, making sure that the children were as and as well of environment as possible. you cannot think of anything more abnormal than, the children lost their father this way. and once she got to georgetown she did almost collapse. this was late december and the beginning of spring. for the four of them, you can ask for more than she did with keeping the situation together. >> in the days before the trip to dallas, what was the popularity of the kennedy administration and mrs. kennedy? >> the president had suffered because of civil rights. he had fallen in the southern states and he was concerned. he was going to texas to try to connect to the party there and raise money for the 1964 campaign. this was really the kickoff for the presidential election campaign. gallup did not take regular polls about the first lady at that time. but early on, in 1961, she was polling at about 59%. and starting in 1960 gallup did take this -- the most admired woman pole. in 1962 she supplanted eleanor roosevelt, who had the number one for about 12 years, and mrs. kennedy was for about five or four years after that. and they had lost their baby patrick in august of 1963 and i think people felt kindness towards her. >> when john kennedy was planning his campaign in 1960 -- there was an offhand remark -- we will have to run her through subliminally. she had been raised in an elite way -- and she might not be too politically helpful. and there was no one who was more astounded and delighted that she had turned out this way. so in the state of texas -- john conley and the others in texas said, you have to bring mrs. kennedy. she is so popular and you will have much bigger crowds. >> i have to say that john kennedy was much more wealthy than she. so why would the public not react to his help? >> he felt as may political leaders that come from affluent backgrounds -- in 1957 she bought him a jaguar as a birthday gift. he had this returned -- but he felt she was not someone who had a lot of political experience, and in 1960 -- this might be a difficult -- >> she felt she was a drag on him in the early days. >> she said, i am sorry i'm such a drag for you. but this did not last long. >> i want to talk about the imagery of camelot. >> jackie kennedy asked teddy white, who was a family friend, to come up and interview her, with the idea of what she wanted to say would get into life magazine. she said, late at night, before jack and i were in the white house, wheeze to play the record of camelot. and needless to say, the editors and life thought, this would be the big thing -- and they may camelot the major theme of the article. when it came out, the kennedy presidency and camelot made its debut. in the end -- this may not have been something that helped. they were setting him up for the revisionary of the 1970s. >> she must have known that these would come along and that she could get out in front of them, with this wonderful shining moment. one brief, shining moment and there was a dark side of camelot but all you have to do is look at the imagery and see that they were a wonderful couple with beguiling children. >> to talk on the 1960s campaign that brought them to the white house -- we will do that throughout the program tonight. to learn more about her role in helping her husband during that campaign. >> mrs. kennedy spoke in rate length about president kennedy and his love of reading, his believe in the power of words, and this is a belief that they both shared. what i like about this story here, is it shows an example of the believe in the power of words, this is a great example of collaboration between husband and wife. this is early in the presidential campaign and in the early days, mrs. kennedy did travel with him as much as possible, and this is a reading copy of the speech he presented in washington state in june of 1959. mrs. kennedy was with him at that dinner, president kennedy had speechwriters and he would often rewrite his speeches up until the moment he was about to deliver it, and at this dinner, he wanted to close the speech with some verses from the great home, you'll he sees. and he asked mrs. kennedy, there is a note here. can you have the last line from you lisi's? and following in her hand is the rest of the poem, which she knew, from memory. and gave it to him to close his speech, with those words. >> we have a viewer who says, you rarely see mrs. candy in clips from the 1960s. because of the difficulty of her 1966 presidency, she was actively campaigning for her husband -- did she feel that she could not bear losing another baby when she was pregnant again? >> she had a terrible record in her pregnancy, she had lost a baby to miscarriage in 1965, and then as this person points out, she lost a little girl in 1956, right after that very hot, not air-conditioned -- >> she was really just afraid to go. i think what this person is referring to is about april -- april to 1960, she did tend to stay home, but she did go with the president of the, in 1962 manhattan, but she was great with child. the child would be john junior. >> then bradley also had a wife who was with child, and right after the election was one in hyannisport, he said to the two women, you can take the pillows out, we have one. >> what role did she play and you talked about the concern -- at one point does john kennedy realize he had a political asset? >> the moment that began to happen is when they went to paris in spring of 1961, and a lot of people turned out both to see john kennedy, and jackie. who was known to be -- of french ancestry, she spoke french and new french history -- and we will talk about this later on, in february of 1962, she did the tour of the white house she had worked so hard to restore. >> this is after she was in, she began to work on sustaining popularity. we will start with a few calls. ida in west palm beach, you are on the air. >> thank you, i am enjoying this series very much. i was only five years old when the president was assassinated, so i don't really remember it, but i have read so many books about the president and mrs. kennedy, i'm great admirer of hers. one of the biggest images was her pink stained suit, and after she removed it -- she did not want to remove it before they returned to washington, as she said, she wanted the world to see what had happened to him. what did become of that suit? was it destroyed or has it been preserved somewhere? and if so, where? and will it ever be shown to the public? >> as i understand, once she removed it, it was stored, i believe in her mother's attic. people are familiar with manchester -- the last paragraph of that book talks about what he saw, after some years went by, the package -- he could see the stains and if someone did not know the story of that suit, someone would say that the person who wore that has met a terrible end. >> they might even wonder who has been to blame. >> as we understand, with the archives, i understand that this is still missing but this is with the archives, caroline has made sure that it will not appear to the public before 2103. we will not see it. unless there are changes in medical science. >> mary, from utah, you are on. >> this has been amazing and wonderful, one of the best things on television. thank you for that. my question is, jacqueline kennedy, such a great style icon and known for that, her privates secretary, mary gallagher -- this was an issue with the president, the cost of the wardrobe. nothing was spent on her clothing. was she known as a frugal individual otherwise? thank you so much. >> not by her husband, if we answer truthfully. but she spent an awful lot on clothing, and by the best information we have, this was actually started by joseph kennedy, who said, just send me the bills. this is something that would be very important to that presidency. it turned out to be a great asset. >> this was a big story in the 1960 campaign, that she must have spent $30,000 a year on her wardrobe. >> they could not spend $30,000 >> pat nixon -- >> this was a close election, for the public. >> and she wore that to the inauguration. so next, i'm going to have jacqueline kennedy, in her own words. a project you know very well. the book that came out of this. the life of john f. kennedy -- which you annotated in introduced, and work with caroline kennedy on. what is this project? >> when jackie kennedy, right in the wake of the assassination, there was a story -- that her husband would not amount to much but she was so determined to help him win this reputation, one of the things that was urged on her by the white house aide and historian -- was to record all the history. which they spoke on briefly at the university of virginia. when there are historical events that may not be recorded, you go in an interview a great figure in history and try to fill in the gaps. she would be at her house in georgetown, about eight times, only a few months after the assassination, with her memories were fresh. the idea would be that she would speak freely, as it -- the historian of the 21st century. and this was in 2011 when caroline felt they should be published. >> has anyone else done a similar oral history. >> i am trying to think of that. >> lady bird johnson. >> there is a wonderful book. by oxford university press. all of her oral history interviews as well. >> this is a critique of lyndon johnson and his role as a vice president. >> as his running mate -- to the majority leader. he was raised and mocking jack in every way. jack would say, you can never get an opinion out of him. they asked to go to luxembourg. you can have a president who is dying to give you a lot to do. lyndon as vice president, he could just do anything. >> i want to read something from barbara's book before i get to michael. you said -- underneath a veil of lovely in consequence, she had tremendous awareness. people were struck by this -- she had a shrewd view of people, who the real people were and to the phonies were, those who are bright and those who were stupid. the papers were filled with her assessment. did john f. kennedy use this to his advantage as a political partnership. >> they had a mastery of television and that sort of thing. we will talk about the fact she did not have a major impact on policy, nor did she want one, and he did not talk to her about it. he did seek her out for advice. i think this is the case that if he was going to have any connection with her, at all, in terms of politics it would be when they went off on these trips or when they were coming back from political trips. she did go to 36 of the 48 states in 1969 and 1960, when they were out with the rank-and- file. she was on the phone with him, saying, that one is phony, that when israel, that one is stupid, that one is smart. >> you hear the people that she criticizes, the secretary of state -- these are the people who tended not to do too well in the kennedy administration, like robert mcnamara. they did not just listen to her. in those days, they went to taxes on the month of november and since the inauguration, jackie kennedy had never been west of virginia. she did not travel domestically, she had small children and did not campaign, and thought that this was something to do in an election year. this is why going to taxes meant so much. she said, jack, i will do anything to help you because this may be a close election in 1964. >> what do you learn about her savvy? >> you were mentioning what they said -- that someone had the impression of someone who was not involved in politics. before the election in 1960, and the convention of 1960, she was asked by a reporter where the democratic convention should be held. she said acapulco. >> she said these things, and she was not completely on top of it. this was the potential for those days. the entourage will not help them well -- this would not have helped him very much. in terms of the society in those days -- they were too hard edged, this would not have been political. >> catherine brown, the publisher of the washington post, to be honest, the kennedy men, they were chauvinists. and they weren't interested in what women had to say about anything. >> when did the tapes come out with the biography? >> the tapes came out thanks to michael and caroline kennedy in 2012, -- 2011, excuse me. much to my chagrin, the tapes were not available to write the book. so in her own words -- >> was this developed in the biography? >> i did. at first i wish i had these but then i realized that this was going to add color and substance, to be sure, and it would have added michael's superb annotation of the oral history. i found it actually follow the example that we just gave, talking about mrs. kennedy. i thought as i listened to this >> what also made me think about in terms of the camelot issue, with how she wanted to shape that image of her husband after his death. part of it may have been to raise him up. >> and also, just humanly. helping him on various things -- there is a good oral history. during the presidency, her relationship with lbj -- they said she was the only person in the whole entourage who treated them nicely. by spring of 1964, we are talking all the time -- lbj was talking to her about the shortcomings and you have to listen to that, with that in mind. >> we are talking about a first- person historical document. in the previous letters -- did jackie do that? >> in a phone conversation with lbj, she says, i have more handwritten letters from you than from jack. >> and trying to say in general he did not like to send letters to anyone. >> with the youngsters, the parents and the siblings. it was not romantic, to his wife. the letters are currently not available at the kennedy library. >> rachel is in portland, oregon. >> thank you so much for this program. i was wondering, how did jacqueline kennedy influence art and fashion in the united states? >> may i ask how old you are? >> i am 12. >> what a great question. >> how much did you know about jacqueline kennedy before you started watching tonight? why is that? >> i like reading history very much. and i really enjoy studying about her. and finding a book at the library -- >> thank you so much for making the effort to call in. we're going to talk about her -- let me start by showing a video. >> that was a good question. >> at her age -- john f. kennedy was the person i most admired. you could end up with -- in political science, this is a great life. >> we turn to the library -- and how they interpret her as a style icon. >> she is known as a style icon and has admiration for her fashion sense. the ensemble that she wore as first lady on inauguration day, this will coat and dress. this is just a wonderful example of -- this became very popular and the only thing that she wore during the ensemble, was a really beautiful ruby brooch, by tiffany's. that jfk actually gave her to celebrate the birth of john junior. and she wore that right after the swearing-in. and most famously, finishing the ensemble, what she wore that day. she wore that on her head so that her face could be seen, and then became a fashion trend. where the hat would normally be one -- worn on the very top of the head. but she used that to frame her face. and this is one of her best- known dresses, the dress that she wore during her televised tour of the white house in february of 1962. visitors are quite surprised to learn that this is a red dress. the program was filled in black and white and broadcast in black-and-white. she chose the color red for that program, knowing it would be televised on valentine's day, 1962. what's go into the museum and look at other examples of her clothing that we have on display. she put a lot of thought into her wardrobe, when she was represented in the country both at the white house and while traveling abroad. she talked about what colors would mean something to the country. so for her visit to canada in may of 1961, the first state visit that the kennedys made as president and first lady, she wore this red suit, as a gesture of respect, for the canadian maple leaf and knowing that she would be greeted by the royal canadian mounted police, who wear the color red. this is the green coat and hat worn by the first lady for her arrival in bogotá, colombia in 1961. they traveled throughout south america, and were greeted by hundreds of thousands of people, with an overwhelming response, particularly when she would address the crowds in spanish. i really admire the thought that she put into her wardrobe. you think about the event that she was attending, or the country she was visiting, was there a style of a particular color that she could wear that would mean something to her host? and she knew the advantages of wearing something that would make her stand out in a crowd. >> what do we know other than the fact that she loved clothes and looked great in them? how do we compare her fashion to influence the country, and advance the position of the united states abroad? >> she felt that it was best for the first lady to dress in the best of american fashion. and bring the best of american culture to the white house. she suffered a bit during the televised tour in 1962, suggesting that thewas no longer this unformed country, but a country worthy of being considered as a superpower. >> and that is where she goes to be a cold warrior. >> she helped to draw in, what we then called the third world countries. we were the new world and what better representation of the new world than the 33-year-old, young, fresh woman, with these youthful fashions. >> and the people in paris -- >> last week, eisenhower -- they set trends across the country and people were emulating her. and it was a couple of years before they were putting the bangs in their hair. >> you could get them on ebay, probably. >> we were talking about the ike sundress. this is not something that she would wear. this was an upping of the level of the style. she picked him because he was american, he had european ties and hollywood ties, but he said, i will create a wardrobe for you on the world stage. >> she said, i want us to dress as if -- the way that this happened worked better in public. >> how did the american public respond? >> by and large, they love that. but sometimes she would show up and up bathing suit, and sometimes you had conservatives who said, a first lady should not do that and if you think of the previous three first ladies they were not and they were in their 60s when they left office. they had grandchildren in some instances, and she seems like everyone's older sister rather than their aunt or their grandmother. >> let's take a call next, from judy, in newport news. >> we are really enjoying it, thank you so much. it seems to me i have heard her name pronounced as jaqueline. is this true? >> she preferred to be called that -- she was usually called jackie, which she hated. and she says in the oral history without the combination of jack and jackie was unfortunate. >> anthony in chicago. >> how are you doing today? >> what is your question? >> we are going to this in my high school class right now, as you all know, there was a film if i'm pronouncing his name right -- we were looking at this in class, this was graphic and horrifying, of course, but i was wondering, when he was shot -- was jacqueline kennedy trying to jump out of the car in that video, or was this just trying >> what year in high school? >> i am a junior likes the answer, we don't know why. she was asked about that in the war in commission. she said she was -- she did not remember, she was deeply in shock. >> would you show this in high school class? >> like the explosion of the challenger, i have not watched this, this is too painful and i would not show this to students. >> but this is widely available on the internet. >> is it helpful to talk about this in the classroom weather is a guided discussion? >> this would be a line i would be a line i would have to draw and i have to set out -- i would have to say i remembered that, being taken off to church -- the president had been wounded, and to be told at the end of the day, he had died and we said our last prayer of the day for him. i would have to step back to my scholarly side, -- scholarly side in the human. >> what would you think about the documentaries this month -- would she have the quote, i want them to see what they did. >> there is always the hazard in talking about a historical figure and what they may or may not have done. she was so worried that jack would be forgotten in 1962. she was asking to her friends and others, please don't let them forget jack. she did not approve of everything that was being shown, but this was a sign that he was not being forgotten. >> and the camelot label has remained. >> the young caller talked about her influence on the arts. and there is the kennedy library. and the trips she took to india and pakistan in 1962 along with her sister. let's watch that and then talk about her international travel. >> i am profoundly impressed with what you do in pakistan. and what you make of it now -- i think as i stand in these gardens, which were built before my country was born, they have survived this together and they always will. >> the interesting thing -- we were talking about the images of her in black-and-white, and here she is in color. >> this was the presidency and the president, who was aware of the importance of color photography, he was talking about plans for the 1964 democratic convention and said, i want to have a motion picture about the administration in color. one lucky thing for us, is the agency -- we have a color film that was very rare for the time. >> how many international trips did she take? >> this was by herself with her sister, but not with the president. it would be viewed as unofficial and we could talk about the canadian trip, her first trip out of the country, and in paris in june of 1961. they made several trips south of the border and went to puerto rico and colombia, and venezuela, and costa rica. where else have they gone? >> she felt it was not her duty to travel to mystically. >> she tended to travel by herself or with the family for vacations. >> she knew how important it was for her to go with him. >> how important was this to advancing foreign-policy? >> i think that for jackie to get the receptions like the kind that they did in 19 61, or when they went to vienna, this was 10 times -- the leader of the soviet union, nikita khrushchev, this was the time when the united states was trying to make the point that they were a rising power and the third world countries should align with us. >> next is dennis in brooklyn. you are on the air. >> thank you, susan, and thank you for the program. we have mentioned that mrs. kennedy had a big influence on the arts, style and culture. i am curious with how she finished that you quote earlier during the campaign -- she was incredibly well read, was this her education or her upbringing, that fueled her intelligence? >> it was both. she talked about, an autobiographical essay that she had done in 1951 -- she talked about her upbringing and said that she was a tomboy who like to go horseback riding, but she also like to be by herself and sit in a room, reading little lord fauntleroy, and she loved to read, with the european cast and she was an avid reader, much like her husband, but she tended to read literature and he would read history. and she had a superb background in education, both from prep school years as well as going through -- with her junior year abroad in paris, and finishing up the george washington university. a handful of first ladies at that time had an undergraduate degree. >> sometimes it is forgotten, her influence on historic preservation. now, we take it as a given, if there is a beautiful historic building, there better be a good reason to take that down. but years ago that was not the case, when the term urban or newly is used. if john kennedy in particular and jackie kennedy as first lady had not been the first lady in the 1960s -- the executive office building next to the white house would have been torn down, which white eisenhower was willing to do. he thought that this was an eyesore. part of the white house would be torn down. >> dolley madison -- the white house was lit up -- >> it would have been replaced by federal office buildings of the time -- a penitentiary and a prison yard. this really helped the historic preservation -- >> in the book you quote aldrich >> this was her schoolmate at miss porter's school. >> she wrote that mrs. kennedy designed her mission of first lady along the following lines. do you remember this? >> preservation of family, entertaining with style and grace in the number one house in the world, the makeover of the white house itself and the raising of the cultural stature of this country. >> wasn't that amazing that she wrote that before going into the white house. she already had a firm sense -- family and children first. everyone would hope that would be the case but she already had a mission statement before she began as the first lady. >> the next clip is from an interview that was done about raising children in the white house. >> it is rather hard with children. there is so little privacy. i don't mind for myself -- but i think it is hard with them, i wanted to take my daughter to the circus last week and decided, i just shouldn't because that would ruin it for her. i worked so hard to make a little ballet school a private thing we can do together and there were a number of photographers when we got there. >> do you think caroline, who is older than john junior, has she changed much from the attention she has gotten? >> she is still too little but someday she is going to have to go to school, and if she is always in the papers, that will affect her classmates and they will treat her differently. we are always treating her the same, but this is about how other people treat her, because they have read about her. >> many of you talk about the school that they created in the white house. how was this created, what the goal was and how the public received this. >> we heard about that right here, she was worried about caroline, who, when her family with her father became president, she would have been three years old. she felt it may be more normal for her, if she went to school at the white house solarium, that room on the top of the white house. they had other kids about the same age, children of other members of the administration. and at the time of the assassination -- this was 1963, one thing that lbj did do, he said the school can go on to the end of the semester. >> but there was a controversy, all the children worldwide. >> there was a photograph that shows the class picture, of caroline and her schoolmates, and there is one african- american boy, i think he was the son of andrew hatcher, but they were receiving -- >> the president came over to address them by name -- you must have been told that i was the one with the blue pin. >> the african-american student. >> there was the height of concern over integration and people were riding into the white house and asking, are there any, they would say, negro childen in the class and they had to say this was a private school, not a public school, which would have to follow the brown versus board of education edict. >> we have more on the candy administration -- with the presidential history happening for the first lady. the creation of the peace corps, the advancement of the space program, and the cuban missile crisis. the introduction of civil rights legislation, sending military advisers, increasing the number of military advisers -- do you want to comment on those in particular, and the historical relevance of the administration? >> one thing is, how much did he engage with the controversial issues of his time. domestically and with civil rights -- john kennedy had two and a half years and after that he had the first big civil rights bill before congress to say that they should be integrated. domestically, the cold war, the cuban missile crisis. some elements of what he did lead to the cuban missile crisis. the moment it happened i want john kennedy as my president, because this did not result in the deaths of 48 million americans, which could have happened. these are as vital today as they would have been at the time. >> he said the term, fiasco, the failure to remove castro. but because president kennedy made a press conference and said, i am the responsible officer of this government -- his approval ratings went up to 83%. >> and also, when the soviet missiles went into cuba, the joint chiefs said it -- you won't taking much of a risk, he knew to be skeptical of them in a way that he was not at the time. >> and he refashioned his entire administrative procedure by making these kinds of decisions. >> andrew, from south carolina. you are on. >> thank you for having me on. i was wondering how -- what was her astrological sign and how this shaped her world view. >> she was interested in astrology. >> she was born on july 28, 1929. i think that this is leo. my wife was born on the same day. >> where is the woman who came to see them -- with the astrological signs of the entire kennedy family? listening to her in these videos, regina wants to know, did they speak with the same pauses in normal conversations as what they show on television. >> he did not. i think she never expressed herself on this. some people commented that in public, she spoke in a way that was very careful, sometimes a little bit stilted, and there explanation is that she had in her mind the way a first lady should look and act, and the way a first lady should sound, which is different from how she sounded off duty. >> but her mother and sister also had that. there is a label, called -- this is for the oyster bay area of long island. but this is what she said to me. we all spoke that way, with the lock job. this is exactly what michael said and the other part is the whispery part of that. her dad had said this was a way to attract men. i always look at the photographs of mrs. kennedy in conversation with powerful men and foreign dignitaries, and oftentimes she is very close to them, with a strapless gown, just tucked up under their arms, and i have the sense that she is using that voice and she just enveloped -- even as a teenager, she would speak to a young man, you will really brought into her orbit. clearly, this work. >> when she wrote letters, she wrote some of the best letters, romantic, almost overdoing it, saying how wonderful someone was, this was one of the best evenings of my life when maybe it had not been. people were so charmed by these things that they felt they were much closer. [laughter] >> next is craig, in omaha. >> thank you for your call. what is on your mind? >> i love your book, for starters. i own a 1962 kennedy board game. my question is, how did she feel about her image, being put out like that? >> a kennedy board game. i was given a deck of cards by a student of mine who had all of the kennedy family on the faces of the cards. i doubt she would be pleased with that, but she had to know that these things were happening, and she had approved a paper doll collection that would have shown caroline as a paper doll dressed up like a first lady. >> this was from the political advisers in the west wing, she barely tolerated things like this. she thought they were other and she hated it when it involved her children. the best-selling record of that time -- in history, von meter, imitating jfk. she was outraged that there would be an actress playing her. >> we are in the height of the mad men era. the creation of the political campaigns that came from madison avenue. she had to recognize the political value in all of this. >> many of the pictures -- that we most treasure of jfk and those children -- you may notice that there is no jackie. these were taken when she was oftentimes out of the country and not in a position to object when they said, get the photographers in. >> that is a nice segue. i want to talk to both the you about the relationship tween the press and the kennedy administration, and how jacqueline kennedy interfaced with the press. when you look back at those times, people talk about the friendliness of the press corps. the relationship between the washington post editors, and the kennedy administration. how does this look to you now? >> much more genteel in almost every respect about private lives. kennedy thought that the press was at his throat all the time, but compared to nowadays, it looks extremely different. her attitude was at the beginning of the administration she said -- your policy with the press should be giving out minimal information with maximum politeness. >> we show a picture of jacqueline, with ben bradley, and his arm is around her. you look at how close that relationship was, and what is at stake. >> you may notice that the original picture showed a little bit more of her legs, and she was so close to bradley -- they moved her hand in a little bit so the dress was a little bit longer and more like a first lady. the other thing -- upstairs in the white house -- this is very different than how it may have been during the eisenhower's. >> they were neighbors -- and he went on to become the editor of the washington post and we got to know him from all the presidents men. but he was also the editor of newsweek at that time. he had been the neighbor of the kennedys along with his wife. and they were good friends and continued their friendship. as you can see the beautiful videos taken in the last weeks of the northern virginia home right before the assassination are with the bradleys and they were brought in in the afternoon of the assassination to be with the children and they went out to be with jackie. >> does it serve the public well? >> i'm sure not. >> the president did not talk to months.about 6 >> likewise, mrs. kennedy dropped him from her friendship when he wrote "conversations with kennedy" and he thought it was an invasion of privacy. they were thin skinned. >> robert from plano, texas, hi, robert. guest: how are you doing? i'm interested in the relationship between christine onassis and jaclyn onassis. i heard she was deceased and i want you to expound a little bit on their relationship. what was it like? >> there aren't great source on that as historians. we have to stick with things we can talk about that with certainty. i don't know if you want to come in on this -- >> i would say it's pretty obvious they had a fight over the onassis will and that mrs. kennedy at that time, mrs. onassis did fight to get more money from the family and that she was successful in doing that. so there's no love loss between the two of them, probably. >> one hour left in our two-hour look at jackie kennedy's life and her accomplishments and approach to the role of first lady. when when he talk about how the press interfaced and how they might have been gentler than two issues that were very much apart of jack kennedy's biography to talk about, first of all, his health. there are many things we know now about the severity of the back pain and addison's disease and the like. why did we not know more about it at the time? >> he would not have been elected president in the 1960. there were rumors that he suffered from addison's disease, which he did. >> we should say rumors spread by lyndon johnson and others. >> and others, sure. there was an effort by his entourage to protect him and say he didn't suffer from addison's disease but not the classic kind. that was what was done. in recent years, we've gotten access to his medical records that showed he suffered from all sorts of things, bad stomach, bad back. all sorts of thing, many medications. you can look at this one way or another. you can say this is a terrible cover-up we should have known. probably we should have. at the same time, if you're trying to evaluate what the man was made of to go through all of that, his brother once said jack kennedy went through at least half of his days on this earth in intense physical pain, probably true. and that is a test of someone who had great will. >> the last rites of the church said over him three or four times prior to dallas, 1963. >> i'd like for you to tell a story that you tell in your book about early in his marriage when he has experimental surgery on his back. she as a young wife tends to him. >> it's so difficult for him in the first few years because the back gets worse. we think first from a football injury in college and then slammed against the bulkhead of pt-109 in the midst of world war ii. between than and taking cortisone for a bad stomach, robert believes in consulting with doctors that caused a deterioration of the lumbar. so in the early part of their marriage in '54, he has this experimental fusion attempt to be made of the lumbar region and they place a metal plate in his spine and it just -- he suffers a terrible, terrible infection that almost kills him. and then -- >> reduced immune response. >> from the addison's disease. then it won't heal. the wound won't heal. here's jacqueline kennedy, a newlywed, a young woman, she's with him once they get to palm beach in the hospital. she has to dress this gaping wound. he goes back under the knife a few months later. they remove the plate and have a slightly more successful surgery but he suffers periodic bouts of severe back pain for the rest of his life. >> also led her to be very skeptical of doctor, one of the most poignant things that in parkland hospital in dallas when he was there and the doctors were working on him after the shooting. the doctors and the nurses said you can't come in here, and she said i'm going to be there when he dies. the reason was when she went through this in 1954, she remembered how the doctors said you can't be near him even though she heard him calling for her. >> ted in ft. lauderdale, florida. hi, ted, you're on. >> cute story -- jackie when she lived in manhattan. i believe they lived in an apartment building on fifth avenue. right next door in one of the apartment buildings was greta garbo. and jackie was a great greta garbo fan. and she would watch and when she'd see greta garbo on the street, i don't want to use the word stalk, because that's too cruel. but she would follow her going into a store. she would follow her in never speaking to her but looking at her and saying, oh, there's greta garbo. a person she really loved and admired. >> she knew greta garbo. >> she did? >> that's what i wanted to hear. >> 1963, greta garbo came for dinner and len billings had known greta garbo in europe, spent some time with her. so j.f.k. spent a joke on his schoolmate. that len is going to fawn all over greta garbo. greta comes in and has dinner and len billings begins to talk to greta and greta said, i've never met this man before in my life. >> prep school pranksters. >> a quote in his book in unfinished life that i wanted to introduce the other topic with the relationship to the press. that is john kennedy's womanizing. this is one thing he wrote. kennedy had affairs with several women, including pamela turnure, jackie's press secretary, mary pinchot meier, ben bradley's sister-in-law, two white house secretaries playfully dubbed fiddle and fadle. judith campbell exner and a full slender beautiful intern. how much of this did the press know and not report? >> ben bradley who i talked to at great length insists he did not know, did not know about his own sister-in-law being involved with jfk. so in retrospect, there was a feeling this was better known or better documented than it may have been at the time. >> in your biography, you talk about the fact that his reputation as a womanizer was known when he was a senator in washington. she was well aware of this reputation as they were dating. what do we know about mrs. kennedy's knowledge about how much it continued after the marriage? and if so, how she felt about it? >> well, bless her heart, she kept her counsel on most of the time. she didn't write a memoir, she didn't go on oprah and tell all. >> or even tell some. >> that's a great credit to her. so we think she may have a couple of times let out in anger, perhaps, in french, both instances, where she made a reference to someone who might be having an affair with her husband in private. one could only speculate what that was like in the marriage and what tension it must have brought to the marriage, especially the early marriage when he was having all of the medical problems and she was having trouble with her pregnancies as well. >> both -- a question for both of you. when you look back knowing now what we know about the tensions in their marriage and the challenges they faced, what was the relationship like? how strong a marriage did this seem? with your documentary edits? >> i think it was a real relationship. and probably perhaps happiest at the very end. she certainly says the happiest years were in the white house. i think that was true. and there's a lot of evidence to suggest after they lost a son, patrick, in august of 1963, they became a lot closer. for instance, you see them holding hands. >> at love field on the last day of his life in a way that you had not seen before. >> she would say that in the oral history, wouldn't she? she would say my husband didn't like to kiss babies or kiss me. he would not hold my hand or kiss me after the inauguration. you remember his touching very gently his cheek. and at the end you want to say oh, jack, what a day. that speaks volumes. and when they came out of the hospital after poor patrick passed away after two days, he is holding her hand and when they take the helicopter back to hyannis and they come down the steps, he's helping her because she's gone through the cesarean section. a few weeks later, he's helping her down the steps and comes down herself. i had not seen that before. ben bradley says on september of nsa 9 -- ben bradley said on '63, he thought he saw them closer than ever. when they came together for newport for their anniversary, he said he had never seen her greet him so warmly. >> that is for all of the reasons she was distraught and devastated about what happened on the 22nd of november, it was that much worse because if you assume there was new hope and warmth in this, you can imagine it's going through her head. >> i don't have a number. but she did for instance go to italy in the summer of 1962 with her sister and her daughter. >> i'm asking the question -- we've talked about international trips before. did she intentionally get out of washington? >> oh, yes. for instance, they ran at an estate called glen aura, middleburg, virginia the first two years where she rode horses. she thought for if children the more she could get them away from the white house and press attention, the better it would be on them and her. >> camelot in the lens jackie wanted jfk's presidency to be remembered was discuss. was this an effort on their part to hide their issues? >> i think not specifically. in some sense. but it was her effort to get people to look at that period and for years, it was successful. >> so her time in the white house, the things we should talk about which contributions, entertaining and the arts. what did she do on this level to introduce the public to aspects of american culture that perhaps they might not see before. >> you mentioned entertainment. first of all, i counted up 16 state dinners, only 1,032 days in the white house. compared, for example, to george bush 43. they might have had a half dozen or so in the eight years, for a host of reasons, 9/11 security issues. laura bush didn't like to entertain that way. the kennedys loved it. they would have third world leaders come and they would draw them in. they would have the lively arms. >> people remark that mamie and ike would have fred wearing and the pennsylvanians. >> big band music. >> will rogers. >> military. >> where as the kennedy had ballet and public -- >> and opera. there was that. the fine arts, she had the fine arts committee bringing paintings, attracting paintings to the white house. that was my favorite story. the mona lisa coming to washington and to new york. and then the picture of her standing in front of it in this gorgeous strapless pink gown with one of her arm tucked up under the art minister of france is priceless. >> she saw things aesthetically and knew those things would be important which we saw in the four days in november of 1963. but if you see a way a president nowadays sees a state visitor, that's all jackie kennedy is doing, between eisenhower and the predecessors. you have a state dinner and dining room, a big table in the shape of an e. the president, the first lady, the visitors would be at the long side of this. it was very formal and military looking. it was her idea that she should have round tables that encourage conversation and you should have a pageant on the south grounds perhaps with performers that harken back to the revolutionary period. even air force one, she had prepared with the design we see now adays, she knew that plane landing in the foreign airport looking the way it does is a tool of america's diplomacy. >> it was her idea to greet the visitors. make it a ceremony. otherwise it would be at union station or international airport. >> jessica in irwin, pennsylvania. hi, jessica. >> thank you for this series. so much fun. i'm curious to know since she's so lovely, did she have a regular exercise regimen? and what was her diet like? >> she certainly walked a lot. her favorite sport was as most people know equestrian. she was very good. her mother spent a year, freshman year at street briar college in virginia. they're known for their equestrian program. >> that was subtle in there. >> thank you very much. she would go back after those years and she would train there. he said she was a very good equestrian. this started when she was just walking, she was in the saddle. so that was her favorite way to get out and get fresh air. we the tell she watched her diet, ate carefully and exercised well. >> we're giving the good points, she was a smoker. >> she was a smoker. it was something that was very well hidden. sometimes she would smoke putting a cigarette in an ivory holder which would not have been the most helpful thing. she water skiied, the aforementioned album of the first family there's one skit where john kennedy -- john glenn is called to hyannis port for the mission and said get down to the dock and put on your water skis, jackie's waiting. >> she took caroline out and pulled her up on the skis with her. that generated letters, how dare you put your child in danger that way. >> we talked about the white house administration. the truman administration, they gutted the white house, the trumans, and completely restored the framework. what specifically did jackie kennedy? >> what happened under harry truman was that for structural reasons we saw two weeks ago in the excellent series, the white house had to be gutted in a steel superstructure put inside eight inches away from the outer walls. that's what's there now adays. it turned out the be so expensive there was not much money left to buy furniture. so harry truman made a great deal to furnish the whole ground floor in bulk with good prices, reproductions. jackie got there after the election of 1960 she feels aghast. she said it looked like a statler hotel which she did not mean as a compliment. it was not convincing reproductions. so this mother of two, with other things to think about, took on what was this enormous project of raising a huge amount of money of art and artifacts. she wanted it to be in europe. for foreign leaders to come to the white house and look like a hotel. threadbare and reproduction. it cast a bad light on the united states. if you liked the way the white house looks nowadays, we should thank jackie kennedy. >> we've been telling people all along that our partners are the folks for the white house historical association. we should say that. but it was created in this time. what was the story of the creation? what did it do then? >> it helped her to restore the white house and acquire artifacts. she was worried that when she was no longer first lady, the next first lady may not be so interested in history and may have a sister-in-law that ran a curio shop somewhere who decided they would redecorate in perhaps the style of the late 1940s or something that was more contemporary. so she thought if there was an historical association, that would be one bullwart to prevent future first ladies from turning it backwards back to before the period in which it -- which it becomes a great museum. >> the precedent for the other two branches of government. quickly, congress establishes its own historical society and the supreme court did about ten years later. >> looking at the press conference of a white house buy -- guide that came out. it's still in print. since the debut in 1962, 4.5 million books of these books have been sold. >> they have. she remembered going -- >> you'd like to have a number like that, huh? >> i think maybe not by the government -- not for $1 apiece. >> yeah. >> the book is in a class of its own and should be. 1940, she went to the white house as a 10 or an 11-year-old girl. she was disappointed there was not a guide book. >> nothing to take away, she said. >> that was important. she knew this could generate income to help with the restoration. and that guidebook has been revised and revised and sold today. >> the curator at the time was writing the text. jackie didn't like the way it was coming out. so she went to her friend -- >> told him it was going a little slowly. >> she went to arthur schlesinger. she asked if he would write the text. she wrote the introduction. >> you referenced the televised tour of the white house when the white house was completed and it was a p.r. bonanza for the administration. what were the circumstances of the tour? who televised it. how many people watched it? >> cbs televised it. >> it was shown on all networks. >> the two, maybe up to three by abc and coming on-line then. so she goes throughout the white house. now remember we're talking about 90% of the house holds having televisions. even though it's in black and white and we can't see her bright red dress on valentine's day, by today's standards, it's stilted. people fell in love with it. they think there were 56 million viewers. they think three out of four viewers watched it. one little boy wrote to her and said i really liked it. my dad was going to watch "maverick," a western at the time. i talked him to this. she received a fan letter from barbara bush, feature first lady. behind the iron curtain, 106 countries around the world. she won a special emmy for it. so it was a real high point. >> kennedy loved it. he couldn't believe what people was saying. he would have thought, i think he said this, here we have my wife, you know, raising money, buying art and artifacts and furniture. interesting to us. but to most americans, it will seem different from their way of living. it had exactly the opposite impact of what made people love this project that should take on -- >> he did the cameo. he comes in and does a little cold war vignette when he talked about how important the freedom of the united states is and how important the white house is. >> she thought it was one of the worst performances. one of their friends said, i thought it was so great, i cried when i watched jackie's performance. and jack said, yep, i cried when i saw my performance too. >> as you know you've been watching, very robust websites. first ladies were all of the videos of the programs are archived but also the other videos and each first lady are accessible. each week we put a special item for you to see for the first lady being fie features. you can see her special emmy for the white house tour. i do want to mention the first lady's book, which you can find there. it's a guide to the biographies of every first lady. it's available at cost. if you're interested in a souvenir of the series or the history of the women we've been profiling all year, it's a link you can find it at $12.95, something along those lines. this is katie, she's watching us in san francisco. hi, katie. >> thanks for the program. i've been enjoying it every week. i wrote my thesis about jaclyn jacqueline kennedy and her support of the fine arts. i would ask you to talk about her relationship and if the american public liked that relationship with him being a frenchman and how he helped with the white house restoration. >> i don't think he had a direct impact on the restoration. >> except taking her through versailles and showing her -- >> giving her a model to follow. but in bringing the mona lisa. michael might want to speak to this. i thought she was more admiring of him than she seemed to indicate in the oral history. she talks about the sadness that he had experienced when she met with him in 1961 in paris. he and his wife lost two sons in a tragic car accident. he was meeting with her even under those circumstances. she admired him for that. she admired the literature to be sure and being frank fillic about all things. >> gary robertson wants to know, what would jackie say she's most proud of in her white house years after being first lady. >> she said in the oral history, i think, she said she was proud of the restoration. she probably wouldn't have used the word "proud" because she probably would have said one of the things i did i felt was most important. the other thing gets almost no attention at the time. that is it's a very important egyptian historic site that was temples in danger of being eroded by the nile that she worked with congress and jfk to save and did -- and the result was that the egyptian government, nassar at the time, said all right, thank you, mrs. kennedy, we'll send something to the united states of ours. it was a temple she hoped would be built in washington wound up put in the metropolitan museum in fifth avenue in new york. she saw it every morning. it was right outside her bedroom window at the apartment house she lived in. >> grand central station too. >> later on. not as first lady. >> later in life, would she have been proud of those. she would have used those terms, no doubt. >> she drew a very thick line the things that happened when her husband was president. she felt things that happened before and after, they weren't. and some of the accounts of her destroying letters at the very end of her life with that in mind. >> who was jacqueline bouvier? we want to tell you about her early biography and the interest she developed as a young woman. return to the kennedy library to learn more about her early years as a writeever. >> from a young age, she liked to write. she would create poems as gifts to her parents on christmas and birthdays. she would write a poem and illustrate it. we have two early examples when she was 10 years old. while at the school in connecticut when she went to high school, she wrote a really wonderful essay called be kind and do your share. she said be kind and do your share, that's all there is to it. she goes on about how helping others in life is so important and how easy it is for us to say a kind word to someone and all of the difference it can make to this person. the scrapbook is called one special summer after graduating from school. jackie and a sister lee on a summer through europe. as a token of appreciation for that gift, they collaborated together on the scrapbook to give to their parents to let them know what their adventures were. and it's a combination of snapshots that they took. handwritten descriptions of the different places they visited, the people they met. wonderful and whimsical sketches done by jackie. in the fall of 1950, jaclyn bouvier entered vogue's very well known writing contest. the prix de pari contest. she won the contest. her two winning essays, one was a self-portrait, where she described herself as tall, 5'7", brown hair, a small face, and eyes so unfortunately far apart that it takes three weeks to have a pair of glasses made to have a bridge to fit over my nose. her example and her love of writing and the power of wordsth -- words that she's asked in question three of the essay, who are three people in history you wish you knew. in addition to that, the russian ballet. in the early 1950s, jaclyn bouvier was hired as the camera girl in "the washington times" herald on display here. she went through the streets of washington interviewing different people and asking questions and creating columns. one column is prophetic because she interviewed john f. kennedy and nixon who would be adversaries in the 1970s campaign. i think the example of the early writings, and she did write throughout her life. but if her life had been different, she would have been a writer of some kind, maybe even professionally. and we know in her later life, the last part of her life, she was a prolific editor of books in new york city working on different authors with books of several topics. >> put the basic facts on the table. where was she born, to whom, and to when? >> she was born in the hamptons in 1929 just before the stock market crashed in the summer of that year. her parents were john and janet bouvier. he had been an investment banker on wall street but lost his savings in the stock market crash. she continued to summer with grandfather bouvier called grandpa jack. they would write poetry and memorize poetry together. her mother was a strict disciplinarian but both sisters lee and jackie grow up in a broken home. their parents separate when jackie is 7 and they divorce when she's 12 and it's a very bitter acrimonious divorce because her father was a womanizer and somewhat of an alcoholic. >> his nickname was black jack? >> black jack, also the name of the horse and the funeral coincidentally in november of 1963. she had this insecure childhood. but the interesting thing is if you looked at her, didn't know any of this, you would have thought she had the most perfect early years. probably an heiress. her father was so short on money that when she was farmington in high school, she later said that sometimes she would worry they would not be able to pay the tuition at the end of the tournament. she might have to leave. so we were talking about the strength of will and where it came from. this is someone who live in a way that was much more elite than 99% of human beings but at the same time, had its difficulties. >> father struggled with alcoholism. >> indeed. >> the extent of the wealth of her background of her family is important to understand the role she brought to it. >> her father's family had been in finance. it was the family money that was lost. her money -- her father, her mother married an affluent man. >> he was not in the business of endowing his new wife's two children. she needed the salary. >> she liked to work. >> she was a worker. >> how did that affect her exposure to the city? how did she develop an affinity to this place? >> michael mentioned she made the first trip to the white house when she was preadolescent at 11 or 12 years old. that is her introduction to washington, d.c. when her mother marries him, they're married at marywood at michigan state. they summer at newport. that's her introduction of the culture of washington. jackie kennedy would say, oh, her first trip at that time to the national art gallery when she fell in love with art and the wonderful feeling it gave her to view art and sculpture. >> this was a life of privilege. >> she lived on a huge estate. she was always the poor relation. i'm not making an argument that she lived in hardship given the way most of human kind does and did live. but this is someone who felt there were challenges. >> she didn't know what her future would be but to marry well. which she did. >> what was the attraction that kennedy's family was very, very wealthy. >> it wasn't love at first sight. there wasn't chemistry immediately. when they were first introduced by the famous dinner party by the charlie bartels in 1951, there were no sparks. he seemed to want to ask her out. when he went out with her, there was another beau waiting for her, another male friend waiting for her. it was another year. >> what was the age different? >> he was born in 1917, she in 1929. 12 years. >> they met several times before? >> she first met him on a train. she wrote about it. she said this congressman with reddish brown hair i met on the train, i don't think she had ever heard of him. she had a book and a famous ambassador to england, that was not her world. >> he didn't remember. >> next up. you're on the air. >> what was her favorite hobbies? what did she like to do in her spare time? >> all right, thank you. sounds like we have another student watching us tonight. can you tell us about yourself? >> i'm 12 years old. >> doing wonderfully with 12-year-olds tonight. thank you for calling. >> i love history and watching channels and learning new things every time i turn on the tv. so i saw this channel and i decided to ask a question because i love history. >> i'm from chicago. >> how perfect be 12 the same age as jaclyn bouvier when she went to the white house? >> you asked about her hobbies. >> they put her in a saddle. she loved being in equestrian competitions. her mother was a rider. she loved all things canine as well. you see her with dogs. she liked to show dogs in competition. lots of dogs around them oftentimes even in the white house though the president was allergic to cats, dogs, and horses. so and she loved the solitude of reading, writing, and poetry and art. she started younger than you doing those hobbies. >> introduction to john kennedy. what was mrs. kennedy's relationship with president kennedy's siblings and siblings in law? how did she get along with the rest of the kennedy family? >> at first, she found it hard. i'm particularly glad to have a japanese question here given the fact that caroline kennedy is about to go to tokyo for president obama's ambassador to japan. she was an introvert. she liked to read. the kennedys are gregarious and extroverted. took her a while to get used to that. >> her sister-in-laws didn't like the debutante way of speaking. she'd prefer to read a book. >> this is talking about the life as a young wife of a senator. >> it might be like being a doctor's wife. you must be on call all the time. you don't know when he's on call. >> i suppose it is like being married to a doctor. they have such late hours, go away at a moment's notice. >> you are alone a good deal of the time then? >> yes. >> are you active in committees? or is your job big enough taking care of jack? >> that's it. >> yeah, now jack -- >> you're brighter in this shot. >> you do it for him? clumsy. does he tell you what's going on his trips when he comes back. >> at breakfast, he reads about seven papers and runs out the door. he is describing something to him. he's not reading the paper there. >> you talk to her sometimes. >> i do, i do. all the time. >> and enjoy it, i'm sure. >> what should we take away from this and how she's describing the early days of her marriage. >> so fascinating, it's april of 1957, november of 1957, they had the first child, caroline. i guarantee you if they did that scene a year later, they would not be posing with a dog. >> was the relationship easy from the beginning or tough to get adjusted to many travels being on the road campaigning? >> it was very tough. we mentioned the medical problems that she had with the child bearing that he had with his back and other ailments. but he was gone so often. they also didn't have their own home. they tried hickory hill, which famously then became the robert f. kennedy homestead with his wife, ethel and 11 children living there. but jackie and jack had bought that. they fought to start their family. when she began to have the miscarriages and stillborn children, it was too painful. so they moved back into town. >> one of the small facts i realized is that she brought to hickory hill, which is across the river to mclean, virginia. >> it was there. it had been owned by general mcclellan at the civil war. >> the mansion had been there. >> jack and jackie sold it to bobby when they realized they would not be able to fill it with children. she spent all her time in '55 and '56 decorating it only to lose the children and the nursery and special shelves for jack so he would haven't to bend over or reach too high. it became a sad symbol. she was so isolated there. if they were in georgetown when they first rented a home and were first married, she could go back and forth to capitol hill and take him lunch. she was so completely isolated there they left. >> a facebook viewer wants to know if there were any known medical condition for all of her problem pregnancies. >> smoking could have been. she was a chain smoker. several packs a day. if that didn't lead to the actual pregnancies themselves, the lung conditions that john jr. and patrick who succumbed to it. and possibly the presidents, some of his medical conditions, perhaps even stds could have led to the problems with pregnancy. >> did jackie share john's drive to be president or was she comfortable as a senator's wife? >> she was comfortable as a senator's wife and was threatened by the notion of being first lady. i talked to fdr jr., a friend to both of them. he said that jackie essentially panicked after jack won the presidency in 1960. she didn't expect it. she was terrified by the adverse effect on their marriage and family life for them to be president and for her to be first lady. and he said to fdr jr., please talk to jackie and convince her it's not going to be bad. >> we have less than 20 minutes left. a long post white house life to cover. i want to go back to the 1964 video clip, film clip in those days. this is a message though the nation about all of the condolences messages that came to the white house. let's watch. >> i wanted to take the opportunity to express my appreciation to the hundreds of thousands of messages, nearly 800,000 or more, which my children and i received over the past few weeks. the knowledge of the affection in which my husband was held by all of you has sustained me and the warmth of these tributes are something i will never forget. when ever i can bear to i read them. a bright light gone from the world, all of you who have written to me know how much we all loved him and he retained that love in full measure. it is my greatest wish that all of these letters be acknowledged. they will be, but it will take a long time to do so. but i know you will understand. each and every message is to be treasured. not only for my children, but so future generations will know how much our country and people in other nations thought of him. your letters will be placed with his papers in the library to be erected in his memory along the charles river in boston, massachusetts. >> she talked about the establishment of the library. can you talk about what she did to preserve and enhance the legacy of john kennedy's presidency? >> it did start with the library. jfk looked at what was going to be the site of his presidential library on the boston side of the charles across the river from most of harvard. she started to raise money for it and she began to think about who should be the architect. most people would have found an established architect like edward dorrel stone who did the kennedy center here in washington, known for doing government buildings and in my view surpassing ugliness and massiveness. she employed one that was little known because she was thought he was much more in the spirit of j.f.k. who was young and was not well known himself. >> she also -- speaking of architect. the president with john carl weirneke. he had helped her with the saving of lafayette square and putting in low rise brick buildings that blended in. he designed the grave site. she worked hard with him on that as well. >> two years ago, they looked >> shed a great interest in history. as a matter of that when caroline was tanking about whether the oral history that i worked on and we have been talking about and they looked for a piece of paper and it turned -- and not left a piece of paper saying it should be closed for 100 years which some people thought, but she did tend to err on the side of these things should be closed for a longer time rather than a shorter time. from my experience, political leaders and their families tend to overdo it and keeping things closed. think that things will be sensitive and damaging sometimes to be opened earlier than they will turn out to be. lbj would be horrified that his tapes were open given some of the language and would be shocked to find that many of the conversations that he thinks would have shown him as an uncouth back woodsman is what makes him cool. >> they've worked on the papers, receiving grants and donations to process them. they have released and they did for the 1962 and 2012 anniversary of the white house tour, they have begun to release mrs. kennedy's papers as they relate to the restoration. since i had to write that book without that available, arthur schlesinger's papers are a wonderful cache of mrs. kennedy's papers. he was an historian. >> the ufs was the first-called first ladies. >> in the east wing. >> dan watching, dan, what's your question. >> one comment and a quick question. the comment didn't understand how important the zapruder film was shown it in high school. as a 40-year-old high school history teacher, students in high school associate this young president to being in their lives also as a young man. students did in that time. and it's been the image that he's such a young dynamic man. the videotape showed it at the library, what was the relationship with the nixons? either president nixon or pat nixon? and mrs. kennedy after she left the white house? thank you again for a great series. >> the relationship was better than one might think. jackie kennedy found it appalling she would have to return to the white house after 1963. she thought it would be much too painful. she told the secret service agents in washington drive in a way i will never have to see the white house. i'll start crying again, one exception. 1970-1971, her and j.f.k.'s portraits were painted by the artist. they were about to be displayed in the nixon white house. the nixons said why don't you come down and see them quietly. she felt she owed it to jfk to do that. she brought her children, it was a totally off of the record visit they had dinner and she wrote to president nixon afterwards, she said a moment that i always dreaded, meaning returning to the white house, turned out to be one of the most important days i've ever spent with my children. so she was grateful to nixon for that. in later years she wasn't happy with nixon, particularly in watergate. a number of things that nixon tried to damage the reputation of kennedy. >> she saw robert kennedy assassinated. the two were close. >> they were. thank goodness she wasn't in los angeles. >> yeah. >> but to have to go through that yet again. yes, they had been close. >> how concerned was she about security for herself and her children after -- >> terribly concerned after that. she supposedly said if they're killing kennedys, my children could be next. financial and physical security became so important to her. that was probably part of the attraction to mr. onassis. >> four months after rfk's death, she married. >> what happened? >> she was pulled off of the pedestal. people were outraged. many were outraged she would marry anyone at all rather than be an eternal widow, but particularly to marry someone who was this much older, not an american, and who was under some suspicion by the united states government, some of the financial activities. >> do we know that it was a happy relationship? >> i think of something her sister said not too many years ago about someone saying how could she have been attracted to such a man after being married to jack kennedy. her sister said, by the way, who had also had a romance with him prior to her sisters. >> meaning onassis? >> yes, not her brother-in-law. and she said he was quite charismatic. she said the way he moved and the way he looked and he may not have been a typical gq representation of a beautiful attractive man, but she was. she liked all things greek, she liked greek mythology and poetry. she found great comfort in the tragic poets of greek that she introduced brother-in-law robert to. so we can't say she wasn't attracted to him at all. but certainly the money and the physical security. he had his own island, scorpios. >> how long did it last? >> from '68 when he died in 1975. they were somewhat estranged. >> she would say that the marriage was quite good until january of '73 when aristotle onassis son died in an accident and he blamed her. >> did she come back to new york city? >> she did. something many people did not expect. she decided to go to work and get a real job. she became an editor and then at double day. this was not someone who was just there for show business and acquiring bookings. she actually edited with great intensity. her authors were hugely loyal to her. so the last years of her life, she was happier than she'd often been in life. she had a relationship with a fine man, maurice, who i think this was a relationship with equals. this is different from her second marriage and perhaps her first. >> how close did she remain with her two children at this time? >> always very close with them. always so proud of them. edward's eulogy, she said when she spoke of them, her face would light up. >> her husband meeting j.f.k., close to the prime minister, harold mcmillen. when she was in her deepest grief, she wrote mcmillen and said if i raise my children well, that will be my vengeance against the world. she felt she had achieved that vengeance. >> rose kennedy lived a very, very long life. bo hamlin wants to know how did jackie get along with rose kennedy. >> i'm going the take that. >> this is the question. >> it is. i just published a biography of rose kennedy. >> fine one too. >> this past summer. they got along to begin with. she wrote to her mother-in-law and said dear mrs. kennedy, thank you so much for all of your good advice. rose kennedy liked to mete out plenty of advice. she said stand at an angle when one is having a photograph taken because it makes one look slimmer. jackie said thank you, mrs. kennedy, for teaching me that lesson. she wrote kindly to her. after the assassination, there were issues of whether jackie would come back for the opening and the dedication for the kennedy center. she finally decided she couldn't. she couldn't face that. she couldn't face being that she said the widow kennedy for the rest of her life. she wanted to be with her children. it was just too painful. rose filled in with her. but you can see there was a little bit of tension but rose really appreciated that she would be invited often to be with mrs. kennedy and john and caroline. >> she got along with mr. >> she got along with mr. onassis. >> and when people were giving her trouble for marrying mr. onassis, rose stuck up for her and said jack would have wanted her to be happy. >> you describe her as being homeless after the death of president kennedy and wanted to know why the family didn't bring her more support, bring her to the fold, give her a place to live. >> she had money. >> she had $150,000 from the trusts coming her way. bobby pitched in $50,000. >> this is mid '60s. times that times ten for today's dollars. by her standards, perhaps it wasn't enough.
roosevelt would find whichever seat was comfortable for her. she did not have an assigned a seat at this table. this is the bedroom that franklin and eleanor shared as adults. 1918, when infidelity was discovered within the marriage. from that point on, mrs. roosevelt insisted on not sharing the same bed with franklin roosevelt. at that time, mrs. roosevelt chose a bad room right next to and it has a doorway coming right in. this was an area where she could eat by herself. it was -- this was an area where she could be by herself. it was a bit of a private space. the furniture in this room was used by mrs. roosevelt, one of the fear areas where she could get privacy. when they were both here, it was given they would vote here in the big house. if for some reason franklin was not at hyde park, mrs. roosevelt was spentr own her time a couple short miles away from the site. thehis direction we have entrance to sara delano roosevelt's room, sandwiched sarah and her husband franklin, the same as in their lifetime she was sandwiched between franklin and his mother, sarah. the involvement of mrs. roosevelt in the political career of franklin roosevelt is right from the beginning. but she becomes much more active in her role after 1921, when franklin roosevelt contracted polio. she would encourage franklin roosevelt to continue with his political ambitions and she would join forces with political strategist. this was the room where their strategies were laid out. it was important because lewis howell and mrs. roosevelt did not have a real close relationship until the polio came into the story. lewis howell was with franklin roosevelt since 1910, when he started his political career. itwould encourage franklin, in a sense against the wishes of franklin's mother, sarah. sarah felt as franklin contracted polio, thinking of the resources of the family, that franklin could very easily live his life out here at springwood in the role of the gentleman estate keeper. wouldoosevelt and howell encourage just the opposite and motivate franklin. louis howe would be a big influence because he would tutor mrs. roosevelt and her public speaking and teach her how to put emphasis on certain words, how to control her very interesting voice that sometimes went high-pitched. soon, mrs. roosevelt would be comfortable with her public speaking and realize the power of that ability. some i think it was a self- serving of mrs. roosevelt, because when you think of the gentleman estate keeper, his wife would also be confined to the estate. roosevelt pursuing his political ambitions, mrs. roosevelt would enjoy a certain freedom. toring relative to our public speaking was very important because very shy eleanor roosevelt was a little intimidated by public speaking. she was suddenly realize she had the ability to conquer that fear through the tutoring and she would realize the power of public speaking. and in this case, the power was that a cap franklin roosevelt's image alive to the american public until he addresses the democratic convention in 1924. >> good evening, ladies and gentlemen. i'm speaking to you tonight at a very serious moment in our history. the cabinet is convening and the leaders of congress are meeting with the president. and army department and navy officials have been with the president all afternoon. the japanese ambassador was talking to the president at the airships that japan's were bombing our citizens in hawaii and the philippines, sinking one of our transports loaded with lumber on its way to why you. by tomorrow morning, the members of congress will have a full report and be ready for action. in the meantime, we the people are already prepared for action. for months now, the knowledge that something of this kind might happen has been hanging over our heads. yet it seemed impossible to believe, impossible to drop the day things, and not preparing to meet an enemy in a matter where he strikes. that is well over now. there is no more uncertainty. andnow what we have to face we know that we are ready to face it. woman growing up in missouri, first lady bess truman would often be paid a visit by her neighbors relative, harry truman. when my grandfather visited independence, 26 miles from where he lived at the time in grandview in 1910, he often stayed across the street at the nolan house, which is where his aunt and two cousins lived. one afternoon he was over there with his cousins, with the family, and his aunt brought a cake plate. madgey great-grandmother, wallace, had given her a cake. mrs. nolan had cleaned the cake plate and was asking if anybody would take it back over. and my grandfather moved with what my mother once described as approaching the speed of light and grabbed the cake plate and moved over here, rang the front door in the hope, of course, that my grandmother would answer the door. and she did. and she invited him in, and that is the beginning of their formal courtship in 1910. they first met in sunday school, when my grandmother was five and my grandfather was six. they were baptists. i grandfather's family was baptists, but the first purpose but the firsth -- presbyterian church demonstrate had a good sunday school, and that is what my great- grandmother was interested in, a good sunday school. so she took grandpa over there one day to talk to the reverend. as she was talking, sunday school was in session. as she was talking to the reverend, my grandfather noticed this little girl sitting in sunday school class with what he described beautiful blue eyes and long golden curls. he sort of fell in love with her right then and there. as far as i know, as far as anybody knows, never look at another woman. we are on the back or choke my grandparents home in independence, missouri. as is the way that we came in. this is weighed the family came -- this is the way the family came in, through the kitchen door. came into the kitchen. the first place iowa's head it was back here to the pantry. and i don't see the 10, but there was always a tin in here on one of the shelves of nice round tin filled with brownies. i was made sure that was in here before i went anywhere else in the house. once i made sure the brownies the next stopn, had to be my grandfather's study . because whenever you came into the house, he did not meet us at the airport when he got older, but when she came into the house, you had to stop here and say hi to grandpa. this is where you found him most of the time as he was getting older and i was getting older. if i wanted to talk to grandpa, is where i looked because he was always reading. my grandmother and my mother sat in those chairs and often read in here with him. apparently my grandmother and mother always used to start fights where my grandfather would read down to the end of the page, mark is place with his finger, he and look up and tried to decide if the fight was escalating to the point where he had did get out of the room. if everything was ok, he would read down to the next page. sometimes he left, sometimes he stayed. this is the formal dining room. this is where we ate the evening meal every day. we had breakfast in the kitchen, a sandwich or something for lunch, but this is where we ate meals.mal dinner my grandmother sat at that end of the table is where she sat. closest to the kitchen, i think. so if we go through here, in the center of the house, in the foyer, you'll notice that the biggest portrait in the house is , margaret late mother truman daniel. she was their only child, only conceived after my grandmother suffered two miscarriages. my grandmother was 39 when she was born, so she was very precious to my grandparents and a family very close as unit. my grandfather kind of spoiled her. i grandmother was more of the disciplinarian. the three of them were very, very tight as a family. because she was their only child. this way,go through we are in the living room. this chair is where my grandmother later in her life, this is where she did her reading. after my grandfather passed away, this is often where my grandmother sat. she read a murder mysteries. she loved murder mysteries. she had stacks of them on either side of the chair. she would have a stack on the side, that she had not read yet, and she had an outstanding. it would be donated or put on the shelf after she read them, but this is where she spent a lot of her time. she gave a lot of those cast-off murder mysteries to my mother, who do the same thing, reading with stacks on either side of the chair, and mom, of course, eventually became a mystery writer. this painting was originally painted as my grandmother's official white house portrait. johnson960s, lady bird went looking for portraits of first ladies to hang, re-hang in the white house. she thought that was important. she looked high and low and cannot find my grandmother's official portrait. so she called my grandmother and said, mrs. truman, do you know where the painting is, what can i find it. the grandmother said, yeah, it's on my wall. mrs. johnson said, you really should not have that, it belongs in the white house. my grandmother said, no, that is my painting, it is on my wall, and that is where it is going to stay. i think mrs. johnson tried a couple of more times but eventually gave up. there were two copies made by the artists. one of them hangs in the truman library down the road, the other is in the white house, but those are the copies. as is the original portrait. first lady mamie eisenhower's sense of style got her noticed by the fashion world. with one of worked her favorite designers for her suits and they wear outfits. this is the outfit that she wore to the formal opening of the saint lawrence seaway, where she -- ike met prince elizabeth princess elizabeth and prince philip. this is a printed cotton fabric with many of the houses the eisenhowers lived in during their marriage. it also includes the five-star symbol. these are a few examples of mamie's day dresses. she was very fond of the color pink. are of the dresses sleeveless. she'll we set her arms were ike's favorite feature, so she chose to show them off. his is a handmade rest that budget.r attention to this has an exceptionally long ham that she would raise and lower. jackie kennedy is well known for the little like dress. here are two examples of mamie's little black dress. mamie always said that she would never dress like a little old lady. these gowns show her love of bright colors and wild fabrics. like any high-fashion lady of the day, she loved hats. this is a small sampling of some in the collection. one of her favorite is honors with sally victor. no one outfit is complete without a fabulous pair of shoes. nobody knew that better than mamie. her love of fashion to not begin in the white house. this dress and undergarment from the mid-1920s shows her love of fashion. she was about 30 years old, too old to be considered a flapper, but still stylish for the day. let's look at some of the exhibits that focus on her style. mamie is well-known for her trademark hairstyle. you could even purchase fake bangs to put into your hair at all of the drugstores in the 1950s. she would regularly go to the elizabeth arden salons. elizabeth arden had one of her hair stylist create the drawing so that she could take them with her so she had to go to another stylist, her hair would always be perfect. in a poor who grew up family of all sons, she was from a well-to-do family of all daughters. she attended a finishing school and we have her report card from the school in denver, colorado. english, got a b in she actually got a c-minus in european history and a c in french. who knew that in later years as a military wife and future first lady that she would be so well traveled and have so much to do with european history? we actually have a special passport issued to mamie. in 1945. this is when she could go join was theand ike when he first military commander of the u.s. occupied germany at the end of world war ii. while in germany, she actually purchased this sterling silver pin. mamie renewed her passport one more time a few years later to travel with ike. we have her inoculation card. this is from 1951, when he was commander of the naval forces, stationed in france. mamie loved charms. early on, ike bought her this west point football charm showing the army and navy game scores in 1913 and 1914 when ike was coach of the army football team. this calvary-themed sterling silver pendant was purchased by ike for mamie when he was stationed in the philippines working for general macarthur. mamie could not always travel with ike, but she was often on his mind. these bangles were purchased in north africa in 1943 during operation torch in the invasion of north africa during world war ii. her military, connections continued. as she christened the uss nautilus in 1954, the nautilus was the first nuclear-powered naval vessel and the silver sleeve of the champagne bottle that she smashed against the hull. as a military wife, she took great pride in creating a home in each of the 36 places they lived during their marriage. was young girl, mamie diagnosed with a heart conditions. in later years, she was ordered to stay in bed three days a week. that was a little much for her, so she compromised and stayed in bed every day until noon. she was a busy lady. she would get up in the morning, do her hair, put on her makeup, ben wear a lovely bed jacket and lay back in bed. while wearing the bed jackets, she would often meet with her secretary to plan the day. as first lady, she ran the white house with military precision. her schedules were often blocked out in five minute permits per day. we have schedules from every year that mamie was first lady. not onlyhedule, we see did she have a diplomatic dinner, but the next morning she was cutting the ribbon at the national presbyterian church czar. bazaar.h some of the things that she would discuss with her social secretary were of a personal nature. shopping for christmas gifts for their grandchildren and notes to buy granddaughter,er susan. she was always good with figures and would keep notes say she would not go over budget. >> having a keen sense of fashion, jacqueline kennedy was admired for her clothing ensembles. >> mrs. kennedy is known as a style icon. the first ensemble that she wore as first lady, of course, was on inauguration day. sh color dress and legt designed by only c cassini. the only thing that she wore to ensemble was aom beautiful ruby brooch by tiffany that jfk gave her to celebrate john junior,h of right after the swearing in. and of course most famously finishing the ensemble was the poll box hat. she wore that on the back of her head so her face could be seen. that actually set a fashion trend. whereas the hat would normally be worn on the top of the head, she had a pushed back to sort of free her face. storaged here at its boxes perhaps one of mrs. kennedy's best-known dresses, the breast that she wore during her televised tour of the white house in february 1962. visitors to arm easy them when we have this dress on exhibit are quite surprised to realize it is red, because of course the program was filmed in black-and- white and broadcast in black and white. but i like to surmise that she chose red for that program, knowing it would be televised on valentine's day 1962. let's go into the museum and look at other examples of jacqueline kennedy's clothing we have on display. mrs. kennedy put an awful lot of thought into her wardrobe when she was representing the country, both at the white house and while traveling abroad. she would think about what colors would mean something to the country i'm about to visit. so for her visit to canada in 1961, actually the first state visit the kennedys made as president and first lady lady, she chose this red suit ip or by pierre ip ai cardin, also knowing that she would be greeted by the canadian royal mounted police. here we have a green coat and hat worn by the first lady lady for her arrival in bogotá colombia in december 1961. the president and first lady traveled through south america on that visit, greeted by ,undreds of thousands of people overwhelming response. particularly when mrs. kennedy would address the crowds in spanish. i really admire the thought that mrs. kennedy put into her wardrobe. she would think about the event she was attending or the country she was visiting. was there a style or particular color that she could wear that would mean something to her hosts, and she also knew the advantage of choosing a color or style that would make her stand out in a crowd. her oral history, mrs. kennedy speaks at greatly about president kennedy's love of reading, love of history, his belief in the power of words. and that is something, that is a believe they both shared. what i like about this story here is it shows -- it is an example of that believe in the power of words. it's a great example of the collaboration between husband and wife. this is very early in his presidential campaign, late 1959. in those early days, mrs. kennedy traveled with him on the campaign trail as much as possible. this is a reading copy of a speech he presented in ofhington state in june 1959. mrs. kennedy was with him at that dinner. president kennedy obviously had a speech writer, but he would often rewrite and edit his speeches up until the moment he was about to deliver it. at this particular dinner, as he was waiting to speak, he wanted to close his speech with some verses from "ulysses." mrs. actually asked kennedy, give me the last lines from "ulysses." and the following in her h is the rest of the poll him which she knew from memory -- is whichst of the poll em she knew from memory, giving him the words. lovea young age, jacquelyn to write. she would often create poems as gifts to her parents. on christmas and birth a's come she would write a poll him and illustrated. we have some early examples when she was about 10 years old. while at school in connecticut where she went to high school, she wrote a really wonderful essay called "be kind and do your share." " be kind and do your share, that is all there is to it." and she goes on about helping others in life is so important and how it is easy to just say a kind word to somebody, all the difference it can make to that person. this scrapbook is called "one special summer." after graduating from school, her mother ands, stepfather, sent jackie and her sister on summer through europe. as a token of appreciation for that gift, they collaborated together on this scrap oak to give to their parents -- on this scrapbook to give to the parents to let them know about their inventors. it is a combination of snapshots they took, and written descriptions of the different places they visited, the people they met. these really wonderful, whimsical sketches done by jackie. in the fall of 1950, jacqueline gue" writing contest. here we have her hand written application as a student from george washington university. she won the contest. her winning essays, one was a self-portrait where i think she wonderfully describes herself as tall, 5'7", with brown hair, square face and eyes so unfortunately far apart that it takes three weeks to have a pair of glasses made with a bridge wide enough to fit over my nose. as an example, i think of her love of writing, the power of , she is asked in question three of the essay, who are three people in history that you wish you would have known? the first two that she mentions are charles baudelaire, the french poet, and oscar wilde, the author, in edition to a russian ballet impresario. in the early 1950s, jacqueline camera was hired as the girl for "the camera girl for "washington times" harold. on display at the camera that she used as she went through the streets of washington, interviewing people, asking questions, creating columns. have on display is prophetic because she is interviewing vice president nixon and senator john f. kennedy, who of course would be adversaries in the 1960 presidential campaign. i think all of these examples of her early writings -- and she did right through her life -- but a think if her life had been may be somewhat different, she would have been a writer of some kind may be professionally. as we know when her later life, the last part of her life she was a very prolific editor of in new york city on books of several different topics. lady lady bird johnson enjoyed the time she and the president could spend at their ranch resting and relaxing. >> the living room is the oldest room in the house, dating back to the 1890s. she would refer to this as our heart home. have a few things that speak to her connection to the room. one of the things that she wanted to highlight was the native american heritage in the hill country. have a small collection of arrowheads. mrs. johnson actually had her daughters, linda and lucy, look for arrowheads, and mrs. johnson would pay them one dollar each for each arrowhead. linda was doing quite a bit better collecting them, and it turns out she was paying her schoolmates $.50 per arrowhead, then collecting a dollar from her mother. she had a knife or copper and collected -- she had an eye for copper and collected various items. one of the things that draws attention, three television sets. majort time, the three networks would all show the news at the same time. the president would turn down the volume on the television set he did not want to watch. mrs. johnson's favorite program was "gunsmoke" and she routinely altered their schedule so she could catch an episode of her favorite western. shortly after lyndon johnson became president, the ranch was called the texas white house and life at the ranch revolved around the home. the johnson's return home 74 times during his five years as president. mrs. johnson as first lady love to show off the texas hill country and her home. guests would often informally gather in the den and various heads of state came to visit. mexico, thet of west german chancellor and the israeli chancellor to name a few. they would visit with the johnsons right here in the den. the dining room was a special place for lady bird johnson, where she entertained, she picked out the wallpaper depicting a country seen very similar to the hill country. very similar to what she would have seen out of her picture window that she had installed at her request. this is johnson gave a tour of the house in 1968 that was filmed, where she featured the china uc purchased here in mexico. the president would sit down at this end of the table, where we have the cowhide chair. typical mrs. johnson at the other end of the table. one feature that you will notice next to the president, a telephone. president johnson loved working the telephones, and in the middle of a meal could take a call or answer a call. mrs. johnson was not necessarily happy with that but she got used to it because lyndon johnson was such a workaholic. as first lady she spent a lot of time at the ranch. it is very important because it was a respite from all of the turmoil of washington, in thelarly later presidency where they could recharge and make the connection back with the land and this place they valued so much. this is mrs. johnson's private bedroom. it was part of the 1960 seven remodeling. she specified to the designers she wanted this to be her forever room. she specified certain elements that she wanted, a fireplace, east facing windows, and a large bookcase to display so many mementos and keepsake she gathered through the years, the birds, the china, and also cameras. lyndon johnson gave mrs. johnson a camera for her wedding gift. she became quite the furtive journalist. she had an eight millimeter .amera to capture home movies we have hours and hours, as well as the recorder where mrs. johnson every night at the white house would record her daily observations. this became the basis for the she love to sit here at this desk to keep up with her correspondence and her activities as first lady. closet with her clothing withe the boots and hats, a lot of her colorful outfits, her shoes. .ne of my favorites and she was known as a special lady. lady bird johnson would often be a tour guide. she was very impressed that she wanted to see how the truman stories would be interpreted. >> we are at the private office at the lbj library. a typical day would begin with her coming in around 9:00. she would be carrying a bag in each hand filled with some things she had taken home for signing or speechwriting, whatever she was working on. handad a satchel in each like saddlebags. her desk was always very orderly. she kept file c was working on. she would keep large envelopes so she could pick them up, work dataem, and ask she were -- as she worked on her desk when she completed them she would at them on the floor. she loved this office because it to the capital and the city she loved so much. she would stay here all day pretty much monday through friday. when they were having guests at the ranch she would sometimes go out a few days early and stay in and checkdesk rooms on the electricity to make sure everything was working. store she to the that pick up magazines were guest specific for whoever was coming there for the weekend. she was very thoughtful and very gracious. staff at theoffice time. person who came to the white house as a press secretary to work on speeches, and then i was in the office. that chair was usually occupied as wegood part of the day rotated the project she was working on. by friday afternoon she was ready to go to the ranch. at about 3:30 in the afternoon she would say, do i have anything else to do? she would be ready to go. she would take off and had to i wasnch for the weekend. so fortunate to be here and learned so much from her and the way she did things and the way she entertained. i like the way she entertained. i think that's one reason we did so well together. i love her sense of making people feel at home. it. >> so good at growing up in a small farm in california, first lady pat nixon learned the values from an early age. timee spent a lot of working at the farm. there is an account of 1941. she cap the books. she was 19 years old when this was happening, and she talks agot how it was a year january, so this shows you how difficult it was to make a g.ving she barely made and me. she took on a lot of jobs. she was a personal shopper. she became a model, and she got on the lease for paramount in films.be an extra job, she hadjob to a thing from 1935. in the see her dancing film, but her speaking role was ut out. this shows her name and the restrictions one had to go through. eventually she had enough money obtain her degree. she became a teacher. >> mrs. nixon is one of the most widely traveled first ladies in our countries history. this was her diplomatic passport during her time of first lady. the passport is full of stamps relating to the different .ations they visited wanted to go out into the field and see people. she wanted to see what she could do to help. these tags were used on her second to last trip as first lady. this was the first time a president and first lady had ever been to israel. mrs. nixon'sre on personal luggage. let's see some of the things during her travels for first -- as first lady. >> we have a lot of samples of gift given to her. this is something given to her from the belgian kingdom. out of rubies and diamonds. nixon bygiven to mrs. the prime minister of italy back in 1970. during her historic trip to china, her historic -- her extensive travels took her to the beijing zoo, then known as the peking zoo. she learned about the pandas. and she noticed how she was looking at the packages, and he said, i understand you also admire the pandas at the zoo. she said, aren't they darling. he said, we will make sure you homesome pandas to go with. there were two of them. one of them was transported in this great. he obviously said, but her on. important to support her husband just by being there. they would always say what a did. and job pat nixon >> this is a special place. >> her casket was placed right up here. the nixon family sat right here and on the other side presidents reagan and ford. a special place, in particular because mrs. nixon was instrumental for the grand opening of the nixon library. she loved her roses. this is the pat nixon rose, and developed by a french designer. road ise only continuing to grow off the white house. place, the final resting only steps away from the humble farmhouse. story behindief the epitaph, which she chose herself. it dates back to the trip to 1970.he took in she wanted to meet the people affected by this devastating earthquake. she wanted to find out what she could do to help. she replied even when people cannot speak your language they can tell if you have love in your heart. >> first they be betty ford wanted to -- a betty ford wanted to elevate fashion design in america. >> she wanted to promote american fashion. this was a gown she wore to her first head of state even. it was designed by a lady named frankie welsch who had a boutique in alexandria, virginia. wore for her official portrait as first lady. dress some people might recognize. gown for ais andrait taken of the family featured on the cover of time likedne, but she also practical design as well. a fellow from new york designed a number of dresses and gowns for her, very practical, inexpensive, but for her very functional. outfits toear these arrival ceremonies for dignitaries but also to the hairdresser, to church, on trips, campaign event. they were the ones she could get most comfortable in. this was a piece she wore for a 60 minutes interview. she fielded many questions. know a lot of this because one of the things mrs. ford was very careful about was she cap what we call secretaries cards for each of these dresses. they would be no notations made on where she wore them, when she wore them, and you could see for many of them she wore them multiple times. the month this is in the handwriting of her secretary. some of them is in her handwriting. many of these extend into her post first lady time. she would wear these until the early 1980's. her love for design, her promotion of american fashion led to her receiving the prestigious parsons school of esign award. this is the accolade she received for her promotion of in fact these einar us -- designers in fashion. betty ford, then betty bloomer, knew she wanted to do something with it. fascinated. she went to different camps. this was her trunk she would where she putsin, on skits and plays, danced with and that led to vermont, where she studied at the school of dance. these are some of her notecards where she kept notes, so each of these is dedicated to a different subject. you would find names of her tookers and the notes she about the different things she was studying, much of it about choreography. some of them have dance figures she has drawn with diagrams that how the stage is supposed to be organized. material includes her and she collected music and collected popular tunes from the time, and these are some of the records he would find in her record album. i'm a big girl now. cap by aero. she shared her dorm room with a tober of girls, so she had leave notes. mrs. ford was an organized person. back in thehese same folder. thank you. it is very important. this is her organizer. she carried this with her to york, where to new she worked for the powers toeling agency, then back grand rapids again, so in it you would find a host of things you would find in just about any organizer. names of different dance troops and telephone numbers, dance , and heron notes class. brochures, dance costumes. a costume for one of the dance routines she wanted to put on. notes shehoreography wanted to make for the dance routine. talks about her love of dance and how deeply she was involved in her early years. vice president ford was sworn in of the unitedent states. this was the dress mrs. ford was during swearing-in. she was less than excited about the coming first lady. she resolved, if i'm going to have to do this, i'm going to have fun doing it. the fun started almost immediately. she had a state dinner, and it was something she had to prepare for. she hit the ground running. she had a number of , because president ford's administration overlapped the bicentennial. some of the other events were held during that year. this one is for the may 17, 1976 , but there were a number of notable people who came to themhite house, and among this was a letter received from japan in appreciation for in 1975.im the first time the emperor had ever left japan. here are some of the invitations and dinner invitations from the biggest event, and that is when we hosted queen elizabeth in july of 1976. this was a gift the queen of england presented to mrs. ford. it is a gilded soup terrine. on its face is a hand-painted image of the white house, and it was the official gift of great britain to the united states celebrating the 200th anniversary of the united states , and she wrote a nice letter thanking them for their hospitality and for the friendship they extended to the queen and the people of england. in this letter, the queen writes, it was the greatest pleasure for us to be able to join in. we send good wishes to you and mrs. ford. your friend, elizabeth. >> born and raised in a small roslynn town, first lady carter also raised her family there and helped run the family business. >> not much has changed here except the president and mrs. carter grew up here. here, and put a dirt road, it would be very similar. thistory begins here at house. she lived here with her mom and dad, two brothers, and a sister. one of her favorite memories was when her dad would come home from work, go into the kitchen, and meet her mother, give her a big hug, swing her around. she lost her father at a young age. helped take care of throughout his illness. she was a trained nurse, and on the night of his passing, i took young rosalynn smith to jimmy carter's farm. farm, and itoyhood because they smell to a lot of time with president carter's sister. out this is where they would hang out together, play games, do homework. visitingrosa was out president carter's sister, they had many interactions. this is the high school where rosa and timmy carter would have attended. her first memory of going to school here, she made straight a's. they were so proud of her. her dad gave her a dollar for her accomplishments. later on a local businessman had a contest for the student who had the best grade point average throughout the entire year. that he would give them five dollars. in the 1920's and 1930's, that was quite a lot of money. after that she won the five dollars from a local businessman. one activity rosa was engaged in was basketball. she was so excited when she made the basketball team. a picture in her uniform. i think it is a very good accomplishment. is planes methodist church. this is where president carter asked her on a date for the first time, and it is also where they got married. it is a special place. this is the train depot, the oldest loathing here, and in 1976 this was the logical choice for a local campaign headquarters for president carter. imagine, the hustle and bustle of all the activity phonescampaign, you had and letters coming in and out, and mrs. rosa was here helping the campaign. the whole family would have had a part to play in the campaign. amy, andhis daughter of course his mother and ms. 's mother.-- rosalyn they would greet people. this is where rosalynn carter helped organize the peanut this was basically a way to get the word out about jimmy carter using volunteers going door to door and spreading the word. it was a method so effective it helped him get elected. >> they covered my mental health at first, and then they never showed up anymore. one of the things i wanted to do was bring attention to the issue and how terrible it was and how , butervices there were just getting it out to the public. that's what i did in georgia. they just didn't come. i met this woman who was one of the press people, and i said no one ever covers my meetings. she would say, it is not a sexy issue. i neveridn't mind, but did get much coverage for it, but we toured the country and develop legislation and past the mental health systems act of 1980. it passed through congress one month before jimmy was involuntarily retired from the white house. >> thursday our encore presentation of first ladies continues with the life of betty ford. shortly after becoming first lady she had a mastectomy and release details about her surgery, bringing public awareness to breast cancer. she spoke openly about premarital sex. later she shared her experience with alcohol and prescription drug addiction, which led to the creation of the betty ford center. our series returns live this month with five of the most recent first ladies from nancy reagan to michelle obama, monday live at nine eastern, and along with the white house's story: association, we are offering a special edition of the book. it includes biographies and a portrait of each lady. now available for $12.95 less seriesg, then visit our website with a special section which chronicles life in the executive mansion at c-span.org /first ladies. >> we are in the gallery of the light catcher building at the museum. alpine anding at polar landscapes in art from 1775 until 2012. the purpose of the exhibition is to highlight the rich cultural heritage of the planets frozen frontier, the alpine region, the art it, and antarctica. this is a photograph by a german artist dating from 2000 and eight, and it is exhibited side- 2008, and it is exhibited side-by-side with a photograph, also of east greenland. it is from her last iceberg series of 2006. many people understand the importance of ice for the planet, the reflective qualities that help regulate the climate, but many people are unaware there is a collective consciousness and western culture about these regions, so it is important within the context of climate change to let people know that these regions are fundamental to our i entity -- to our identity. >> there is more as we look at in history and literary life washington. next, the oral argument in the case challenging california's mandatory collection of dna samples from individuals arrested on a felony. then our first ladies series looks at 20th century first the national that black caucus of state legislators examine civil rights issues. on the next "washington journal for look at the changes immigration policy. our guest is alan gomez. then chris eggleston discusses his new >> "washington journal" live every morning at 7:00 eastern on c-span. >> up next the oral argument in askell versus harris about mandatory d.n.a. collection of individuals arrested on suspicion of a felony. this is just over an hour.
with the full dna. you are saying that california can take that dna, hold it in only look atand the john dna, but they have it in their custody, and there is a marylandecause versus king. >> by law, california can only look at discrete portions of identification dna. that is it, nothing else. >> what's wrong with the proposal by ms. haskell recognizing what king does restrict, to simply say go to the supreme court decision, it talks about a valid arrest supported by probable cause. says we cancouncil draw the line with a judicial determination of probable cause and therefore am a free reign under the california statute. what is wrong with that line in terms of did -- interpreting how king applies to this case? nothat interpretation would be consistent with king, which recognizes that the identification information am a whether it is fingerprints, photographs, or dna, informs the charging decision. scalia role does justice -- how would this respond to ?udge mcewen's for whatever reason, they got it wrong, something you did not charge. how do we interpret that? >> justice bill leah made a number of factual errors in that analysis. there are criteria, the court announced what the criteria is for taking, analyzing, and keeping the sample. >> at every juncture, the u.s. supreme court recognized and focused on the national import of king. -- ine rogers stayed recognition of the fact that it implicates important features. justice scalia said perhaps it was the most important tags. because of the court holdings and legal determinations were not tethered to the four corners of the maryland law, there is no basis for claims that it maryland law is constitutional and california law is not. iq. -- thank you. the wisest and best thing we can do here is simply a firm denial of the preliminary injunction, and the case would then be back in district court where you can reframe the class and make whatever claim you want. anything else we say beyond that is too much. they were charged with offenses how can we say, and --ht of maryland versus king >> the factual record in this case is more than sufficient. it is a question of pure law. the court can say what the law is him and the district court will implement that law. otherwise we may be appear in the year are to in precisely the same situation. i don't think that serves anyone's interest. [indiscernible] have already we have is vastly bigger than the record was thinking. accommodates all of the governmental interest that king identified. i don't see that additional facts are necessary to establish that. i'm asking that the court decide the issue now, one way or the other, to be honest. thank you. x all right, thank you. we are adjourned. >> on the next washington journal, a looked at the prospect or changes to immigration policy in the upcoming congress. our guest is alan gomez of usa today. then a discussion of the new book examining how u.s. presidents have tested the limits of their emergency powers. piece on the top 10 lobbying victories of 2013 washington journal, live every morning it seven eastern on c- span. >> we are in the gallery of the light catcher building of the washington museum. at vanishingg eyes, alpine and polar landscapes and art. the purpose of the exhibition is to highlight the rich cultural heritage of the planets frozen front tears, the alpine regions, the arctic and antarctic. the is a photograph of greenland ice sheet by german artist dating from 2008. it is exhibited side-by-side by camilleograph from east greenland, from her last iceberg series of 2006. many people understand the importance of eyes for the planet, it's reflective qualities that help regulate the lyman, but many people are unaware that there is a collective consciousness in western culture about these importantnd so it was within the context of climate change to let people know that these regions are fundamental to our identity. asthere is more this weekend book tv and american history tv look at the literary life of bellingham, washington. >> this coming november, 35 senate seats will join the 435 house seats up for election. his coming thursday, charlie cook of the cook the lyrical report will highlight the nations major congressional races. see that live from american university to getting a 9:30 a.m. eastern on c-span2. thursday, our encore presentations of q&a programs levin.ntinue with yuval he talks about the influence of the conservative magazine that covers economics, culture, and politics. see that it's 7 p.m. eastern, right here on c-span. next, our first lady serious looks at 20th century first ladies from edith roosevelt to rosalynn carter. blackthat, the national caucus of state legislators examine civil rights issues. later, a preview of the top political stories to watch in 2014. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] >> over the next two hours, the public and private lives of the first ladies of the 20th century. from season two of "first ladies, influence and image." first lady edith roosevelt bought a family refuge outside of washington called pine nut. >> she sought a place for rest and repairs for the president, close enough to d.c. to get out here as often as needed, but far enough away there was wilderness. she bought the cottage and 15 acres. her renovation she prescribed, $280, the deed is written in her name. the renovation she did include this porch, which she called her piazza, and specified that they be supported by the untrimmed cedar posts. most of these that you see our original. the color of the house now is the color that it was when the roosevelts were here. the interior is completely unfinished, they are bare, because it edith wanted them left that way. she wanted a total rustic feel, just as the porch, and natural in every sense. his room was originally divided into two, and edith opened it up into a lodge-like room. she wanted the family to be here together. a cook their meals by the fireplace. generally t.r. would do the cooking and edith would boil the water for the tea and the children would get what was needed for getting the meals together. when edith saw the cottage for the first time, there were no fireplaces. the cottage was unfinished. these fireplaces were done to her specification. she designed these wonderful stone ledges into the fireplace to provide functionality and interest. the stairs were virtually on the center of the room. they kind of took up the whole thing. edith specified, she moved them to the side for two reasons. one issue one at the bottom floor to be an open room. the other a she wanted to create a room upstairs. this is the tiny room that edith created for athol. -- ethel. the special feature of this was it had a door so that ethol could shut off her brothers from entering the room. his is where edith and t.r. slept. this was the master bedroom. you can see the light streaming through the boards, so it is no better appointed than any of the other rooms. this is the boys room. all four boys would have slept here when they were here. it also has a wonderful mantel, and even better is it has the stone supports that edith would have designed. this was a family place, unique for the roosevelts, because sagamore hill was a place where t.r. had people and a hub of activity. this was a private family time. the roosevelts made it very clear they do not want anybody here besides family. >> sagamore hill was their primary residence. their first 5, 6 years they were married, he lived here. they lived here year-round. after the white house, they live here year-round again, even though it was hard to heat in the winter. it was the center of their life. it was where their hearts were. edith ran the household, not only sagamore hill, but all of the places they lived. she managed the family's accounts. she managed the family's investments. what we have here is an account book. this is an example of the annual accounts, from 1891, i think it is, and basically every family member is listed. then she kept track of the expenses she paid for each family member every month of the year. what it is also broken down into grocery bills, what she would buy from the butcher, what she might pay for a plumber to do repairs. she counted every penny and kept very good track of what the household was spending. sagamore hill was different than earlier presidential homes because it was never a commercial venture. they did not try to be self- sufficient. what edith wanted from sagamore hill was basically to offset the expense of living there. so they raised hay and alfalfa and rye, grains they could feed their horses and reduce the cost of having horses. they had a lovely garden that produced everything from corn to strawberries. they had an arbor with eight different kinds of grapes, strawberry and blueberry fields. the idea was to both feed the family and the staff that lived on site and also reduce the costs of maintaining a property like this. we are holding the book, the sagamore hill guest book. and people would come up to see t.r. and edith, they would sign their names just like they were visiting the white house. it is a casual list, not as formal as the white house, but usually there would have been politicians or government officials. even family sign the book. here in 1904, or anna roosevelt visited, and that is t.r.'s older sister, and douglas robinson, who was karen's husband. that is a family visit that day. there are signatures from them. so sometimes, i mean, i don't think these people signed their name. i think edith went back and made note of who was visiting, with a wonderful illustration done by one of the visitors, "showing hope at sunset" is what the illustration says. it was a wonderful way for the family to keep track of who went to see them. and their family and friends were here and what they were up to while they were visiting. edith roosevelt came to sagamore hill in 1887 as a young bride. she lived here until 1948, the end of her life. this was done in the 1920s. it is a charcoal sketch done at sagamore hill by john singer sargent, the famous american portrait painter. edith was obviously a widow in the 1920s. she traveled a great deal in that time, visiting foreign lands and her children, just a sickly seeing the world. she spent a lot of time away from sagamore hill. i think fulfilling her curiosity. she was always interested in the world. after looking at it in books for years, she got onto boats and planes and automobiles and went to see it. what we have here are two of the edith roosevelt's diplomatic passports. the first was issued in 1919. after theodore roosevelt's death. her first trip noted in it is to france, where she traveled after two weeks after his death. she went to france to visit the grave of quentin roosevelt, who had been killed the previous july. she wanted to see his grave, dedicate a marker to him. this later passport is from the 1930s. it is wonderful because it has a lovely picture of the edith, but it also has stamps from her travels to europe, portugal, france, italy, and south america, el salvador, mexico, brazil. it shows some of the breath of her interest in the world and the effort that she went to to get there. >> first lady helen taft's influence is seen every spring and washington, d.c., because she was the driving force in acquiring 3000 cherry blossom trees from japan. >> when helen taft became first lady in 1909, she was addressing the cherry trees around the tidal basin. the tidal basin was a mess. there was a speedway where people would erase their carriages. there was really nothing to draw people or make a debut novel place for people to gather and enjoy nature. helen taft wanted to change that. so one of the first thing she did when she became first lady was to ask for trees to be planted. they were requested from nurseries in pennsylvania. but the japanese heard about her interest and they decided to give 2000 trees to the united states in her honor, from the city of tokyo to the city of washington, as a gift honoring the american support of japan and the japanese war. 2000 trees arrived in january of 1910. everyone was shocked. the trees that were sent were older and very tall and bug infested. it was decided they would have to be burned. president taft himself made the decision they would have to be burned. the japanese were very accommodating and understanding and decided to send 3000 trees which arrived in 1912. it is those that we still have a few of around the tidal basin. this is the north section of the tidal basin, with a view of the washington monument, where many of the original trees have been planted. the older ones are wider and they have gnarly trunks, overarching branches, typical of the dominant type of cherry tree around the basin. this is where helen taft would have planted the first cherry blossom tree that came in the shipment in 1912. these would not be here if not for helen taft. will many people were enchanted with all things japanese, it was due to her the trees are here today. >> the smithsonian has very few pieces that belonged to helen taft. but the piece we do have is i think the most significant, actually one of the most significant pieces and the first lady's collection. we are going to open it up for you. helen taft was a woman of firsts. helen taft was a woman of combinations. this to me symbolizes all of that. this is helen taft's inaugural gown. she had the dress embroidered in the philippines to wear for the inaugural ball. the inauguration was very important to helen taft. she saw it as her husband coming into the white house and herself coming into the white house. it was a very ceremonious occasion for her. she marked this occasion, not only her entry into the white house but really then added it as a mark for first ladies of the united states when she became the first first lady to donate her down to dismiss sony and. she happened to be the first lady when the founders of the first ladies collection were putting the collection together. they met helen taft at a lunch commemorating dolly madison. they asked her if she would be interested in the exhibit they were putting together on first ladies. they were trying to acquire something from every first lady, every presidential administration. mrs. taft offered to lend and then donate her down. she is one of the patrons of the first ladies collection and established the tradition first ladies would donate their inaugural down to the collection. every first lady after helen have to had an inaugural down has donated it to the smithsonian institution. >> she love to travel. when taft got a chance to be chairman of the philippine commission, she jumped at the chance, encouraging him to take the job. they took the family into the philippines, where taft was later governor general of the philippines. she had a chance to travel the world. she also introduced her children to the travel. she learned differently which is. banquets were a big thing. before she and the children, william howard taft cabled about some of the banquets, and mrs. taft like to have some of the banquets and incorporate the military people, the philippine people, and these are programs from those. the philippine people loved william howard taft and his family. they treated them just like equals. this is taft invited them to dinners, they attended a lot of the celebrations at the luneta, where she like to see the bands play. entertainment was a big part of the things she did over there while she was in the philippines. we are about to go into the collection storage area, where we keep some of our more valuable artifacts as well as things that are not on display. as we come in, we see this philippine just. mrs. taft collected a lot of philippine items, chairs, furniture, and this is a storage chest they bought while they were over there. it was one of the items they picked up while they were there. what i have here are some photographs from some ladies in the philippines. they took some formal photographs here. and they wrote inscriptions, gave them to mrs. taft. "best wishes, december 22, 1903, manila, philippines." that illustrates the admiration the philippine people had for the taft family, especially mrs. taft as she worked to make them feel integrated in the greatest society, make them feel equal to the other people, inviting them to parties, putting on musicals, those types of things, helping with education. so they really love the tafts, and to this day we still get people coming from the philippines who have that connection with the taft family and the things they did while they were there. >> while they were courting, first lady allen and president wilson wrote fervently to each other expressing their undying love. >> here on the shelves are the correspondence between woodrow and ellen, love letters, and it has to be the largest collection of love letters between any future president and future first lady. these letters were sealed in a truck when they moved to the prospect house and 1902, and the truck was not open until the 1960s. it is a time capsule shedding extraordinary light on the wilsons' life together. woodrow is what living in baltimore, going to johns hopkins. he writes in january, 1894, "my own darling, when you come to my study and kiss me as i sit at my desk, it is as if this attachment seems a force of my mind. darling, i trust it is not wrong to worship you as i do. you are the presiding genius of both my mind and heart, and in that fact insists the happiness and the strength of your own woodrow." i think in this letter we see the extent to which woodrow wilson not only loved ellen, but it knowledge didn't is very clear way his intellectual debt to her. how many cases can you say that, that the first lady and husband, that he is stepping forward and saying i acknowledge you are the source of so much of not only my happiness but intellectual development? you introduced me to literature, their words were. they would sit together on the campus and they would read words worth to gather sitting on the grass. he acknowledges this important role that ellen plays in his life. she writes back to him, "how can i thank you, dearest, for the sweet things that you say in this letter? how happy it makes me when you say such sweet things even when i think how unworthy i am of it all. i to trust it is not wrong to worship you as i do. it would be wrong to question it as it would be to breathe. i am with every breath altogether your own, ellen." often she does not respond to him as exuberantly, because she is somewhat melancholy. she puts herself second to his needs again and again. she is serving him, helping him. that was her conception of her role as woodrow wilson's wife. as she is dying in the white house, that tragic summer, august 1914, the world about to enter into a great international convulsion with world war i about to break out, she is dying in the white house and she grabbed the hand of dr. grayson and whispers to him, "doctor, if i go away, promise me you will take good care of my husband." this was the home of woodrow and ellen wilson from 1902 to 1910. they lived here until he entered politics in 1910, becoming governor, then ran for president and became president in 1912. let's take a look inside. it is in this reception hall that ellen wilson would have greeted many guests that came to prospect, including at the time of his inaugural when she greeted mark twain right here. she greeted the sun of the slain abraham lincoln, jpmorgan, and also booker t. washington. all were entertained right here by ellen wilson. this is the reception room. this is the grand space where ellen would have entertained people who came to the home. it could've been anyone she was entertaining, everyone from visiting foreign ministers to very significant college presidents, all the way down a freshman. she entertained 300 freshmen in this room every fall. she was the first 20th-century person to live here, and she strips away a lot of the victorian detail. she tries to make it modern, current. for example, she love the marble mantel piece from 1850 that was here, but it had decorative roses. she did not like roses. she thought they were too thick taurean, too fancy, so she had been chiseled away, keeping the mantle but chiseling off the roses. she also add the heavy details, the chair rail and the molding that came up the wall. all of these are original ellen wilson detail she personally supervised along with the architect. on the second floor of prospect, we are in the private family part of the house with the bedrooms all around. she would recognize these rooms. she would recognize the details. her bedroom around the corner has the original ivory door knob that she would have turned every day. it is these details that bring her very close to us. i think ellen wilson seems quite real and immediate. this is the porch of prospect house. it has been more than a 100 years since they lived here, but it is extraordinarily similar today to how it looked back then, the same beautiful view and lovely garden that ellen wilson designed and would recognize if she came back. the wilson family love to sit out here and have tea. we have records of them having long conversations on this porch, dictating everything from is kindergarten a good idea to should women be allowed to vote. they would often sit here in the heat of the summer underneath the veranda, the same wisteria vine growing across as was growing there in the wilsons' day. ellen wilson enjoyed the architecture of prospect tremendously, dating from 1850. it was lushly victorian. she simplified and tour out some of the details so the house could be more modern and classic. we are in prospect garden here in princeton, new jersey. his is a garden that ellen originally designed when she was the resident from 1902 to 1910. i think here we see the full expression of ellen's aesthetic vision. she is an oil painter, very competent. she knows a lot of the american impressionistic painters of the day. she loves to paint landscapes and as a corollary to that she lays out this beautiful garden at rossbach house. she plants the seed or trees. she plants roses and all kinds of flowers. in fact, she loves this garden so much, she hates to leave it when the wilsons enter politics and leave princeton. when ellen wilson is in the white house, she brings the white house gardener back here to this garden at the prospect house and says to the white house gardener, let's re-create the rose section of this garden at the white house. ellen wilson could look out of her bedroom window at prospect mansion, she could look down and see flowers all day. similarly, she wanted the president of the united states to be able to see roses when he looked out of his window at the white house. of course, this becomes the famous rose garden at the white house. ellen tragically does not live to see the rose garden completed. she is dying in the summer of 1914. she is wheeled out into the space outside of this, in her wheelchair, watching as the gardener works, but does not live to see the completion of the vision she had four roses blooming at the white house. that is a vision that really begins here at prospect garden at princeton. >> the daughter of a judge, first lady edith wilson wrote in a small rural town of virginia. >> this is the birthplace and childhood home of the edith wilson. today it looks very much like it did when they lived here from 1866 until 1899. originally, in the 1840s, this was two houses. they were joined together, which connected the upstairs home. the downstairs was used as retail space. the upstairs was the home of the bowlings. this is the original front door to the bowling home. this is where the bowling family would have entered. let me take you inside. this is the birth room of edith bolling wilson, the bedroom of her parents. she was the seventh of 11 children, born to the bollings. she was one of over 20 family members who lived upstairs in the home. two of the most interesting pieces we have are the bolling cradle, which belonged to the family. the cradle their children would have slept in. the other piece is a child's chair we know was actually here in the home. we can just imagine all of the bolling children sitting in the chair. the cover is original and we are so happy and has not been reupholstered over the years. the us the bedroom of grandmother bolling. we know that edith as a little girl slept in the room with her grandmother. her grandmother was invalid and had back problems. she was quite spoiled by her grandmother. she was her grandmother's favorite. but along with that came the responsibility of being her caregiver. this is the back sleeping porch. this is where edith would gather with her family, where they would enjoy evenings together. i think one of my favorite pictures is the picture of young edith at age 13. she is actually sitting on a stool in this corner. she has her books in her lap. we are very fortunate to have this picture of her. we see what she is dressed like, we see her books, we see how her hair is fixed. we see her in a place where she was very comfortable and spent a lot of time as a young girl. this is the library of her father, judge bolling. her parents sent her to washington, d.c., to keep her away from an older gentleman that was wishing to court her. they sent her to her sister in washington. there she met and married her first husband, norman, and it really changed her life. we have a letter in this box from henry morgan paul, who was wanting to write a book about his experiences. so he is asking grayson if he can use certain information. he wants to use in the book the information you gave me about president wilson, and you're having come to the conclusion they should resign and how he was influenced by mrs. wilson to give up this plan. so mrs. wilson was very concerned that her husband would not get better if he did not have something to engage his mind, that he would just deteriorate if he was forced out of the presidency. while president wilson was ill, it has been speculated among historians that mrs. wilson essentially became the president. we have one document here that sheds a little bit of light on that. it is a telegram from henry morgan paul, the ambassador to turkey, and he is writing to dr. cary grayson, asking if the president has any objections to a citizens meeting to protest against turks being left in control of constantinople. morgenthal has been asked to speak at this meeting and he is asking permission, he does not want to embarrass the president, so he is asking for device. at the bottom of the telegram is handwriting that is edith's handwriting. we are familiar enough with her handwriting to recognize it as such. at the bottom she writes, "thinks it well to postpone speaking on such subjects." what we don't know is, did edith take this telegram and to wilson, ask his opinion, then write that, or did she just come to that conclusion herself? the public was very interested and curious to know the condition of wilson's health. so there were rumors that were rampant in the papers, even congressmen did not know what was going on. they only knew what they read in the papers. after it was all over, cary grayson later wrote a summary of what happened, from the time of the stroke until wilson left the white house. on the last page, the decision was made to announce that wilson was suffering from nervous exhaustion. there were no other details given as to what was wrong with him. really, nobody knew the extent of his illness, that he really was not capable of doing anything. "i dr. grayson thought it was wise to issue general statements only. further, mrs. wilson, the president's wife, was opposed to any other course." she did not want it to be known that he was really suffering. again, she was protecting her husband. she wanted him to be able to fulfill his duties as president. she was worried about his legacy. she ultimately was concerned about his health, and she felt if he left the presidency, left the white house, he would just waste away and die. this is woodrow wilson's 1919 residential limousine. i imagine edith loved writing in this car. she liked the final -- finding finer things. she owned a jewelry store after her first husband passed away. i imagine she relished the luxury of being transported in a car such as this. edith was very independent. she was one of the first women in d.c. to have an electric car. she drove around town in it. to give you a better sense of her style and fashion i can take you upstairs and show you some close. edith wilson was a stylish lady. she was a lady of society and she dressed the part. what of my favorite pieces -- and we have photographs of edith wearing this -- is the fox stole. it was very fashionable in the early part of the 20th century. a lot of high-society women were this. we have another fur edith would have worn. another piece is this black evening dress. this is a perfect example of an evening dress that would have complemented by one of the furs that she owned. two very special pieces we have our two downs. gowns. these two are from the 1920's come in 1930's. it would've been after wilson passed away. these are not of the wilson. but they did belong to edith. they look rather shapeless hanging on a hanger, but the idea was that the shoulders would've hung and just draped and kind of clone to the body -- clung to the body. from this, you can tell that edith was a large woman. broad shouldered, broad chested, rather buxom. some of these close we can tell that edith was a member of high society, a woman of fashion. she was very comfortable wearing expensive fabrics, expensive clothes. she enjoyed going out on the armor the president wearing such downs. >> first lady florence harding played a major role in it -- in her husband's campaign. >> all of the action took place on this very poor cheer. -- porch here. during speeches, worn would stand on the steps here. they would wave to the crowd who were parading down mount vernon avenue towards the house. this was a perfect track -- backdrop for the campaign. not only did it show the human side of the hardings, the fact they did not live in a mansion, they live in a very normal house like most of the folks coming to see him speak. they wanted to feature this town as well. worn himself often said that this am pain was taking main street to the white house. -- campaign was taking main street to the white house. florence was very much a part of the message. she was a visible part of the campaign. she was always near him on the front porch when he was speaking. she gave interviews herself to magazines, especially women's magazines. she alternated between being the savvy politician to being the homebody, the wife, the caretaker of the candidate. she knew how politics works. she knew the different sides of her that would have to be portrayed as part of the campaign. -- campaign in order to make his campaign successful for him. she is not afraid to wade into a crowd. she is not hanging back. she is in the line, shaking hands alongside the president. going to hundreds if not thousands of people. standing there as long as it takes to shake hands and greet people. we see a florence harding who knows how her husband is going to get to the white house -- through the vote. it is very important politically, but she absolutely believes in the people of the united states. >> every detail is thought-out. you put a lot of energy and a lot of time into those little things that make your house different from your neighbors. this house is really florence's house. all the things in the house -- the stained-glass windows, hardwood floors, tile around the fireplace -- that is all florence. she is bringing her influence of what she has experienced in life into this marriage, into the house. this really is a very, very personal space for them. this key is a very special key. it is hinged, so it fits in your pocket. it folds of bananas need. mr. hart -- it folds up, and that is neat. mr. harding carried this key for a long time. it was the key to his newspaper building, "the marion star." you cannot dig about it without bringing florence into the picture. she had the circulation department for 12 years. it was very much a joint enterprise between the two of them, certainly a sense of pride. it was something that was kind of their baby. i would like to take you into the using them on our site to other things connected to "the marion star. mrs. harding kept the books that the "star." this is an accounting book in her handwriting. she's keeping track of the money going in and out. worn work the editorial side. she is running the business. she's keeping the books, running the circulation department, assembling newsboys and starts home delivery of the newspaper for the first time. so you don't have to come to the newspaper office to buy your newspaper. you can have it tossed on your front porch. also, in this case, we have the timestamp from "the marion star." a picture of the building at that time. that does not stand any more. florence harding at a very -- had a very business-like mine. she's a little bit out of step with other women in her time. because of that. her father was a businessman atop her about giving books and mortgages and other parts of the business world, things that most women would not have an interest in nor would have anyone taken time to teach them, as well. this sets her up nicely to with worn at the "marion star." he needs help keeping the place afloat. he finds it difficult to hound people to pay their bills. she does not. she does not shy away from that at all. that frees him up to do what he does best, which is the editorial process. the relationship with advertisers in town. it is a win-win situation for the newspaper at works really well for the two of them. >> after graduating from the university of vermont, future first lady grace coolidge work at a school for the deaf. it was the place where she met her husband. >> this is the school for the deaf were calvin and grace met for the first time. she was a teacher living in a dorm here. he was a tenant on a boarding house on the property. she lived up here in the second floor of this building. we are standing in a courtyard area. there would have been a flower garden. she would've attended to it in her free time. right beside us is were calvin: lived as a border -- calvin coolidge lived as a border. he would've stood there watching grace in the flower garden. she caught a glimpse of him standing there watching her in his undershirt. he was watching her tend the rose garden. >> we are now in grace's bedroom. the part of the room below them was available for them to meet up. we are now in the parlor room of the dormitory that grace coolidge lived in. in this room is where calvin and grace, when they were courting, would meet up and be able to sit and talk and have some time together. despite him being in his 30's and her in her 20's, and they had to abide by the rules of the school and needed to meet some meet somewhere where they could be chaperoned. >> plymouth notch is the birthplace and boyhood home of calvin coolidge. he was born in a little house attached to the back of the store that his father operated. when he was four, he moved across the road to the building we now know as the coolidge homestead. this was quite even back in the roaring 20s. -- quaint even back in the roaring 20s. she loved to watch and would go down -- walk and would go down to the cemetery, especially after her son calvin junior died. she did a lot of knitting and other types of handwork was you was here. she just enjoyed the country area. she was a burlington girl, growth in the biggest town in vermont. when she was growing up her house had electricity and plumbing. when she came here, this is very much a country home. no electricity or plumbing in the house where she stayed with her husband. this is the kitchen. this is where they would've had breakfast and lunch and some suppers, too, i'm sure. there is no real dining room in the house. it is very simple. there was one running faucet in the kitchen and i was the only plumbing in the entire house. this is quite a contrast to a grace had been experiencing not only as a child growing up in burlington, which was kind of sophisticated at the time, as well as in the white house years when she had all of the modern luxuries. this is a two-hole privy. this is not what she was used to. hearing all the reports about grace, she probably took this in good stride and regarded this as part of her experience with her husband. this is part of the bedroom set that grace and calvin used when they were here at the coolidge have instead -- homestead. it is a simple set of furniture. it is very typical of furniture circa 1870's or so. the rooms are small in this house and not the spacious rooms they were accustomed to at the white house, certainly. she was among the select group in the family sitting room that was witness to the swearing-in of calvin coolidge after all -- after harding died. we now know this room was the oath of office room. this is where the family gathered were president coolidge was administered the oath of office. all the furnishings in here are original. there gathered around the central table. the pen that was used to sign the documents, the lamp that with the scene, but the bible that was here but not official use in the swearing because that was not required by vermont law. grace would have stood about where i am now and there is a famous painting by arthur teller of the homestead inaugural. it shows the group gathered around and she is right next to calvin's side. >> let's head into the vault where we keep specific things about the coolidge family. grace coolidge's earlier life for her marriage to calvin coolidge as well as documents about her relationship with her family, specifically her sons and grandchildren. grace is not only a loving wife, she was also a loving mother. we have some wonderful correspondence. in 1922 grace wrote to the head of an academy were both of her sons were. she writes, is there a way in which we can arrange for calvin junior to have a soft oiled egg for breakfast or a time without great inconvenience? he had had a minor surgery and grace was very worried about his health. the other letter we have is written by calvin junior. this is written in 1924. like many songs, -- sons, he talked about his schooling, his close, because he was growing out of them, and traveling back to d.c. to visit his mom and dad. here is an interesting side note obviously, he forgot to put something in the letter. "send me some socks." it is sad because we see it at the last documented letter that we have before he suddenly passes away while in washington dc, less than a month later. shortly after his death, people wrote to the president and first lady in the white house sending their condolences. as was common at the time, grace and calvin egg knowledge their sympathies by sending letters in reply thanking them for their condolences and sympathy. these letters were always ordered in black as a way of showing a were in morning. mourning.re in we have quite a few of those letters in our collection. grace and calvin had two sons. calvin junior was the younger. john coolidge did not die young and lived to an old age. we have a wonderful letter from john to his mother on her birthday. is a wonderful letter where it describes his love. dearest mother, just to let you know i am thinking of you on your birthday and loving you as no oil has ever loved his mother. -- boy has ever loved his mother. john and grace had a very close relationship. he never really said much about how the passing of his brother affected the family. he was very quiet on that. you can tell from the letters between john and grace until her passing -- there were letters many times a year and they were very, very close. whether that was increased by calvin junior's passing or not, there is no way of knowing although i would assume that is the case. >> i wish you both a very happy christmas and a bright and prosperous new year. >> it is a pleasure to greet you, mr. santa claus. and have you open the seals which begins on thanks giving day of this year. >> would you mind autographing some of the christmas seals as a special favor for santa claus? >> why, i should be delighted. it is one of the things that i do best. it is a good thing you have, santa claus. >> my father, santa claus, give it to me. >> oh! it has some of the dog's hair in it. >> grown up a tomboy, first lady lou hoover got her fondness for the outdoors from her father. >> the father wanted a boy, which is why we think the name lou -- it is not sure for anything, it is actually lou -- as a result of that, he takes her out. she becomes a tomboy of the era. she was had to go fish, shoot, camping. she is learning about the outdoors and loving it. this is a .22 rifle owned by lou. what i love about this is that you have this photograph. it is an early photograph of her on top of this mule looking pretty rough and tough there with a bunch of provisions. then she has this gun. very annie oakley to me. one of her most famous essays is "independent girl. the interesting thing is that she is talking about being someone independent and doing her own thing, but at the end, "sooner or later she will meet a spirit equally as independent as her own." then there is a clash of arms and in mortal kombat or they will unite and take on the world." this is her diary from 1891- 1892. she is talking about her life. one of the things she talks about her loft is her botany classes and going out hiking. she really likes to be in the outdoors. she refers here -- mrs. palmer and i were a good match for climbing. we beat the others all to pieces. we found a lot of flowers. lizards and frogs. all these things that are just a lot of fun to be outside in the world. as part of that class, they are also drawings sketches of flowers. there are flowers and butterflies. different kinds of things. they had the latin name with them as well. it would be something she had learned from her class. lou does not write about herself, necessarily. she writes about the experiences of her life. she is a highly educated woman at this time. both her mom and dad created a loose, open, here you go, if you would learn something we will encourage that and allow you to do that. she was able to do that and explore that as fully as she could. >> the first time mr. hoover came to rapid end camp, they came in on horseback on a horse trail and came up to the headwaters with at the river where there was 164 acres for sale sandwiched between two small streams. in those days it was five dollars an acre. for less than $1000 they purchased 164 beautiful acres here in the mountains. she was instrumental in the design of this camp. it very much shows her love of nature and her simplicity, we what she enjoyed about being outdoors. it is all wrapped up into buildings that were opposite of what they had in other aspects of their lives. they were trying to create a retreat where they could relax and get back to nature. lou wanted the house to be as much outside as possible. she had it designed where the windows would open, the panels will float down -- fold down, screens would let the air in. she could smell the outdoors smells coming through right into her room. she did the inside but at the same time have a feeling of being outside. the sun porch was her office and it is a beautiful room with windows around again so the light can be natural all day long. in fact, there are not any lights in their at all. no electric lights hanging from the ceiling. it is all natural sunlight coming in. she had a desk and there were she would spend hours writing letters. much of what we know about rapid end camp comes from the letters she wrote there. many of the guests would set out here. we have lots of pictures with the hoovers and guest sitting right here on this porch. mrs. hoover love to smell the smoke of a campfire and she wanted to have that smell in camp all day long. mrs. hoover wanted her gardens to be different than what she had the white house. she wanted them to be very informal. in fact, she is quoted as saying she wanted them to be a little bit wild-ish. she did not want formal beds. she wanted everything out there randomly. she wanted her paths to be lined with rock so you could find your way but nothing very outstanding. she wanted it to blend in. the rock structure behind me is lou's fountain. it is a rustic fountain made out of rocks from the local area. this was a rock garden. his is what she referred to as a rockery. she emphasized rocks because that was her love of geology. >> we are at the lou henry hoover house here on the campus of stanford university. it is significant because this is the primary residence of the hoovers. this was known as family headquarters and it is significant as it relates to lou hoover because she was the one who designed it. she worked with several architects to come up with the plans and they gave her advice. she was the driving force behind the design of the house. it was something that impressed the architects that helped her with the formal blueprints and plans. she had such a strong grasp of design and how she wanted the house to look even though she was not an architect. that was not her professional training. she was a geologist, but she had a very good sense of space and design, how she wanted the house to look. it was something that she intimately is involved in. -- was involved in. we're lucky to have a lot of the original documents and correspondence relating to the design and construction of the house. we are looking at the documentation related to the building and design of the lou henry hoover house. it is especially important because it shows how involved lou henry was in designing the house. here are some the earliest drawings we have from the design of the house. here we have some details about the cabinets they were going to be installing. a little footstool, here. some design details that were likely sketched by lou henry herself. a lot of lou henry's influence came from hurt travels in the southwest of the united states. also from her travels in north africa out, which he traveled with herbert hoover, so there is definitely an influence of native cultures, non-american cultures, but also native american cultures influencing the architecture of the house. you can see here that there was an initial design for arches above the doorway. that was changed. there are definitely a lot of arches in the house, as well. what we have here are some floor plans of the house. they show details of the rooms. the living room, there, the terrace. you can see the rooms are designed in a way where they easily exit out into the outside, the outdoors. it is a great legacy of lou and a's because she designed the house, she created it. it was inspired by her ideas. she had very close involvement in all aspects of the house's creation. >> i am very glad that as your honorary president, is my honor to receive the support of the -- girl scouts council. and so it is with great joy that i give to you the messages of thanks from many groups. [indiscernible] >> encouraged by fdr, first lady eleanor roosevelt bought a residence to develop her own job ideas and later became her home after his death. >> let's go upstairs to where the bedrooms are located in we will climb a historically creaky staircase. this room here is her master bedroom. in this room, franklin roosevelt takes prime footage with the largest portrait in the room. mrs. roosevelt's that is somewhat interesting in its addiction and it shows how mrs. roosevelt referred her laundry to be delivered by household staff. folded and placed upon her bed. she would place it throughout the cottage. on close examination of the laundry, it reveals it is all monogrammed. we have mrs. roosevelt's monogram on the main towels. we also have nancy's monogram on some of the linens. some of the linens are jointly monogrammed with the initials e.m.n. that was pretty consistent. when i look to this room, it just surprises me that a lady who was born into wealth, that married into wealth, and generated wealth in her lifetime would live in such a simple fashion. the bed is surely not an elaborate bed for a woman who was 5'11" tall. she had a simple lifestyle. it stands out. this is eleanor roosevelt's sleeping porch. it is a very important area here. this is where mrs. roosevelt would come in the evening at approximately 11:00 after saying good night to her guests. it was a private space for her. the little scottish terrier dog that is so famous with and roosevelt story would accompany her to this area and spend the night here with her. this is where she would sit, do some last-minute letter writing, maybe some last-minute reading, and then retire for the evening. she referred to this area as being like a tree house since it is surrounded with glass, screened in areas. she can overlook her property, faulkhill creek, the stone outage, which was so important in the early years. this is her private space where she could get away at the cottage for a short while and be with herself. when she fell in love with franklin roosevelt back in 1905 when they got married, they would move in with franklin's mother. she operated this estate since the year 1900, when sarah's elderly husband, mr. james roosevelt, had passed away. because this was sarah's home, she made the decisions here. she also handled the finances of the family and was most definitely the matriarch of the family. this is where the family gathered for the daily mail, the activity of the room in porton because it reflects the interaction of the family. sara roosevelt sat at the head of the table, franklin roosevelt at the upper end, and eleanor roosevelt would find whichever seat was comfortable for her. she did not have an assigned a seat at this table. this is the bedroom that franklin and eleanor shared as adults. up until 1918, when infidelity was discovered within the marriage. from that point on, mrs. roosevelt insisted on not sharing the same bed with franklin roosevelt. at that time, mrs. roosevelt chose a bad room right next to this room, and it has a doorway coming right in. this was an area where she could be by herself. it was a bit of a private space. the furniture in this room was used by mrs. roosevelt, one of the few areas where she could get privacy. when they were both here, it was a given they would vote here in the big house. if for some reason franklin was not at hyde park, mrs. roosevelt here on her own was spent her time a couple short miles away from the site. in this direction we have the entrance to sara delano roosevelt's room, sandwiched between sarah and her husband franklin, the same as in their lifetime she was sandwiched between franklin and his mother, sarah. the involvement of mrs. roosevelt in the political career of franklin roosevelt is right from the beginning. but she becomes much more active in her role after 1921, when franklin roosevelt contracted polio. she would encourage franklin roosevelt to continue with his political ambitions and she would join forces with political strategist. this was the room where their strategies were laid out. it was important because lewis howell and mrs. roosevelt did not have a real close relationship until the polio came into the story. lewis howell was with franklin roosevelt since 1910, when he started his political career. they would encourage franklin, in a sense against the wishes of franklin's mother, sarah. sarah felt as franklin contracted polio, thinking of the resources of the family, that franklin could very easily live his life out here at springwood in the role of the gentleman estate keeper. mrs. roosevelt and howell would encourage just the opposite and motivate franklin. louis howe would be a big influence because he would tutor mrs. roosevelt and her public speaking and teach her how to put emphasis on certain words, how to control her very interesting voice that sometimes went high-pitched. soon, mrs. roosevelt would be comfortable with her public speaking and realize the power of that ability. some i think it was a self- serving of mrs. roosevelt, because when you think of the gentleman estate keeper, his wife would also be confined to the estate. by franklin roosevelt pursuing his political ambitions, mrs. roosevelt would enjoy a certain freedom. her tutoring relative to our public speaking was very important because very shy eleanor roosevelt was a little intimidated by public speaking. she was suddenly realize she had the ability to conquer that fear through the tutoring and she would realize the power of public speaking. and in this case, the power was that it kept franklin roosevelt's image alive to the american public until he addresses the democratic convention in 1924. >> good evening, ladies and gentlemen. i'm speaking to you tonight at a very serious moment in our history. the cabinet is convening and the leaders of congress are meeting with the president. the state department and army and navy officials have been with the president all afternoon. the japanese ambassador was talking to the president at the very time that japan's airships were bombing our citizens in hawaii and the philippines, sinking one of our transports loaded with lumber on its way to hawaii. by tomorrow morning, the members of congress will have a full report and be ready for action. in the meantime, we the people are already prepared for action. for months now, the knowledge that something of this kind might happen has been hanging over our heads. yet it seemed impossible to believe, impossible to drop the everyday things, and not preparing to meet an enemy in a matter where he strikes. that is well over now. there is no more uncertainty. we know what we have to face and we know that we are ready to face it. >> as a young woman growing up in missouri, first lady bess truman would often be paid a visit by her neighbors relative, harry truman. >> when my grandfather visited independence, 26 miles from where he lived at the time in grandview in 1910, he often stayed across the street at the nolan house, which is where his aunt and two cousins lived. one afternoon he was over there with his cousins, with the family, and his aunt brought a cake plate. that my great-grandmother, madge wallace, had given her a cake. mrs. nolan had cleaned the cake plate and was asking if anybody would take it back over. and my grandfather moved with what my mother once described as approaching the speed of light and grabbed the cake plate and moved over here, rang the front door in the hope, of course, that my grandmother would answer the door. and she did. and she invited him in, and that is the beginning of their formal courtship in 1910. they first met in sunday school, when my grandmother was five and my grandfather was six. they were baptists. my grandfather's family was baptists, but the first presbyterian church demonstrate had a good sunday school, and that is what my great- grandmother was interested in, a good sunday school. so she took grandpa over there one day to talk to the reverend. as she was talking, sunday school was in session. as she was talking to the reverend, my grandfather noticed this little girl sitting in sunday school class with what he described beautiful blue eyes and long golden curls. he sort of fell in love with her right then and there. as far as i know, as far as anybody knows, never look at another woman. we are on the back porch of my grandparents' home in independence, missouri. this is the way the family came in, through the kitchen door. came into the kitchen. the first place i always headed was back here to the pantry. and i don't see the tin, but there was always a tin in here on one of the shelves of nice round tin filled with brownies. i was made sure that was in here before i went anywhere else in the house. once i made sure the brownies were in the tin, the next stop had to be my grandfather's study. because whenever you came into the house, he did not meet us at the airport when he got older, but when she came into the house, you had to stop here and say hi to grandpa. this is where you found him most of the time as he was getting older and i was getting older. if i wanted to talk to grandpa, this is where i looked because he was always reading. my grandmother and my mother sat in those chairs and often read in here with him. apparently my grandmother and mother always used to start fights where my grandfather would read down to the end of the page, mark is place with his finger, and look up and tried to decide if the fight was escalating to the point where he had to get out of the room. if everything was ok, he would read down to the next page. sometimes he left, sometimes he stayed. this is the formal dining room. this is where we ate the evening meal every day. we had breakfast in the kitchen, a sandwich or something for lunch, but this is where we ate all formal dinner meals. my grandmother sat at that end of the table is where she sat. closest to the kitchen, i think. so if we go through here, in the center of the house, in the foyer, you'll notice that the biggest portrait in the house is that of my late mother, margaret truman daniel. she was their only child, only conceived after my grandmother suffered two miscarriages. my grandmother was 39 when she was born, so she was very precious to my grandparents and they were very close as a family unit. my grandfather kind of spoiled her. i grandmother was more of the disciplinarian. the three of them were very, very tight as a family. because she was their only child. and if we go through this way, we are in the living room. this chair is where my grandmother later in her life, this is where she did her reading. after my grandfather passed away, this is often where my grandmother sat. she read a murder mysteries. she loved murder mysteries. she had stacks of them on either side of the chair. she would have a stack on the side, that she had not read yet, and she had an out stack. it would be donated or put on the shelf after she read them, but this is where she spent a lot of her time. she gave a lot of those cast-off murder mysteries to my mother, who do the same thing, reading with stacks on either side of the chair, and mom, of course, eventually became a mystery writer. this painting was originally painted as my grandmother's official white house portrait. in the 1960s, lady bird johnson went looking for portraits of first ladies to hang, re-hang in the white house. she thought that was important. she looked high and low and cannot find my grandmother's official portrait. so she called my grandmother and said, mrs. truman, do you know where the painting is, what can i find it. the grandmother said, yeah, it's on my wall. mrs. johnson said, you really should not have that, it belongs in the white house. my grandmother said, no, that is my painting, it is on my wall, and that is where it is going to stay. i think mrs. johnson tried a couple of more times but eventually gave up. there were two copies made by the artists. one of them hangs in the truman library down the road, the other is in the white house, but those are the copies. this is the original portrait. >> first lady mamie eisenhower's sense of style got her noticed by the fashion world. >> she often worked with one of her favorite designers for her suits and day wear outfits. this is the outfit that she wore to the formal opening of the saint lawrence seaway, where she and ike met queen elizabeth and prince philip. this is a printed cotton fabric with many of the houses the eisenhowers lived in during their marriage. it also includes the five-star symbol. these are a few examples of mamie's day dresses. she was very fond of the color pink. many of the dresses are sleeveless. she said her arms were ike's favorite feature, so she chose to show them off. this is a handmade rest that shows her attention to budget. this has an exceptionally long hem that she would raise and lower. jackie kennedy is well known for the little black dress. here are two examples of mamie's little black dress. mamie always said that she would never dress like a little old lady. these gowns show her love of bright colors and wild fabrics. like any high-fashion lady of the day, she loved hats. this is a small sampling of some in the collection. one of her favorite is honors with sally victor. no one outfit is complete without a fabulous pair of shoes. nobody knew that better than mamie. her love of fashion to not begin in the white house. this dress and undergarment from the mid-1920s shows her love of fashion. she was about 30 years old, too old to be considered a flapper, but still stylish for the day. let's look at some of the exhibits that focus on her style. mamie is well-known for her trademark hairstyle. you could even purchase fake bangs to put into your hair at all of the drugstores in the 1950s. she would regularly go to the elizabeth arden salons. elizabeth arden had one of her hair stylists create the drawing so that she could take them with her so she had to go to another stylist, her hair would always be perfect. unlike ike who grew up in a poor family of all sons, she was from a well-to-do family of all daughters. she attended a finishing school and we have her report card from the school in denver, colorado. while she got a b in english, she actually got a c-minus in european history and a c in french. who knew that in later years as a military wife and future first lady that she would be so well traveled and have so much to do with european history. we actually have a special passport issued to mamie. in 1945. this is when she could go join her husband ike when he was the first military commander of the u.s. occupied germany at the end of world war ii. while in germany, she actually purchased this sterling silver pin. mamie renewed her passport one more time a few years later to travel with ike. we have her inoculation card. this is from 1951, when he was commander of the naval forces, stationed in france. mamie loved charms. early on, ike bought her this west point football charm showing the army and navy game scores in 1913 and 1914 when ike was coach of the army football team. this calvary-themed sterling silver pendant was purchased by ike for mamie when he was stationed in the philippines working for general macarthur. mamie could not always travel with ike, but she was often on his mind. these bangles were purchased in north africa in 1943 during operation torch in the invasion of north africa during world war ii. as first lady, her military connections continued. as she christened the uss nautilus in 1954, the nautilus was the first nuclear-powered naval vessel and the silver sleeve of the champagne bottle that she smashed against the hull. as a military wife, she took great pride in creating a home in each of the 36 places they lived during their marriage. as a young girl, mamie was diagnosed with a heart conditions. in later years, she was ordered to stay in bed three days a week. that was a little much for her, so she compromised and stayed in bed every day until noon. she was a busy lady. she would get up in the morning, do her hair, put on her makeup, then wear a lovely bed jacket and lay back in bed. while wearing the bed jackets, she would often meet with her secretary to plan the day. as first lady, she ran the white house with military precision. her schedules were often blocked out in five minute permits per day. we have schedules from every year that mamie was first lady. on the schedule, we see not only did she have a diplomatic dinner, but the next morning she was cutting the ribbon at the national presbyterian church bazaar. some of the things that she would discuss with her social secretary were of a personal nature. here she is shopping for christmas gifts for their grandchildren and notes to buy this doll for her granddaughter, susan. she was always good with figures and would keep notes say she would not go over budget. >> having a keen sense of fashion, jacqueline kennedy was admired for her clothing ensembles. >> mrs. kennedy is known as a style icon. the first ensemble that she wore as first lady, of course, was on inauguration day. this grayish color dress and coat designed by oleg cassini. the only thing that she wore to adorn the ensemble was a beautiful ruby brooch by tiffany that jfk gave her to celebrate the birth of john junior, right after the swearing in. and of course most famously finishing the ensemble was the poll box hat. she wore that on the back of her head so her face could be seen. that actually set a fashion trend. whereas the hat would normally be worn on the top of the head, she had a pushed back to sort of free her face. displayed here at its storage boxes perhaps one of mrs. kennedy's best-known dresses, the dress that she wore during her televised tour of the white house in february 1962. visitors to our museum when we have this dress on exhibit are quite surprised to realize it is red, because of course the program was filmed in black-and- white and broadcast in black and white. but i like to surmise that she chose red for that program, knowing it would be televised on valentine's day 1962. let's go into the museum and look at other examples of jacqueline kennedy's clothing we have on display. mrs. kennedy put an awful lot of thought into her wardrobe when she was representing the country, both at the white house and while traveling abroad. she would think about what colors would mean something to the country i'm about to visit. so for her visit to canada in 1961, actually the first state visit the kennedys made as president and first lady lady, she chose this red suit by pierre cardin, also knowing that she would be greeted by the canadian royal mounted police. here we have a green coat and hat worn by the first lady lady for her arrival in bogotá colombia in december 1961. the president and first lady traveled through south america on that visit, greeted by hundreds of thousands of people, overwhelming response. particularly when mrs. kennedy would address the crowds in spanish. i really admire the thought that mrs. kennedy put into her wardrobe. she would think about the event she was attending or the country she was visiting. was there a style or particular color that she could wear that would mean something to her hosts, and she also knew the advantage of choosing a color or style that would make her stand out in a crowd. in her oral history, mrs. kennedy speaks at greatly about president kennedy's love of reading, love of history, his belief in the power of words. and that is something, that is a belief they both shared. what i like about this story here is it shows -- it is an example of that belief in the power of words. it's a great example of the collaboration between husband and wife. this is very early in his presidential campaign, late 1959. in those early days, mrs. kennedy traveled with him on the campaign trail as much as possible. this is a reading copy of a speech he presented in washington state in june of 1959. mrs. kennedy was with him at that dinner. president kennedy obviously had a speech writer, but he would often rewrite and edit his speeches up until the moment he was about to deliver it. at this particular dinner, as he was waiting to speak, he wanted to close his speech with some verses from "ulysses." so he actually asked mrs. kennedy, give me the last lines from "ulysses." and the following in her hand is the rest of the poem which she knew from memory giving him the words. from a young age, jacquelyn love to write. she would often create poems as gifts to her parents. on christmas and birthdays, she would write a poem and illustrate it. we have some early examples when she was about 10 years old. while at school in connecticut where she went to high school, she wrote a really wonderful essay called "be kind and do your share." "be kind and do your share, that is all there is to it." and she goes on about helping others in life is so important and how it is easy to just say a kind word to somebody, all the difference it can make to that person. this scrapbook is called "one special summer." after graduating from school, jackie's parents, her mother and stepfather, sent jackie and her sister on summer through europe. as a token of appreciation for that gift, they collaborated together on this scrapbook to give to the parents to let them know about their inventors. it is a combination of snapshots they took, and written descriptions of the different places they visited, the people they met. these really wonderful, whimsical sketches done by jackie. in the fall of 1950, jacqueline entered "vogue" writing contest. here we have her hand written application as a student from george washington university. she won the contest. her winning essays, one was a self-portrait where i think she wonderfully describes herself as tall, 5'7", with brown hair, square face and eyes so unfortunately far apart that it takes three weeks to have a pair of glasses made with a bridge wide enough to fit over my nose. as an example, i think of her love of writing, the power of words, she is asked in question three of the essay, who are three people in history that you wish you would have known? the first two that she mentions are charles baudelaire, the french poet, and oscar wilde, the author, in addition to a russian ballet impresario. in the early 1950s, jacqueline bouvier was hired as the camera girl for "the washington times herald." on display at the camera that she used as she went through the streets of washington, interviewing people, asking questions, creating columns. one column we have on display is prophetic because she is interviewing vice president nixon and senator john f. kennedy, who of course would be adversaries in the 1960 presidential campaign. i think all of these examples of her early writings -- and she did write through her life -- but i think if her life had been may be somewhat different, she would have been a writer of some kind may be professionally. as we know when her later life, the last part of her life she was a very prolific editor of books in new york city on books of several different topics. >> first lady lady bird johnson enjoyed the time she and the president could spend at their ranch resting and relaxing. >> the living room is the oldest room in the house, dating back to the 1890s. she would refer to this as our heart home. have a few things that speak to her connection to the room. one of the things that she wanted to highlight was the native american heritage in the hill country. have a small collection of arrowheads. mrs. johnson actually had her daughters, linda and lucy, look for arrowheads, and mrs. johnson would pay them one dollar each for each arrowhead. linda was doing quite a bit better collecting them, and it turns out she was paying her schoolmates $.50 per arrowhead, then collecting a dollar from her mother. she had an eye for copper and collected various items. one of the things that draws attention, three television sets. at that time, the three major networks would all show the news at the same time. the president would turn down the volume on the television set he did not want to watch. mrs. johnson's favorite program was "gunsmoke" and she routinely altered her schedule so she could catch an episode of her favorite western. shortly after lyndon johnson became president, the ranch was called the texas white house and life at the ranch revolved around the home. the johnsons returned home 74 times during his five years as president. mrs. johnson as first lady love to show off the texas hill country and her home. guests would often informally gather in the den and various heads of state came to visit. the president of mexico, the west german chancellor and the israeli prime minister to name a few. they would visit with the johnsons right here in the den. the dining room was a special place for lady bird johnson, where she entertained, she picked out the wallpaper depicting a country seen very similar to the hill country. very similar to what she would have seen out of her picture window that she had installed at her request. mrs. johnson gave a tour of the house in 1968 that was filmed, where she featured the china uc purchased here in mexico. the president would sit down at this end of the table, where we have the cowhide chair. typically, mrs. johnson at the other end of the table. one feature that you will notice next to the president, a telephone. president johnson loved working the telephones, and in the middle of a meal could make a call or answer a call. mrs. johnson was not necessarily happy with that but she got used to it because lyndon johnson was such a workaholic. as first lady she spent a lot of time at the ranch. it is very important because it was a respite from all of the turmoil of washington, particularly later in the presidency where they could recharge and make the connection back with the land and this place they valued so much. this is mrs. johnson's private bedroom. it was part of the 1960 seven remodeling. she specified to the designers she wanted this to be her forever room. she specified certain elements that she wanted, a fireplace, east facing windows, and a large bookcase to display so many mementos and keepsakes she gathered through the years, the birds, the china, and also cameras. lyndon johnson gave mrs. johnson a camera for her wedding gift. she became quite the photojournalist. she had an eight millimeter camera to capture home movies. we have hours and hours, as well as the recorder where mrs. johnson every night at the white house would record her daily observations. this became the basis for the book "a white house diary" a very insightful commentary of the tumultuous years of the 1960s. also in the space we have all of the former -- formalwear, a lot of colorful outfits, shoes. favorites, the straw hat with the bluebonnets. and then the importance of family. those matters so much to her. to her children and grandchildren, she was known as mimi. lady bird johnson had a great sense of history. i had the fortune to meet lady bird johnson while working at the harry s truman historical site. see how the truman story was being interpreted, knowing one day her story would be told at the ranch. >> we are at the lbj library. i was her social secretary from 1976 until 1990. a typical day would the her coming at about 9:00. she would come in with a straw bag in each hand, filled with some of the things you see on her desk. she had taken them home for signing or speechwriting, event planning, whatever she was working on. she would always say when she came into the office she felt burrobe ro -- felt like a . her desk was always orderly. she had her calendar that she would work, her daybook. she kept files on heard desk while she was working on. trips she was taking. she was on the board of one of the banks, national geographic, the smithsonian. she would keep them in large envelopes with the titles and dates so she could act them out, work on them, and post everything back in them. as she worked on her desk with letters she was processing, which he completed things, she would put them on the floor. stayed in the office most of the day making phone calls are working on projects that she loved so much. she loved this office because she could look out at her all mum on her and over to the capital, the city that she loved so much. she would stay here all day. that was pretty much monday through friday. when we were having guests at the ranch, she would sometimes go out a few days early and stand a different guest rooms to check on the water and the light, the electricity, to be sure everything was working, the tv's in the different room. we would also make a stop to the that to pick up magazines were guest specific for whoever was coming to the ranch for the weekend. very thoughtful, very meticulous, very gracious about that. we had three office staff at the time. we had the person who handled her calendar, a person who came from the white house as her press secretary that helped her work on speeches, and then i was in the office. that chair was usually occupied by one of us a good part of the day. as we rotated doing project she was working on. by friday afternoon, she was ready to leave and go to the ranch, which she called home. about 3:30 in the afternoon she would say, do i have anything else to do? if the answer was no, she would say, tell the secret service i'm ready to go. woulduld get up and we pack the saddlebags and she would take off and head out to the ranch. i was so fortunate to be here and learn so much from her. the way she did things, the way she entertained. i liked the way she entertained. i think that's one reason we did so well together. i love her sense of making people feel at home. she was so good at it. >> growing up in a small farm in california, first lady pat nixon learned the values from an early age. >> she spent a lot of time working at the farm. there is an account of 1941. she kept the books. she was 19 years old when this was happening, and she talks about how it was a year ago january, so this shows you how difficult it was to make a living. she barely made and me. she took on a lot of jobs. she was a personal shopper. she became a model, and she got on the lease for paramount actors to be an extra in films. jumping from job to job, she had a thing from 1935. you can see her dancing in the film, but her speaking role was cut out. this shows her name and the restrictions one had to go through. eventually she had enough money to obtain her degree. she became a teacher. >> mrs. nixon is one of the most widely traveled first ladies in our countries history. this was her diplomatic passport used during her time of first lady. the passport is full of stamps relating to the different nations they visited. mrs. nixon wanted to go out into the field and see people. she wanted to see what she could do to help. these tags were used on her second to last trip as first lady. this was the first time a president and first lady had ever been to israel. these tags were on mrs. nixon's personal luggage. let's see some of the things during her travels for as first lady. >> we have a lot of samples of gift given to her. this is something given to her in 1969 from the belgian kingdom. this was made out of rubies and diamonds. this was given to mrs. nixon by the prime minister of italy back in 1970. during her historic trip to china, her historic -- her extensive travels took her to the beijing zoo, then known as the peking zoo. she learned about the pandas. and she noticed how she was looking at the packages, and he said, i understand you also admire the pandas at the zoo. she said, aren't they darling. he said, we will make sure you have some pandas to go home with. there were two of them. one of them was transported in this great. he obviously said, but her on. it was important to support her husband just by being there. they would always say what a wonderful job pat nixon did. >> this is a special place. >> her casket was placed right up here. the nixon family sat right here and on the other side presidents reagan and ford. this was a special place, in particular because mrs. nixon was instrumental for the grand opening of the nixon library. she loved her roses. this is the pat nixon rose, and developed by a french designer. it is the only road is continuing to grow off the white house. this is the final resting place, only steps away from the humble farmhouse. there is a brief story behind the epitaph, which she chose herself. it dates back to the trip to peru she took in 1970. she wanted to meet the people affected by this devastating earthquake. she wanted to find out what she could do to help. she replied even when people cannot speak your language they can tell if you have love in your heart. >> first lady betty ford wanted to elevate fashion design in america. >> she wanted to promote american fashion. this was a gown she wore to her first head of state even. it was designed by a lady named frankie welsch who had a boutique in alexandria, virginia. this she wore for her official portrait as first lady. this is a dress some people might recognize. she wore this gown for a portrait taken of the family and featured on the cover of time magazine, but she also liked practical design as well. a fellow from new york designed a number of dresses and gowns for her, very practical, inexpensive, but for her very functional. she would wear these outfits to arrival ceremonies for dignitaries but also to the hairdresser, to church, on trips, campaign event. they were the ones she could get most comfortable in. this was a piece she wore for a 60 minutes interview. she fielded many questions. we know a lot of this because one of the things mrs. ford was very careful about was she cap what we call secretaries cards for each of these dresses. they would be no notations made on where she wore them, when she wore them, and you could see for many of them she wore them multiple times. the month this is in the handwriting of her secretary. some of them is in her handwriting. many of these extend into her post first lady time. she would wear these until the early 1980's. her love for design, her promotion of american fashion led to her receiving the prestigious parsons school of design award. this is the accolade she received for her promotion of american designers in fashion. betty ford, then betty bloomer, knew she wanted to do something with it. she was fascinated. she went to different camps. this was her trunk she would take to wisconsin, where she put on skits and plays, danced with friends, and that led to vermont, where she studied at the school of dance. these are some of her notecards where she kept notes, so each of these is dedicated to a different subject. you would find names of her teachers and the notes she took about the different things she was studying, much of it about choreography. some of them have dance figures she has drawn with diagrams that show how the stage is supposed to be organized. other material includes her record albums, and she collected music and collected popular tunes from the time, and these are some of the records he would find in her record album. i'm a big girl now. she shared her dorm room with a number of girls, so she had to leave notes. mrs. ford was an organized person. please put these back in the same folder. thank you. it is very important. this is her organizer. she carried this with her to vermont, off to new york, where she worked for the powers modeling agency, then back to grand rapids again, so in it you would find a host of things you would find in just about any organizer. names of different dance troops and telephone numbers, dance competition notes, and her class. there are brochures, dance costumes. a costume for one of the dance routines she wanted to put on. here are choreography notes she wanted to make for the dance routine. this talks about her love of dance and how deeply she was involved in her early years. vice president ford was sworn in as president of the united states. this was the dress mrs. ford was wearing during swearing-in. she was less than excited about becoming first lady. she resolved, if i'm going to have to do this, i'm going to have fun doing it. the fun started almost immediately. she had a state dinner, and it was something she had to prepare for. she hit the ground running. she had a number of opportunities because president ford's administration overlapped the bicentennial. some of the events were held during that year. this one is for the may 17, 1976 event, but there were a number of notable people who came to the white house, and among them this was a letter received from japan in appreciation for hosting him in 1975. the first time the emperor had ever left japan. here are some of the invitations and dinner invitations from the biggest event, and that is when we hosted queen elizabeth in july of 1976. this was a gift the queen of england presented to mrs. ford. it is a gilded soup terrine. on its face is a hand-painted image of the white house, and it was the official gift of great britain to the united states celebrating the 200th anniversary of the united states and she wrote a nice letter thanking them for their hospitality and for the friendship they extended to the queen and the people of england. in this letter, the queen writes, it was the greatest pleasure for us to be able to join in. we send good wishes to you and mrs. ford. your friend, elizabeth. >> born and raised in a small southern town, first lady roslyn carter also raised her family there and helped run the family business. >> not much has changed here except the president and mrs. carter grew up here. if we went back here, and put a dirt road, it would be very similar. the story begins here at this house. she lived here with her mom and dad, two brothers, and a sister. one of her favorite memories was when her dad would come home from work, go into the kitchen, and meet her mother, give her a big hug, swing her around. ..
modernizing conservatism. here is a brief look. >> in 2001, before september 11, one of the big issues that the new president faced was whether and how the federal government should fund embryonic stem cell research that involves the destruction of human embryos. to all of us, this means of the taking of a human life. whether it was moral to spend money on that public research. the president made a decision that said you could spend money on cells that already existed but not new ones, you would not be using federal dollars to encourage the further destruction of human embryos. he said these kinds of issues are going to stay with us, they are not going away and we need help in thinking about them. he called together the bioethics commission, a group of 18 scholars, almost all of them academics. they would come together several times a year and consider a bioethical question with how it -- public policy applications and provide advice to the administration and the country in the form of report. they were reports on cloning and stem cell research. on enhancement technologies, enhancing human abilities. they wrote reports on caring for the aged, dementia and other issues. the council did very important work. long run.rtant in the it's direct effect on public policy is hard to judge. the president called the council after he had made the stem cell decision, they did not shave that. -- shape that. their work was useful in a number of ways and certain junctures where those questions were central. there are more important influence is in the reports they did. levin, watch the entire interview tonight at 7:00 p.m. eastern on c-span. >> we are in the gallery of the light catcher building at the museum. alpine at vanishing ice, and polar landscapes and are. -- in art. the purpose is to highlight the rich cultural heritage of the planet's frozen frontiers, the alpine, arctic, and antarctica. this is a photograph of the sheet by ace german artist from 2008. it is exhibited side-by-side by -- fromograph easter greenland -- from east greenland in 2006. people understand the horns of -- people understand the importance of ice for the planet. many are unaware that there is a collective consciousness in western culture about the regions. it was important within the context of climate change to let people know that these regions are fundamental to our identity. >> more from the whatcom museum this weekend as c-span looks at the history and literary life of billing -- bellingham, washington. ♪ >> over the next two hours, the public and private lives of the first ladies of the 20th century. from season two of "first ladies, influence and image." conscientious about her family's well-being, first lady edith roosevelt bought a family refuge outside of washington called pine knot. >> she sought a place for rest and repairs for the president, close enough to d.c. to get out here as often as needed, but far enough away there was wilderness. she bought the cottage and 15 acres. her renovation she prescribed, $280, the deed is written in her name. the renovation she did include this porch, which she called her piazza, and specified that they be supported by the untrimmed cedar posts. these are the original, most of what you see is original. the color of the house now is the color that it was when the roosevelts were here. the interior is completely unfinished, they are bare, because it edith wanted them to be left that way. she wanted a total rustic feel, just as the porch, and natural in every sense. this room was originally divided into two, and edith opened it up into a lodge-like room. she wanted the family to be here together. they cooked their meals by the fireplace. generally t.r. would do the cooking and edith would boil the water for the tea and the children would get what was needed for getting the meals together. when edith saw the cottage for the first time, there were no fireplaces. the cottage was unfinished. these fireplaces were done to her specification. she designed these wonderful little stone ledges into the fireplace to provide functionality and interest. the stairs were originally in the center of the room. they kind of took up the whole thing. edith specified, she moved them to the side for two reasons. one is, she wanted the bottom floor to be an open room. the other is, she wanted to create a room upstairs. this is the tiny room that edith -- created for ethol. it had a door so that ethol could shut off her brothers from entering the room. his is where edith and t.r. slept. this was the master bedroom. you can see the light streaming through the boards, so it is no better appointed than any of the other rooms. this is the boys room. all four boys would have slept here when they were here. it also has a wonderful mantel, and even better is it has the stone supports that edith would have designed. this was a family place, unique for the roosevelts, because sagamore hill was a place where t.r. had people and a hub of activity. this was the one place where it was private family time. the roosevelts made it very clear they do not want anybody here besides family. >> sagamore hill was their primary residence. the first 5, 6 years they were married, they lived here. they lived here year-round. after the white house, they live d here year-round again, even though it was hard to heat in the winter. it was the center of their life. it was where their hearts were. edith ran the household, not only sagamore hill, but all of the places they lived. in albany and washington dc, she managed the family's accounts. she managed the family's investments. what we have here is an account book. this is an example of the annual accounts, from 1891, i think it is, and basically every family member is listed. then she kept track of the expenses she paid for each family member every month of the year. but it is also broken down into grocery bills, what she would buy from the butcher, what she might pay for a plumber to do repairs. she counted every penny and kept very good track of what the household was spending. sagamore hill was different than earlier presidential homes because it was never a commercial venture. they did not try to be self-sufficient. what edith wanted from sagamore hill was basically to offset the expense of living there. so they raised hay and alfalfa and rye, grains they could feed their horses and reduce the cost of having horses. they had a lovely garden that produced everything from corn to strawberries. they had an arbor with eight different kinds of grapes, strawberry and blueberry fields. the idea was to both feed the family and the staff that lived on site and also reduce the costs of maintaining a property like this. we are holding the book, the sagamore hill guest book. and people would come up to see t.r. and edith, they would sign their names just like they were visiting the white house. it is a casual list, not as formal as the white house, but usually there would have been politicians or government officials. even family signed the book. here in 1904, or anna roosevelt visited, and that is t.r.'s older sister, and douglas robinson, who was karen's husband. that is a family visit that day. there are signatures from them. so sometimes, i mean, i don't think these people signed their name. i think edith went back and made note of who was visiting, with a wonderful illustration done by one of the visitors, "showing hope at sunset" is what the illustration says. it was a wonderful way for the family to keep track of who went to see them. when their family and friends were here and what they were up to while they were visiting. edith roosevelt came to sagamore hill in 1887 as a young bride. she lived here until 1948, the end of her life. this was done in the 1920s. it is a charcoal sketch done at sagamore hill by john singer sargent, the famous american portrait painter. edith was obviously a widow in the 1920's. she traveled a great deal in that time, visiting foreign lands and her children, just a -- just basically seeing the world. she spent a lot of time away from sagamore hill. i think fulfilling her curiosity. she was always interested in the world. after looking at it in books for years, she got onto boats and planes and automobiles and went to see it. what we have here are two of the edith roosevelt's diplomatic passports. the first was issued in 1919. right after theodore roosevelt's death. her first trip noted in it is to france, where she traveled after two weeks after his death. she went to france to visit the grave of quentin roosevelt, who had been killed the previous july. she wanted to see his grave, dedicate a marker to him. this later passport is from the 1930's. it is wonderful because it has a lovely picture of the edith, but it also has stamps from her travels to europe, portugal, france, italy, and south america, el salvador, mexico, brazil. it shows some of the breadth of her interest in the world and the effort that she went to to get there. >> first lady helen taft's long-lasting influence is seen every spring and washington, d.c., because she was the driving force in acquiring 3000 cherry blossom trees from japan. >> when helen taft became first lady in 1909, she was addressing having cherry trees planted around tidal basin. the tidal basin was a mess. there was a speedway where people live race their carriages at 15 miles per hour. there was really nothing to draw people or make it a beautiful place for people to gather and enjoy nature. helen taft wanted to change that. so one of the first thing she did when she became first lady was to ask for trees to be planted. they were requested from nurseries in pennsylvania. but the japanese heard about her interest and they decided to give 2000 trees to the united states in her honor, from the city of tokyo to the city of washington, as a gift honoring the american support of japan war.e russo-japanese 2000 trees arrived in january of 1910. everyone was shocked. the trees that were sent were older and very tall and bug infested. it was decided they would have to be burned. president taft himself made the decision they would have to be burned. the japanese were very accommodating and understanding and decided to send 3000 trees , which arrived in 1912. it is those that we still have a few of around the tidal basin. this is the north section of the tidal basin, with a view of the washington monument, where many of the original trees have been planted. you can tell the older ones are wider and they have gnarly trunks, overarching branches, typical of the dominant type of cherry tree around the basin. this is where helen taft would have planted the first cherry blossom tree that came in the shipment in 1912. these cherry blossom trees would not be here if not for helen taft. will many people were enchanted all things -- with all things japanese, it was due to her the trees are here today. >> the smithsonian has very few pieces that belonged to helen taft. but the piece we do have is i think the most significant, actually one of the most significant pieces in the first lady's collection. we are going to open it up for you. helen taft was a woman of firsts. helen taft was a woman of combinations. this to me symbolizes all of that. this is helen taft's inaugural gown. she had the dress embroidered in the philippines to wear for the inaugural ball. the inauguration was very important to helen taft. she saw it as her husband coming into the white house and herself coming into the white house. it was a very ceremonious occasion for her. she marked this occasion, not only her entry into the white house but really then added it as a mark for first ladies of the united states when she became the first first lady to to theher inaugural gown smithsonian institution. she happened to be the first lady when the founders of the first ladies collection were putting the collection together. they met helen taft at a lunch commemorating dolly madison. they asked her if she would be interested in the exhibit they were putting together on first ladies. they were trying to acquire something from every first lady, every presidential administration. mrs. taft offered to lend and then donate her inaugural gown. she is really the founding patron in many ways of the first ladies collection and established the tradition first ladies would donate their inaugural down to the collection. every first lady after helen who had and inaugural gown has donated it to the smithsonian institution. >> she loves to travel. when howard taft got a chance to be chairman of the philippine commission, she jumped at the chance, encouraging him to take the job. they took the family into the philippines, where taft was later governor general of the philippines. she had a chance to travel the world. she also introduced her children to the travel. she learned different languages. banquets were a big thing. in fact, before she and the children, william howard taft cabled about some of the banquets, and mrs. taft like to have some of the banquets and incorporate the military people, the philippine people, and these are programs from those. the philippine people loved william howard taft and his family. they treated them just like equals. mrs. taft invited them to dinners, they attended a lot of the celebrations at the luneta, where she like to see the bands play. entertainment was a big part of the things she did over there while she was in the philippines. we are about to go into the collection storage area, where we keep some of our more valuable artifacts as well as things that are not on display. as we come in, we see this philippine chest. mrs. taft collected a lot of philippine items, chairs, furniture, and this is a storage chest they bought while they were over there. it was one of the items they picked up while they were there. what i have here are some photographs from some ladies in the philippines. they took some formal photographs here. and they wrote inscriptions, gave them to mrs. taft. "best wishes, december 22, 1903, manila, philippines." it goes to illustrate the admiration that the philippine people had for the taft family, especially mrs. taft as she worked to make them feel integrated in the greatest society, make them feel equal to the other people, inviting them to parties, putting on musicals, those types of things, helping with education. so they really love the tafts, and to this day we still get people coming from the philippines who have that connection with the taft family and the things they did while they were there. >> while they were courting, first lady ellen and president wilson wrote fervently to each other expressing their undying love. >> here on the shelves are the correspondence between woodrow and ellen, love letters, and it has to be the largest collection of love letters between any future president and future first lady. these letters were sealed in a trunk when the wilson's moved to prospect house and 1902, and the truck was not open until the 1960's. it is a time capsule shedding extraordinary light on the wilsons' life together. woodrow is living in baltimore, going to johns hopkins. he writes in january, 1894, "my own darling, when you come to my study and kiss me as i sit at my desk, it is as if this attachment seems a force of my mind. darling, i trust it is not wrong to worship you as i do. you are the presiding genius of both my mind and heart, and in that fact insists the happiness and the strength of your own woodrow." i think in this letter we see the extent to which woodrow wilson not only loved ellen, but acknowledged in this very clear way his intellectual debt to her. in how many cases can you say that, that the first lady and husband, that he is stepping forward and saying i acknowledge you are the source of so much of not only my happiness but intellectual development? you introduced me to literature, to wordsworth, to browning. they would sit together on the campus and they would read wordsworth together sitting on , the grass. he acknowledges this important role that ellen plays in his life. she writes back to him, "how can i thank you, dearest, for the sweet things that you say in this letter? how happy it makes me when you say such sweet things even when i think how unworthy i am of it all. i, too, trust it is not wrong to worship you as i do. it would be wrong to question it as it would be to breathe. both are inevitable fim to live at all. am, with every breath altogether your own, ellen." often she does not respond to him as exuberantly, because she is somewhat melancholy. this is really delightful. she was so devoted to him. she puts herself second to his needs again and again. throughout their life together. she is serving him, helping him. that was her conception of her role as woodrow wilson's wife. as she is dying in the white house, that tragic summer, august 1914, the world about to enter into a great international convulsion with world war i about to break out, she is dying in the white house and she grabbed the hand of dr. grayson and whispers to him, "doctor, if i go away, promise me you will take good care of my husband." this was the home of woodrow and ellen wilson from 1902 to 1910. he was president of princeton university. they lived here until he entered politics and became governor of new jersey in 1910. then ran for president and became president in 1912. let's take a look inside. it is in this reception hall that ellen wilson would have greeted many guests that came to prospect, including at the time of woodrow wilson's inaugural in 1902 as president of princeton, she greeted mark twain right here. sun -- the son of the slain abraham lincoln, jpmorgan, and also booker t. washington. all were entertained right here by ellen wilson. this is the reception room. here in princeton. this is the grand space where ellen would have entertained people who came to the home. it could've been anyone she was entertaining, everyone from visiting foreign ministers to very significant college presidents, all the way down a freshman. she entertained 300 freshmen in this room every fall. ellen wilson is the first 20th-century person to live here, and she strips away a lot of the victorian detail. she tries to make it modern, current. for example, she loved this marble mantel piece from 1850 that was here, but it had decorative roses. she did not like roses. she thought they were too victorian. so she had them chiseled away, keeping the mantle but chiseling off the roses. she also adds heavy detailing, the chair rail and the molding that came up the wall. all of these are original ellen wilson details that she personally supervised along with the architect. on the second floor of prospect, we are in the private family part of the house with the bedrooms all around. she would recognize these rooms. she would recognize the details. her bedroom around the corner has the original ivory door knob that she would have turned every day. it is these details that bring her very close to us. they make ellen wilson seem quite real and immediate. this is the porch of prospect house. it has been more than a 100 years since they lived here, but it is extraordinarily similar today to how it looked back then, the same beautiful view and lovely garden that ellen wilson designed and would certainly recognize if she came back. set --son family love to to sit out here and have tea. we have records of them having long conversations on this porch, debating everything from is kindergarten a good idea to should women be allowed to vote. they would often sit here in the heat of the summer underneath the veranda, the same wisteria vine growing across as was growing there in the wilsons' day. ellen wilson enjoyed the architecture of prospect tremendously, dating from 1850. it was lushly victorian. she simplified and tore out some of the victorian so the house -- the victorian details so the house could be more modern and classic. we are in prospect garden here in princeton, new jersey. this is a garden that ellen originally designed when she was the resident from 1902 to 1910. i think here we see the full expression of ellen's aesthetic vision. she is an oil painter, very competent. she knows a lot of the american impressionistic painters of the day. she loves to paint landscapes and as a corollary to that she lays out this beautiful garden at prospect house. she plans cedar trees, roses and all kinds of flowers. in fact, she loves this garden so much, she hates to leave it when the wilsons enter politics and leave princeton. when ellen wilson is in the white house, she brings the white house gardener back here to this garden at the prospect house and says to the white house gardener, let's re-create the rose section of this garden at the white house. because ellen wilson could look out of her bedroom window at prospect mansion, she could look down and see flowers all day. similarly, she wanted the president of the united states to be able to see roses when he looked out of his window at the white house. of course, this becomes the famous rose garden at the white house. ellen tragically does not live to see the rose garden completed. she is dying in the summer of 1914. she is wheeled out into the space outside of this, in her wheelchair, watching as the gardener works, but does not live to see the completion of the vision she had for roses blooming at the white house. that is a vision that really begins here at prospect garden in princeton. >> the daughter of a judge, first lady edith wilson grew up in a small rural town of whiteville virginia. >> this is the birthplace and childhood home of the edith wilson. today it looks very much like it did when they lived here from 1866 until 1899. originally, in the 1840s, this was two houses. they were joined together, which connected the upstairs home. the downstairs was used as retail space. the upstairs was the home of the bowlings. this is the original front door to the bowling home. this is where the bowling family would have entered. let me take you inside. this is the birth room of edith bolling wilson, the bedroom of her parents. she was the seventh of 11 children, born to the bollings. she was one of over 20 family members who lived upstairs in the home. two of the most interesting pieces we have are the bolling cradle, which belonged to the family. the cradle their children would have slept in. the other piece is a child's chair we know was actually here in the home. we can just imagine all of the bolling children sitting in the chair. the cover is original and we are so happy and has not been reupholstered over the years. this is the bedroom of grandmother bolling. we know that edith as a little girl slept in the room with her grandmother. her grandmother was invalid and had back problems. she was quite spoiled by her grandmother. she was her grandmother's favorite. but along with that came the responsibility of being her caregiver. this is the back sleeping porch. this is where edith would gather with her family, where they would enjoy evenings together. i think one of my favorite pictures is the picture of young edith at age 13. she is actually sitting on a stool in this corner. she has her books in her lap. we are very fortunate to have this picture of her. we see what she is dressed like, we see her books, we see how her hair is fixed. we see her in a place where she was very comfortable and spent a lot of time as a young girl. this is the library of her father, judge bolling. her parents sent her to washington, d.c., to keep her away from an older gentleman that was wishing to court her. they sent her to her sister in washington. there she met and married her first husband, norman, and it really changed her life. >> we have a letter in this box morgenthau who was , wanting to write a book about his experiences. so he is asking grayson if he can use certain information. he wants to use in the book the information you gave me about president wilson, and you're having come to the conclusion that he should resign and how he was influenced by mrs. wilson to give up this plan. so mrs. wilson was very concerned that her husband would not get better if he did not have something to engage his mind, that he would just deteriorate if he was forced out of the presidency. while president wilson was ill, it has been speculated among historians that mrs. wilson essentially became the president. we have one document here that sheds a little bit of light on that. it is a telegram from henry morgenthau, the ambassador to turkey, and he is writing to dr. cary grayson, asking if the president has any objections to a citizens meeting to protest against turks being left in control of constantinople. henry morgenthau has been asked to speak at this meeting and he is asking permission, he does not want to embarrass the president, he is asking for advice. at the bottom of the telegram is handwriting that is edith's handwriting. we are familiar enough with her handwriting to recognize it as such. at the bottom she writes, "thinks it well to postpone speaking on such subjects." what we don't know is, did edith take this telegram in two wilson ask his opinion, then write , that, or did she just come to that conclusion herself? the public was very interested and curious to know the condition of wilson's health. so there were rumors that were rampant in the papers, even congressmen did not know what was going on. they only knew what they read in the papers. after it was all over, cary grayson later wrote a summary of what happened from the time of the stroke into -- until wilson left the white house. on the last page, the decision was made to announce that wilson was suffering from nervous exhaustion. there were no other details given as to what was wrong with him. really, nobody knew the extent of his illness, that he really was not capable of doing anything. "i, dr. grayson, thought it was wise to issue general statements only. further, mrs. wilson, the president's wife, was opposed to any other course." she did not want it to be known that he was really suffering. again, she was protecting her husband. she wanted him to be able to fulfill his duties as president. she was worried about his legacy. she ultimately was concerned about his health, and she felt if he left the presidency, left the white house, he would just waste away and die. this is woodrow wilson's 1919 presidential limousine. loved writing in this car. she liked finer things. having been married to a jeweler and owned a jewelry store after her first husband passed away. i imagine she relished the luxury of being transported in a car such as this. edith was very independent. she was one of the first women in d.c. to have an electric car. she drove around town in it. to give you a better sense of her style and fashion i can take you upstairs and show you some clothing that belongs to her. edith wilson was a stylish lady. she was a lady of society and she dressed the part. one of my favorite pieces -- we have photographs of edith wearing this -- the fox still -- the fox stole. it was very fashionable in the early part of the 20th century. a lot of high-society women were -- were these. fur edith would have worn. to go to an evening event. another piece is this black evening dress. this is a perfect example of an evening dress that would have been complemented by one of the furs that she owned. two very special pieces we have are two gowns. these two are from the 1920's , 1930's. it would've been after wilson passed away. these are not of the wilson. -- of the wilson period, but they did belong to edith. they look rather shapeless hanging on a hanger, but the idea was that the shoulders would've hung and just draped and kind of clung to the body. from this, you can tell that edith was a large woman. broad shouldered, broad chested, rather buxom. fur,these clothing and the we can tell that edith was a member of high society, a woman of fashion. she was very comfortable wearing expensive fabrics, expensive clothes. she enjoyed going out on the arm of the the president wearing such gowns. >> first lady florence harding played a major role in it -- in her husband's campaign. she managed his contacts and help right public remarks. >> all of the action took place on this very porch here. would speeches, war and would stand- warren on the steps here. they would wave to the crowd who were parading down mount vernon avenue towards the house. this was a perfect backdrop for the campaign. not only did it show the human side of the hardings, the fact they did not live in a mansion, they lived in a very normal house like most of the folks coming to see him speak. they wanted to feature this town as well. warren himself often said that this campaign was taking main street to the white house. florence was very much a part of the message. she was a visible part of the campaign. she was always near him on the front porch when he was speaking. she gave interviews herself to magazines, especially women's magazines. she alternated between being the savvy politician to being the homebody, the wife, the caretaker of the candidate. she knew how politics works. she knew the different sides of her that would have to be portrayed as part of the campaign in order to make his campaign successful for him. she is not afraid to wade into a crowd. she is not hanging back. she is in the line, shaking hands alongside the president. going through hundreds if not thousands of people. standing there as long as it takes to shake hands and greet people. we see a florence harding who knows how her husband is going to get to the white house -- through the vote. it is very important politically, but she absolutely believes in the people of the united states. >> every detail is thought-out. you put a lot of energy and a lot of time into those little things that make your house different from your neighbors. this house is really florence's house. all the things in the house -- the stained-glass windows, glass by the front door, parquet floors, tile around the fireplace -- that is all florence. she is bringing her influence of what she has experienced in life into this marriage, into the house. this really is a very, very personal space for them. this key is a very special key. it is hinged, so it fits in your pocket. it folds up, and that is neat. mr. harding carried this key for almost 40 years. it was the key to his newspaper building, "the marion star." was the official owner of "the marion star," you cannot speak about it without bringing florence into the picture. she manage the books and headed the circulation department for 12 years. it was very much a joint enterprise between the two of them, certainly a sense of pride. it was something that was kind of their baby. i would like to take you into the press house, the museum on our site to other things connected to "the marion star. let me show you what is in here. mrs. harding kept the books that -- at the "star." this is an accounting book in her handwriting. she's keeping track of the money going in and out. warren worked the editorial side. she is running the business. she's keeping the books, running the circulation department, assembling newsboys and starts home delivery of the newspaper for the first time. so you don't have to come to the newspaper office to buy your newspaper. you can have it tossed on your front porch. also, in this case, we have the timecard stamp from "the marion star." we have a stamp as well. a picture of the building at that time. that does not stand any more. florence harding at a very -- a very businesslike mind. she's a little bit out of step with other women it in her time period because of that. her father was a businessman and taught her about giving -- keeping books and mortgages and other parts of the business world, things that most women would not have an interest in nor would have anyone taken time to teach them, as well. this sets her up nicely to help warren at the "marion star." he needs help keeping the place afloat. he finds it difficult to hound people to pay their bills. she does not. she does not shy away from that at all. that frees him up to do what he does best, which is the editorial product. the relationship with advertisers in town. all the things he does best. it is a win-win situation for really works and well for the two of them. >> after graduating from the university of vermont, future first lady grace coolidge work at a school for the deaf. it was the place where she met her husband. >> this is the school for the deaf were calvin and grace met for the first time. she was a teacher living in a dorm here. he was a tenant on a boarding house on the property. we are standing outside the building she lived in as a teacher. she lived up here in the second floor of this building. in the dormitory. we are standing in a courtyard area. there would have been a flower garden. roses that she would have tended to in her free time. where right beside us is calvin coolidge lived as a aarder while working as lawyer in northampton. his room was up there. he would've stood there watching grace in the flower garden. she caught a glimpse of him standing there watching her in his undershirt. he would watch her tended the rose garden. >> we are now in grace's bedroom. this window is where she would have looked out and seen calvin in the next building. she would have put a camera and this window to signify that the parlor room below them was able -- was available for them to meet up in. we are now in the parlor room of the dormitory that grace coolidge lived in. in this room is where calvin and grace, when they were courting, would meet up and be able to sit and talk and have some time together. despite him being in his 30's and her in her 20's, and they had to abide by the rules of the school and needed to meet somewhere where they could be chaperoned. they would sit and talk and get to know each other. >> plymouth notch is the birthplace and boyhood home of calvin coolidge. he was born in a little house attached to the back of the store that his father operated. when he was four, he moved across the road to the building we now know as the coolidge homestead. this was an old-fashioned town for many americans of the roaring 1920's. quite even back then. grace loved to will and would go down to the cemetery, especially after her son calvin junior died. to visit the gravesite there. she did a lot of knitting and other types of handwork was you -- while she was here. she just enjoyed the country air. she was a burlington girl, grew up in the biggest town in vermont. when she was growing up her house had electricity and plumbing. when she came here, this is very much a country home. no electricity or plumbing in the house where she stayed with her husband. this is the kitchen. this is where they would've had breakfast and lunch and some suppers, too, i'm sure. there is no real dining room in the house. it is very simple. a rural home. in here, there was one running faucet in the kitchen and i was -- that was the only plumbing in the entire house. this is quite a contrast to a grace had been experiencing not only as a child growing up in burlington, which was kind of sophisticated at the time, as well as in the white house years when she had all of the modern luxuries. this is a two-hole privy. it was the only sanitary facility in the house. coming here with calvin was a throwback to the previous century. this is not what she was used to. hearing all the reports about grace, she probably took this in good stride and regarded this as part of her experience with her husband. the furniture in here is the bedroom set that grace and calvin used when they were here at the coolidge homestead. here in plymouth notch, vermont. it is a simple set of furniture. it is very typical of furniture circa 1870's or so. it is country style. the rooms were small in this house and not the spacious rooms they were accustomed to at the white house, certainly. she was among the select group in the family sitting room that was witness to the swearing-in . this is the sitting room of the coolidge homestead. we now know this room was the oath of office room. this is where the family gathered were president coolidge was administered the oath of office. all the furnishings in here are original. the group gathered around the central table. the original lamp the pen that , was used to sign the documents, the bible that was here but not official use in the swearing because that was not required by vermont law. grace would have stood about where i am now and there is a famous painting by arthur keller of the homestead inaugural. it shows the group gathered around and she is right next to calvin's side. >> let's head into the vault where we keep specific things about the coolidge family. grace coolidge's earlier life for her marriage to calvin coolidge as well as documents about her relationship with her family, specifically her sons and grandchildren. grace is not only a loving wife, she was also a loving mother. we have some wonderful correspondence. in 1922 grace wrote to the head of an academy were both of her sons were. she writes, is there a way in which we can arrange for calvin junior to have a soft boiled egg for breakfast or a time without great inconvenience? he had had a minor surgery and grace was very worried about his health. the other low for -- the other letter we have is written by calvin junior. this is written in 1924. like many sons, he talked about his schooling, his close, , which needed up to date because he was growing out of them, and traveling back to d.c. to visit his mom and dad. with love, calvin. here is an interesting side note -- obviously, he forgot to put something in the letter. "send me some socks." it is sad because we see it at the last documented letter that we have before he suddenly passes away while in washington dc, less than a month later. shortly after his death, people wrote to the president and first lady in the white house sending their condolences. as was common at the time, grace and calvin a knowledge there -- acknowledged their sympathies by sending letters in reply thanking them for their condolences and sympathy. these letters were always bordered in black as a way of showing they were in morning. mourning. we have quite a few of those letters in our collection. grace and calvin had two sons. calvin junior was the younger. john coolidge did not die young and lived to an old age. we have a wonderful letter from john to his mother on her birthday. is a wonderful letter where it describes his love. "dearest mother, just to let you know i am thinking of you on your birthday and loving you as no boy has ever loved his mother." john and grace had a very close relationship. he never really said much about how the passing of his brother affected the family. he was very quiet on that. you can tell from the letters between john and grace until her passing -- there were letters many times a year and they were very, very close. whether that was increased by calvin junior's passing or not, there is no way of knowing although i would assume that is the case. >> i wish you both a very happy christmas and a bright and prosperous new year. >> it is a pleasure to greet you, mr. santa claus. and to help you open the sale of sears which begins on thanks giving day of this year. >> would you mind autographing some of the christmas seals as a special favor for santa claus? >> why, i should be delighted. it is one of the things that i do best. it is a good thing you have, santa claus. >> my father, santa claus, give it to me. >> oh! it has some of the dog's hair in it. >> brought up a tomboy, first lady lou hoover got her fondness for the outdoors from her father. >> her father wanted a boy, which is why we think the name lou -- it is not short for anything, it is actually lou -- as a result of that, he takes her out. she becomes a tomboy of the era. she was out learning how to fish, shoot, camping. they are up in the mountains a lot. she is learning about the outdoors and loving it. this is a 1914 .22 rifle owned by lou. what i love about this is that you have this photograph. it is an early photograph of her on top of this mule looking pretty rough and tough there with a bunch of provisions. then she has got this gun. very annie oakley to me. that type of independent girl. one of lou's most famous essays is "independent girl." written january 1 of 1890. the interesting thing is that she is talking about being someone independent and doing her own thing, but at the end, "sooner or later she will meet a spirit equally as independent as her own." then there is a clash of arms and mortal kombat -- moral combat or they will unite and take on the world." this is her diary from 1891-1892. she is talking about her life. one of the things she talks about a lot is her botany classes and going out hiking. she really likes to be in the outdoors. she refers here -- mrs. palmer and i were a good match for climbing. beat the others -- we others all to pieces. we found a lot of flowers. lizards and frogs. all these things that are just a lot of fun to be outside in the world. as part of that class, they are also drawing sketches of flowers. this is her sketchbook, there are flowers and butterflies. different kinds of things. they had the latin name with them as well. something she had learned from her class. lou does not write about herself, necessarily. she writes about the experiences of her life. she is a highly educated woman at this time period. her parents -- both her mom and dad created a loose, open edge -- open, here you go, if you would learn something we will encourage that and allow you to do that. she was able to do that and explore that as fully as she could. >> the first time mr. hoover came to rapid end camp, they came in on horseback on a horse trail and came up to the headwaters with at the river where there was 164 acres for two sandwiched between streams. in those days, it was five dollars an acre. for less than $1000 they purchased 164 beautiful acres here in the mountains. she was instrumental in the design of this camp. it very much shows her love of nature and her simplicity, we what she enjoyed about being outdoors. it is all wrapped up into buildings that were opposite of what they had in other aspects of their lives. they were trying to create a retreat where they could relax and get back to nature. lou wanted the house to be as much outside as possible. she had it designed where the windows would open, the panels would fold down, screens would let the air in. so that she could smell the outdoors smells coming through right into her room. she could be inside but at the same time have a feeling of being outside. the sun porch was her office and it is a beautiful room with windows surrounding it so the light can be natural all day long. in fact, there are not any light in there at all. no electric lights hanging from the ceiling. all-natural sunlight coming in. she had a desk and there were she would spend hours writing letters. much of we know about the camp comes from the letters she wrote there. had this fireplace built so they could enjoy campfires all day and all evening. many guests would sit out here. we have lots of pictures with the hoovers and guest sitting right here on this porch. mrs. hoover loved to smell the smoke of a campfire and she wanted to have that smell in camp all day long. mrs. hoover wanted her gardens to be different than what she had at the white house. she wanted them to be very informal. in fact, she is quoted as saying she wanted them to be a little bit wild-ish. she did not want formal beds. she wanted everything out there randomly. she wanted her paths to be lined with rock so you could find your way but nothing very outstanding. she wanted it to blend in. the rock structure behind me is lou's fountain. it is a rustic fountain made out of rocks from the local area. this was a rock garden. she referred to it as her rockery. she emphasized rocks because that was her love of geology. >> we are at the lou henry hoover house here on the campus of stanford university. it is significant because this is the primary residence of the hoovers. this was known as family headquarters and it is significant as it relates to lou hoover because she was the one who designed it. she worked with several architects to come up with the plans and they gave her advice. she was the driving force behind the design of the house. it was something that impressed the architects that helped her with the formal blueprints and plans. she had such a strong grasp of design and how she wanted the house to look even though she was not an architect. that was not her professional training. she was a geologist, but she had a very good sense of space and design, how she wanted the house to look. it was something that she instantly -- intimately involved in. we're lucky to have a lot of the original documents and correspondence relating to the design and construction of the house. back at the archives and the stanford archives. we are looking at the documentation related to the building and design of the lou henry hoover house. it is especially important because it shows how involved lou henry was in designing the house. here are some the earliest drawings we have from the design of the house. here we have some details about the cabinets they were going to be installing. a little footstool, here. some design details that were likely sketched by lou henry herself. a lot of lou henry's influence came from her travels in the southwest of the united states. pueblo architecture. also from her travels in north africa when she traveled with herbert hoover, so there is definitely an influence of native cultures, non-american cultures, but also native american cultures influencing the architecture of the house. you can see here that there was an initial design for arches above the doorway. that was changed. there are definitely a lot of arches in the house, as well. what we have here are some floor plans of the house. they show details of the rooms. the living room, there, the terrace. you can see the rooms are designed in a way where they easily exit out into the outside, the outdoors. it is a great legacy of lou and she designed the house, she inspired it with all aspects of her creation. >> [indiscernible] and who are going to continue helping as long as we are here. clicks encouraged by fdr, first lady eleanor roosevelt bought a residence to develop her own world job ideas. and later, it became her home after his death. >> let's go upstairs to where the bedrooms are located. we will climb a tricky staircase. this room is eleanor roosevelt master best -- master bedroom. room,s particular franklin roosevelt has the largest portrait in the room. the bed is somewhat interesting in its depiction. it shows how mrs. roosevelt preferred her laundry to be delivered by the household staff , folded and placed upon her bed. she would place it throughout the cottage. close examination of the laundry reveals that it is all monogrammed. some of the linens are jointly monogrammed with the initials emn, eleanor marion nancy. when i look around this room, it surprises me that a lady who was born into wealth, that married into wealth, and generated wealth in her lifetime would live in such a simple fashion. is surely not an elaborate bed. not for a lady who was five feet 11 inches tall. a simple lifestyle, and that stands out. this is eleanor roosevelt's sleeping porch. area herery important at the cottage. this is where mrs. roosevelt would come in the evening, approximately 11:00 after saying good night to her guests. it was private space for her. the little scottish terrier dog that is so famous within the roosevelt story would accompany mrs. roosevelt to this area and spend the night here with her. sit, dowhere she would some last-minute letter writing, maybe some last-minute reading, and then retire for the evening. area asrred to this ,eing like a tree house surrounded with glass, screened in areas. she could overlook her popper -- her property, her fall kill creek to my the fire pit where the picnics were held, the tennis and that in, the cutting garden, the stone cottage. which was so important in nearly years. this is her private space where she could get away from the activities of the kill college -- of the cottage for a while and be herself. when she fell in love with franklin roosevelt back in 1905 when they got married, they would move in with franklin's mother, sarah. she operated this estate since the year 1900, when sarah's elderly husband, mr. james roosevelt had passed away. because this was sarah's home, she made the decisions here. she also handled the finances of the family and was most definitely the matriarch of the family. this is where the family gathered for the daily mail, the activity of the room in porton -- are important because it reflects the interaction of the family. sara roosevelt sat at the head of the table, franklin roosevelt at the upper end, and eleanor roosevelt would find whichever seat was comfortable for her. she did not have an assigned a seat at this table. this is the bedroom that franklin and eleanor shared as adults. up until 1918, when infidelity was discovered within the marriage. from that point on, mrs. roosevelt insisted on not sharing the same bed with franklin roosevelt. at that time, mrs. roosevelt chose a bad room right next to this room, and it has a doorway coming right in. this was an area where she could eat by herself. it was -- this was an area where she could be by herself. it was a bit of a private space. the furniture in this room was used by mrs. roosevelt, one of the fear areas where she could -- one of the few areas where she could get privacy. when they were both here, it was given they would vote here in -- both sleep here in the big house. if for some reason franklin was not at hyde park, mrs. roosevelt here on her own was spent her time a couple short miles away from the site. in this direction we have the entrance to sara delano roosevelt's room, sandwiched between sarah and her husband franklin, the same as in their lifetime she was sandwiched between franklin and his mother, sarah. the involvement of mrs. roosevelt in the political career of franklin roosevelt is right from the beginning. but she becomes much more active in her role after 1921, when franklin roosevelt contracted polio. she would encourage franklin roosevelt to continue with his political ambitions and she would join forces with political strategist. a gentleman by the name of lewis howe. this was the room where their strategies were laid out. it was important because lewis howell and mrs. roosevelt did not have a real close relationship until the polio came into the story. lewis howell was with franklin roosevelt since 1910, when he started his political career. it would encourage franklin, it in a sense against the wishes of franklin's mother, sarah. sarah felt as franklin contracted polio, thinking of the resources of the family, that franklin could very easily live his life out here at springwood in the role of the gentleman estate keeper. mrs. roosevelt and howell would encourage just the opposite and motivate franklin. louis howe would be a big influence because he would tutor mrs. roosevelt and her public speaking and teach her how to put emphasis on certain words, how to control her very interesting voice that sometimes went high-pitched. soon, mrs. roosevelt would be comfortable with her public speaking and realize the power of that ability. some i think it was a self- serving of mrs. roosevelt, because when you think of the gentleman estate keeper, his wife would also be confined to the estate. by franklin roosevelt pursuing his political ambitions, mrs. roosevelt would enjoy a certain freedom. her tutoring relative to our public speaking was very important because very shy eleanor roosevelt was a little intimidated by public speaking. she was suddenly realize she had the ability to conquer that fear through the tutoring and she would realize the power of public speaking. and in this case, the power was it kept franklin roosevelt's image alive to the american public until he addresses the democratic convention in 1924. >> good evening, ladies and gentlemen. i'm speaking to you tonight at a very serious moment in our history. the cabinet is convening and the leaders of congress are meeting with the president. the state department and army and navy officials have been with the president all afternoon. the japanese ambassador was talking to the president at the very time that japan's airships were bombing our citizens in hawaii and the philippines, sinking one of our transports loaded with lumber on its way to why you. -- to hawaii. by tomorrow morning, the members of congress will have a full report and be ready for action. in the meantime, we the people are already prepared for action. for months now, the knowledge that something of this kind might happen has been hanging over our heads. yet it seemed impossible to believe, impossible to drop the everyday things, and not preparing to meet an enemy in a -- and feel that there was only one thing that was important, preparations to meet an enemy in a matter where he strikes. that is well over now. there is no more uncertainty. we know what we have to face and we know that we are ready to face it. >> as a young woman growing up in missouri, first lady bess truman would often be paid a visit by her neighbors relative, harry truman. >> when my grandfather visited independence, 26 miles from where he lived at the time in grandview in 1910, he often stayed across the street at the nolan house, which is where his aunt and two cousins lived. one afternoon he was over there with his cousins, with the family, and his aunt brought a cake plate. that my great-grandmother, madge wallace, had given her a cake. mrs. nolan had cleaned the cake plate and was asking if anybody would take it back over. and my grandfather moved with what my mother once described as approaching the speed of light and grabbed the cake plate and moved over here, rang the front -- and ran over here, and rain the front door in the hope, of course, that my grandmother would answer the door. and she did. and she invited him in, and that is the beginning of their formal courtship in 1910. they first met in sunday school, when my grandmother was five and my grandfather was six. they were baptists. my grandfather's family was baptists, but the first purpose carry in church -- but the first presbyterian church demonstrate -- down the street had a good sunday school, and that is what my great-grandmother was interested in, a good sunday school. so she took grandpa over there one day to talk to the reverend. as she was talking, sunday school was in session. as she was talking to the reverend, my grandfather noticed this little girl sitting in sunday school class with what he described beautiful blue eyes anlong golden curls. he sort of fell in love with her right then and there. as far as i know, as far as anybody knows, never look at another woman. we are on the back or choke my -- the back porch of my grandparents home in independence, missouri. as is the way that we came in. this is weighed the family came this is the way the family came in, through the kitchen door. came into the kitchen. the first place iowa's head it -- i always headed was back here to the pantry. and i don't see the 10, but tin. but there was always a tin in here on one of the shelves of nice round tin filled with brownies. i was made sure that was in here before i went anywhere else in the house. once i made sure the brownies were in the tin, the next stop had to be my grandfather's study. because whenever you came into the house, he did not meet us at the airport when he got older, but when she came into the house, you had to stop here and say hi to grandpa. this is where you found him most of the time as he was getting older and i was getting older. if i wanted to talk to grandpa, is where i looked because he was always reading. my grandmother and my mother sat in those chairs and often read in here with him. apparently my grandmother and mother always used to start fights where my grandfather would read down to the end of the page, mark is place with his finger, he and look up and tried to decide if the fight was escalating to the point where he had did get out of the room. if everything was ok, he would read down to the next page. sometimes he left, sometimes he stayed. this is the formal dining room. this is where we ate the evening meal every day. we had breakfast in the kitchen, a sandwich or something for lunch, but this is where we ate all formal dinner meals. my grandmother sat at that end of the table is where she sat. closest to the kitchen, i think. so if we go through here, in the center of the house, in the foyer, you'll notice that the biggest portrait in the house is that of my late mother, margaret truman daniel. she was their only child, only conceived after my grandmother suffered two miscarriages. my grandmother was 39 when she was born, so she was very precious to my grandparents and they were very close as a family unit. my grandfather kind of spoiled her. my grandmother was more of the disciplinarian. the three of them were very, very tight as a family. because she was their only child. and if we go through this way, we are in the living room. this chair is where my grandmother later in her life, this is where she did her reading. after my grandfather passed away, this is often where my grandmother sat. she read a murder mysteries. she loved murder mysteries. she had stacks of them on either side of the chair. she would have a stack on the side, that she had not read yet, and she had an outstanding. -- and then out-stack. it would be donated or put on the shelf after she read them, but this is where she spent a lot of her time. she gave a lot of those cast-off murder mysteries to my mother, who do the same thing, reading with stacks on either side of the chair, and mom, of course, eventually became a mystery writer. this painting was originally painted as my grandmother's official white house portrait. in the 1960s, lady bird johnson went looking for portraits of first ladies to hang, re-hang in the white house. she thought that was important. she looked high and low and cannot find my grandmother's official portrait. so she called my grandmother and said, mrs. truman, do you know where the painting is, what can i find it. -- we cannot find it. the grandmother said, yeah, it's on my wall. mrs. johnson said, you really should not have that, it belongs in the white house. my grandmother said, no, that is my painting, it is on my wall, and that is where it is going to stay. i think mrs. johnson tried a couple of more times but eventually gave up. there were two copies made by the artists. one of them hangs in the truman library down the road, the other is in the white house, but those are the copies. as is the original portrait. -- this is the original portrait. >> first lady mamie eisenhower's sense of style got her noticed by the fashion world. >> she often worked with one of her favorite designers for her suits and they wear outfits. -- day-wear outfits. this is the outfit that she wore to the formal opening of the saint lawrence seaway, where she and ike met prince elizabeth -- princess elizabeth and prince philip. this is a printed cotton fabric with many of the houses the eisenhowers lived in during their marriage. it also includes the five-star symbol. for the five-star general eisenhower. these are a few examples of mamie's day dresses. she was very fond of the color pink. many of the dresses are sleeveless. she always said that her arms were ike's favorite feature, so she chose to show them off. his is a handmade rest that shows her attention to budget. this has an exceptionally long ham that she would raise and lower. jackie kennedy is well known for the little like dress. -- the little black dress. here are two examples of mamie's little black dress. mamie always said that she would never dress like a little old lady. these gowns show her love of bright colors and wild fabrics. like any high-fashion lady of the day, she loved hats. this is a small sampling of some in the collection. one of her favorite is honors -- designers is sally victor. no one outfit is complete without a fabulous pair of shoes. nobody knew that better than mamie. her love of fashion to not begin -- did not begin in the white house. this dress and undergarment from the mid-1920s shows her love of fashion. she was about 30 years old, too old to be considered a flapper, but still stylish for the day. let's look at some of the exhibits that focus on her style. mamie is well-known for her trademark hairstyle. you could even purchase fake bangs to put into your hair at all of the drugstores in the 1950s. she would regularly go to the elizabeth arden salons. elizabeth arden had one of her hair stylist create the drawing so that she could take them with her so she had to go to another stylist, her hair would always be perfect. unlike ike who grew up in a poor family of all sons, she was from a well-to-do family of all daughters. she attended a finishing school and we have her report card from the school in denver, colorado. woolcott-- from this school in denver, colorado. while she got a b in english, she actually got a c-minus in european history and a c in french. who knew that in later years as a military wife and future first lady that she would be so well traveled and have so much to do with european history? we actually have a special passport issued to mamie. in 1945. this is when she could go join her husband ike when he was the first military commander of the u.s. occupied germany at the end of world war ii. while in germany, she actually purchased this sterling silver pin. mamie renewed her passport one more time a few years later to travel with ike. we have her inoculation card. this is from 1951, when he was commander of the naval forces, -- of nato forces stationed in , france. mamie loved charms. early on, ike bought her this west point football charm showing the army and navy game scores in 1913 and 1914 when ike was coach of the army football team. this calvary-themed sterling silver pendant was purchased by ike for mamie when he was stationed in the philippines working for general macarthur. mamie could not always travel with ike, but she was often on his mind. these bangles were purchased in north africa in 1943 during operation torch in the invasion of north africa during world war ii. as first lady, her military connections continued. as she christened the uss nautilus in 1954, the nautilus was the first nuclear-powered naval vessel and the silver sleeve of the champagne bottle that she smashed against the hull. as a military wife, she took great pride in creating a home in each of the 36 places they lived during their marriage. as a young girl, mamie was diagnosed with a heart conditions. in later years, she was ordered to stay in bed three days a week. that was a little much for her, so she compromised and stayed in bed every day until noon. she was a busy lady. she would get up in the morning, do her hair, put on her makeup, ben wear a lovely bed jacket and -- and then where these lovely bed jackets and lay back in bed. while wearing the bed jackets, she would often meet with her secretary to plan the day. as first lady, she ran the white house with military precision. her schedules were often blocked out in five minute permits per -- increments for a day. we have schedules from every year that mamie was first lady. on the schedule, we see not only did she have a diplomatic dinner, but the next morning she was cutting the ribbon at the national presbyterian church czar. - -- church bazaar. some of the things that she would discuss with her social secretary were of a personal nature. here she is shopping for christmas gifts for their grandchildren and notes to buy this doll for her granddaughter, susan. she was always good with figures and would keep notes say she would not go over budget. >> having a keen sense of fashion, jacqueline kennedy was admired for her clothing ensembles. >> mrs. kennedy is known as a style icon. the first ensemble that she wore as first lady, of course, was on inauguration day. this grayish color dress and coat designed by oleg cassini. i think it is a wonderful example of her simple elegance. the only thing that she wore to adorn the ensemble was a beautiful ruby brooch by tiffany that jfk gave her to celebrate the birth of john junior, right after the swearing in. and of course most famously finishing the ensemble was the hill-box hat. she wore that on the back of her head so her face could be seen. that actually set a fashion trend. whereas the hat would normally be worn on the top of the head, she had a pushed back to sort of free her face. -- frame her face. displayed here at its storage boxes perhaps one of mrs. kennedy's best-known dresses, the breast that she wore during -- the dress that she wore during her televised tour of the white house in february 1962. visitors to arm easy them when we have this dress on exhibit -- to the museum when we have this dress on exhibit are quite surprised to realize it is red, because of course the program was filmed in black-and-white and broadcast in black and white. but i like to surmise that she chose red for that program, knowing it would be televised on valentine's day 1962. let's go into the museum and look at other examples of jacqueline kennedy's clothing we have on display. mrs. kennedy put an awful lot of thought into her wardrobe when she was representing the country, both at the white house and while traveling abroad. she would think about what colors would mean something to the country i'm about to visit. so for her visit to canada in 1961, actually the first state visit the kennedys made as president and first lady lady, she chose this red suit ip or cardin -- by pierre cardin, also knowing that she would be greeted by the canadian royal mounted police. it was a gesture of respect to the canadian maple leaf as well. here we have a green coat and hat worn by the first lady lady for her arrival in bogotá colombia in december 1961. the president and first lady traveled through south america on that visit, greeted by hundreds of thousands of people, overwhelming response. particularly when mrs. kennedy would address the crowds in spanish. i really admire the thought that mrs. kennedy put into her wardrobe. she would think about the event she was attending or the country she was visiting. was there a style or particular color that she could wear that would mean something to her hosts, and she also knew the advantage of choosing a color or style that would make her stand out in a crowd. in her oral history, mrs. kennedy speaks at greatly about president kennedy's love of reading, love of history, his belief in the power of words. and that is something, that is a believe they both shared. what i like about this story here is it shows -- it is an example of that believe in the power of words. it's a great example of the collaboration between husband and wife. this is very early in his presidential campaign, late 1959. in those early days, mrs. kennedy traveled with him on the campaign trail as much as possible. this is a reading copy of a speech he presented in washington state in june of 1959. mrs. kennedy was with him at that dinner. president kennedy obviously had a speech writer, but he would often rewrite and edit his speeches up until the moment he was about to deliver it. at this particular dinner, as he was waiting to speak, he wanted to close his speech with some verses from "ulysses." so we actually asked mrs. kennedy, give me the last lines from "ulysses." and the following in her hand is the rest of the poll him which poem which she knew from memory -- is the rest of the poll em which she knew from memory, giving him the words. from a young age, jacquelyn love to write. she would often create poems as gifts to her parents. on christmas and birth a's come she would write a poll him and illustrated. we have some early examples when she was about 10 years old. while at school in connecticut where she went to high school, she wrote a really wonderful essay called "be kind and do your share." " be kind and do your share, that is all there is to it." and she goes on about helping others in life is so important and how it is easy to just say a kind word to somebody, all the difference it can make to that person. this scrapbook is called "one special summer." after graduating from school, jackie's parents, her mother and stepfather, sent jackie and her sister on summer through europe. as a token of appreciation for that gift, they collaborated together on this scrap oak to -- scrapbook to give to their to let them know about their inventors. it is a combination of snapshots they took, and written descriptions of the different places they visited, the people they met. these really wonderful, whimsical sketches done by jackie. in the fall of 1950, jacqueline entered "vogue" writing contest. here we have her hand written application as a student from george washington university. she won the contest. her winning essays, one was a self-portrait where i think she wonderfully describes herself as tall, 5'7", with brown hair, square face and eyes so unfortunately far apart that it takes three weeks to have a pair of glasses made with a bridge wide enough to fit over my nose. as an example, i think of her love of writing, the power of words, she is asked in question three of the essay, who are three people in history that you wish you would have known? the first two that she mentions are charles baudelaire, the french poet, and oscar wilde, the author, in edition to a russian ballet impresario. in the early 1950s, jacqueline bouvier was hired as the camera girl for "the camera girl for "washington times" harold. on display at the camera that she used as she went through the streets of washington, interviewing people, asking questions, creating columns. one column we have on display is prophetic because she is interviewing vice president nixon and senator john f. kennedy, who of course would be adversaries in the 1960 presidential campaign. i think all of these examples of her early writings -- and she did right through her life -- did write throughout her life, but a think if her life had been may be somewhat different, she would have been a writer of some kind may be professionally. as we know when her later life, the last part of her life she was a very prolific editor of books in new york city on books of several different topics. >> first lady lady bird johnson enjoyed the time she and the president could spend at their ranch resting and relaxing. >> the living room is the oldest room in the house, dating back to the 1890s. she would refer to this as our heart home. have a few things that speak to her connection to the room. one of the things that she wanted to highlight was the native american heritage in the hill country. have a small collection of arrowheads. mrs. johnson actually had her daughters, linda and lucy, look for arrowheads, and mrs. johnson would pay them one dollar each for each arrowhead. linda was doing quite a bit better collecting them, and it turns out she was paying her schoolmates $.50 per arrowhead, then collecting a dollar from her mother. she had a knife or copper and -- she had an eye for copper and collected various items. one of the things that draws attention, three television sets. at that time, the three major networks would all show the news at the same time. the president would turn down the volume on the television set he did not want to watch. mrs. johnson's favorite program was "gunsmoke" and she routinely altered their schedule so she could catch an episode of her favorite western. shortly after lyndon johnson became president, the ranch was called the texas white house and life at the ranch revolved around the home. the johnson's return home 74 times during his five years as president. mrs. johnson as first lady love to show off the texas hill country and her home. guests would often informally gather in the den and various heads of state came to visit. the president of mexico, the west german chancellor and the israeli chancellor to name a few. they would visit with the johnsons right here in the den. the dining room was a special place for lady bird johnson, where she entertained, she picked out the wallpaper depicting a country seen very similar to the hill country. very similar to what she would have seen out of her picture window that she had installed at her request. this is johnson gave a tour of -- mrs. johnson gave a tour of the house in 1968 that was filmed, where she featured the china uc purchased here in mexico. -- the china that you can see, purchased in mexico. the president would sit down at this end of the table, where we have the cowhide chair. typical mrs. johnson at the other end of the table. one feature that you will notice next to the president, a telephone. president johnson loved working the telephones, and in the middle of a meal could take a call or answer a call. mrs. johnson was not necessarily happy with that but she got used to it because lyndon johnson was such a workaholic. as first lady she spent a lot of time at the ranch. it is very important because it was a respite from all of the turmoil of washington, particularly later in the presidency where they could recharge and make the connection back with the land and this place they valued so much. this is mrs. johnson's private bedroom. it was part of the 1960 seven -- 1967 remodeling. she specified to the designers she wanted this to be her forever room. she specified certain elements that she wanted, a fireplace, east facing windows, and a large bookcase to display so many mementos and keepsake she gathered through the years, the birds, the china, and also cameras. lyndon johnson gave mrs. johnson a camera for her wedding gift. she became quite the furtive -- photo journalist. she had an eight millimeter camera to capture home movies. we have hours and hours, as well as the recorder where mrs. johnson every night at the white house would record her daily observations. this became the basis for the book "the white house diary" a very insightful commentary of -- chronicling of the tumultuous years of the 1960s. in her later years, she kept up with her correspondence here at this desk. have mrs. johnson's closet with all of her clothing. with the ranch, clothing -- the ranch clothing, boots, hats, her colorful outfits. one of my favorites, her straw hat with the bluebonnets painted on top. all of the photographs and those who mattered so much to her. to hurt grandchildren and great- grandchildren, she was known as mimi, a special person in their lives. lady bird johnson had a great sense of history. and during her years in washington, she would often be a tour guide. i had a chance to meet her while working at the harry s truman worksite and i was very impressed knowing that one day, her story would be told here at the lbj ranch. office ofin a private mrs. lyndon johnson at the lbj library. i worked as her social secretary from 1976 to 1990. a typical day would be her coming in in the morning probably around 9:00. each hand filled with some of these things on her desk. some of these things on speechwriting, event planning, whatever she was working on. she said she felt like a little borough. and she would come in and get to work and her desk was always very orderly. kept files on her desk, file suit was working on. .rips she was taking she would keep it -- a large envelope with the dates on them so she could pick them back up and put every thing back in them. and she worked on her desk with letters that she was processing. when she completed things, she would put them on the floor. she stayed at the office most of the day. and working calls on projects that she loved so much. she loved this office again she could look out on her alma mater. and then through to the capital in this city that she loved so much. she would stay here all day, and that was pretty much monday through friday. when we were having guests at the ranch, she would sometimes go out a few days early and stay to check on the water and the lights and electricity to make sure everything would turn on in the different rooms. and we would make a stop out to the ranch to pick up magazines that were guest specific, for whoever was coming for the weekend. very thoughtful, meticulous, and gracious. we had three office staff at the time. we had a person who handled her calendar. we had a person who came from the white house as her press secretary, who were out -- who helped her work on speeches. and then i was in the office. that chair was usually occupied by one of us a good part of the day. as we rotated in projects she was working on. by friday afternoon, she was ready to leave and go to the ranch, which she really called home. about 3:30 p.m. in the afternoon, she would say, do i have anything else to do? us when shed tell was ready to go. she would pack those saddlebags up and take off and head off to the ranch for the weekend am a to be back here on monday morning. i was so fortunate to be here, and i learned so much from her in the way that she did things, in a way that she entertained. and i liked the way she entertained. i think that is one reason we did so well together. i really loved her sense of making people feel at home. she was so, so good at it. up on a small farm in southern california, first lady pat nixon learned the value of a strong work ethic at an early age. >> mrs. nixon had very humble beginnings. she spent a lot of time working at the farm. she has an account from 1941, she kept the books. she was 19 years old when this was happening. totallks about how , none made just a year ago, january. it shows you how difficult it is to make ends meet. as a teenager in the depression, mrs. nixon took on a lot of jobs, from becoming a pharmacist and x-ray technician, to a personal shopper. she became a model. did call casting. she actually got on the list from paramount pictures to be an extra in films. wholeso as part of this -- jumping from job to job -- she also had a speaking role in fromm called "vicki sharp" 1955. you can see her dancing in the film, but her speaking role was cut out. past shows her name and the restrictions one had to go through. she had enough money to change her degree and she became a teacher. of the nixon was one most widely traveled first ladies in our countries history. this is her diplomatic passport that was used during her time at second lady. here, the photos. in totalort has 53 from 1953 to 1961. to goixon really wanted out into the field and see the people. she wanted to work with them, see what she could do to help. she wanted to go to hospitals and orphanages. these tags were used by mrs. nixon on her second to last trip as first lady. she visited australia egypt, saudi arabia, israel, and jordan. it was the first time a first lady had ever been to israel. you can see some of the items on display related to her travels as first lady in the museum. >> here in the museum, we have examples of gifts given to mrs. nixon during her foreign travels. to mixes nixon from golda maier in 1965. it is 12th or 11th century bc. and here we have an example of a belgian lace tablecloth given to her in 1969 by his excellency of the belgian kingdom. and a beautiful watch made out of gold. it is made out of rubies and diamonds. this was given to her by the prime minister of columbia in 1979. during her historic trip to her extensive travels took her to the beijing zoo. then known as the taking zoo. ng zoo. she learned about the pandas on display. the president and mrs. nixon were meeting with their hosts. notice how this is nixon was looking at the package of sisters. -- of citrus.s they had pandas on them. and they noticed this and noticed she was also admiring the pandas at the zoo. and she said, yes. had some sure she going home. the president and mrs. nixon were interesting going on a foreign trip. it was important for her to uphold and support her husband. just her being here -- being there was so much goodwill. and it was always at the end of would talkat they about the president, but always say what a wonderful job pat nixon did. >> this is a very special place, because it was here, june 20 6, 1993, that mrs. nixon's beautiful was held. the casket was here underneath a lovely tent with flowers. a nixon family sat right over here. and on the other side, the presidents reagan and ford, and their first ladies. this is the pat nixon rose garden at the nixon library. it was a very special place for the nixon, in particular he does mrs. nixon was instrument till in designing it for the grand opening of the library in 1990. she loved gardening and had a special affinity for roses. instrumental in opening up the white house for garden tours in the spring, which is a tradition that has continued to this day. this was a rose that was developed in 1972 by a french designer when mrs. nixon was first lady, the pat nixon rose. it is the only rows that will continually grow at the white house. this is the final resting place of both president and mrs. nixon and only steps away from the present humble 1910 farmhouse. there is a great story behind the epitaph on mrs. nixon's memorial site, which she chose herself. it dates back to the trip to peru that she took in 1970 as the ambassador of goodwill. she wanted to meet the people that were affected by this devastating earthquake that had rocked peru. she wanted to see the devastation. she wanted to find out what she could do to help. reporters said to her, mrs. nixon, what good will any of this do it the people you are speaking to cannot understand what you are saying? and she replied, even when people cannot speak during -- your language, they can tell if you have love in your heart. >> first lady betty ford also wanted to elevate fashion designs made in america. >> hand-in-hand with mrs. ford's love for dance was her love for design, for fashion. and particularly, she wanted to promote american fashion. these are some of her dresses and gowns from her first lady timeframe. this is a down -- a gown that she wore to a first heads of state event. named designed by a lady becky welch who had a boutique in alexandria, virginia. this next one is also a frankie welch dress. mrs. ford wore this for her official portrait as forced -- first lady. that some people might recognize. she wore this gown for a portrait that was taken of the family, and featured on the cover of "time" magazine. also liked fretful design as well. a fellow from new york designed a number of dresses and gowns for her. very practical, very inexpensive, but for her very functional. she would wear these outfits, both ro -- both of which are the , to arrivalr ceremonies, dignitaries, and also to church, on trips, campaign events. they were those that she could get most comfortable in. this is a piece that she wore for the "60 minutes" interview. we know a lot of this because one of the things mrs. ford was very careful about, as organized as she was, was that she kept what we called secretaries cards for each of these dresses. there would be notations made on where she wore them, when she wore them. and you can see that for many of them, she wore them multiple times. some of this is in the handwriting of her secretary. some of this is in hearst -- her handwriting. many of these extend beyond the first lady timeframe into the post first ladyship timeframe. she would wear these into the early 1980s. and her love for design, her promotion of american fashion herto -- in 1976 -- receiving the prestigious parsons school of design award. accolade she received for her promotion of american designers. from age eight, betty ford, then betty bloomer, knew what -- knew she wanted to do something with dance. she was fascinated by dance and so much of her early life was organized around that. she went to different camps. this was her traveling trunk that she would take in wisconsin, where she would put on skits and plays, dance with .er friends and that led to bennington, vermont, where she studied at the school of dance. ,hese are some of her note card spiral notebooks where she kept notes. each of these is dedicated to a different subject. this is dance technique. inside here you would find names of her teachers and the notes she took about the different things she was studying. much of it about choreography. some of them had dance figures that she has drawn with little stick figures or diagrams that showed how the stage is supposed to be organized. other material we have of hers includes record albums. she, like teenagers even today, collected music. and she collected the popular tunes of the time. these are some of the records you would find. "i'm a big girl" by gertrude neeson. " by't we talk it over carmen cavallaro. mrs. ford was a very organized person. this demonstrates that. please, when using these records, put these back in the same folder. thank you, as it is very important, that he bloomer. betty bloomer. this is her organize her that she carried with her to vermont, back to grand rapids, off to new york where she studied with for theraham and work powers modeling agency. and then back to grand rapids again. in a you will find a whole host of things that you would find in just about any organized there. names of different people with different dance troops, and their telephone numbers, dance composition notes with ms. martha hill and her class that was from 9:00 to 10:20 a.m. one of her sketches of a costume for one of the dance for teens that she wanted to put on. again, choreography notes that she made four different dance for teens. a whole wealth of material in how -- heralks about love for dance and how deeply she was involved in it, especially in her new early years. in 1974, vice president ford was sworn in as president of the united states. this is the dress that mrs. ford was wearing at the swearing-in ceremony in the east room of the white house. she was less than excited about becoming first lady. president ford encouraged her, saying we can do this. she resolved, if i'm going to have to do this, i'm going to have fun doing it. and the fun for her started almost immediately. within 10 days, she had a state dinner to entertain king hussein of jordan. it was something that she had to prepare for in her role as first lady, and she hit the ground running. while she was first lady, she had a number of opportunities to entertain, because president ford administration over the bicentennial, some of the most coveted events at the white house, were held during that year. people wanted these invitations. this is for the may 17, 1976 event when they entertained the then president of france. peopleere a number of who came to the white house. and among them, the emperor of japan. received fromer him in appreciation for hosting him in 1975. the first time and emperor had .ver left japan here are some of the imitations, dinner menus of probably the biggest event, and that is when we hosted queen elizabeth in july of 1976. this is the gift that the queen of england presented to president and mrs. ford, and to the people of the united states. it is a gilded and enameled soup terrine. imagehand-painted with an of the white house. it was the official gift of great britain to the united the 200thebrating anniversary of the united states. and she wrote a nice letter back to the fords, thanking them for their hospitality, and for their friendship that they extended to the queen and to the people of england. and in this letter, the queen rights to the president and mrs. ford, "it was the greatest pleasure for us to visit the united states and to be able to join in the bicentennial celebrations." send ourigned it "we warm good wishes to you and mrs. ford. your sincere friend, elizabeth." born and raised in a small southern town, first lady rosalyn carter also helped run the far out -- the family business. how much hasn't changed since the president and mrs. carter grew up here in the 20s and 30s. away theseto take stores and have a dirt road right in front of them, it would be very similar to the photographed circa 1925. the story begins here in this house. she lived here with her mom, dad, two brothers, and a sister. one of her favorite memories of this house is when her dad would come home from work, go into the kitchen, and meet her mother, give her a big hug, swing her around and give her a kiss. at a veryt her father young age. jimmy carter's mother, ms. ,leming in, -- ms. lillian helped take care of mr. edgar throughout his illness. she was a trained nurse and on the night of his passing, she actually took young roselyn smith out to the jimmy carter farm to be with jimmy carter's sister, ruth. this is the farm. it is important to ms. roselyn's story because she would spend a lot of time out here with jimmy carter's sister, ruth. of jimmyhe room carter's. when roselyn came out to see her friend, ruth, she would -- this is where they would hang out together, play games, do homework, and just enjoy each other. outly when mrs. roslyn was visiting jimmy carter sister, she would see jimmy carter and have many interactions with them. >> this is where roslyn smith carter and jimmy carter would attend first through 11th grade. of going tomory school here is, she made straight a's the first quarter. she went home and showed her dad, edgar smith, and her mom, ms. sally -- ms. ally, her straight a's and they were so proud of her that her dad gave her a dollar for her, was meant. later on in seventh grade, a local businessman had a contest for the student that had the best grade point average throughout the year. whoever had the rate point fivege, he would give them dollars. in the 1920s and 1930s, that was quite a bit of money. after that seventh grade year, ms. roselyn had won the five dollars from that local businessman. a lot of the activity that roslyn carter was engaged in was basketball. she was so excited when she made the varsity basketball team year. we have a picture here in her uniform in her plain haskell letter jacket. was a very good accomplishment for ms. roselyn at the time. this is the plains united methodist church. whereonly steps to president carter asked ms. roselyn out on a date for the first time. it is also where they got married. it is a very special place for president and mrs. carter. this is the train depot in plains, georgia. it is the oldest building here in plains. in 1976, this is the logical jewel -- logical choice for headquarters. in. carter was a key figure his campaign. and as you can imagine in 1976, the hustle and bustle of all of the activity in the campaign with tables and desk and phone going off and letters coming in and out. here helping run the campaign. and the whole family had a part to play in the campaign. sons and his daughter had a role in the campaign. and of course, his mother, ms. lillian, and ms. roselyn's mother, ms. ally. they would have sat out here on the platform, greeting visitors. this is where roselyn carter helped organize the peanut brigade. technique used during his run for governor. it was basically a way to get the word out about jimmy carter using volunteers, going door-to- door, shaking hands, giving out literature, and spreading the word. it was so effective that it helps him get elected to the presidency. >> i got upset with the president because they covered my mental health for the first few meetings i had. up then they never showed anymore. in one of the things i wanted to do was bring attention to the issue of how terrible it was and what few services there were. just getting it out in public, that is what i did in georgia. i developed a good program in georgia, by the way. but they just didn't come. i met this woman who was one of i said no one ever goes to my meetings. she said mrs. carter, mental health is just not a sexy issue. i never did get very much coverage for it. what wasund out needed, developed legislation and pass the mental health law of 1980. passed one month before he -- an voluntary removed from the white house. one of the greatest disciplines of my life. >> more from our first ladies series tonight. the first series on betty ford. tomorrow
welcome to c-span's "first ladies, influence and image." tonight we tell you the story of jacqueline kennedy. we have two guests at the next table -- at the table to tell you more. a presidential historian and author of many books on the presidency, with a special focus on the cold war era and kennedy administration. is a uva political scientist and as part of the modern first ladies serious she has written a jacqueline kennedy biography. i want to start, before we get into details on the white house years, with the assassination and the imagery of the assassination. anyone who was alive at that time has those images in their mind. subsequently, because of the power of the internet, we were talking before about the collective consciousness. people have experienced this since it happened. she was just 34 years old. >> just 34 years old. from the moment at dallas, we know so much about the story. you forget he was shot into her arms. for five minutes they were there and she felt that they left the hospital to go back to washington, but they had to do something to make sure that he had the historical reputation. that he deserved but would not be there to fight for. >> what sense would a 34-year- old woman half of that experience? what did she draw from? this funeral with so many iconic images together in such a short time. >> she said when she was young woman, my ambition in life is to be the art director of the 20th century. oddly enough, she almost turned out to be that, at least for the kennedy administration. and she felt one thing that would be important for his legacy, as horrible as dallas was, to wipe out the view of that and restore the american people's dignity by having three or four days of ceremony she helped they would render rather than the tawdryness of what happened. >> this is not the first presidential assassination and presidential widow. but it is the first one in the television age. as a political scientist you talk about the power of television, how did this work in this case? >> for the funeral, she know she wanted to go back to the rites for abraham lincoln, our first assassinated president. she asked her brother-in-law and the president's various friends and aides to find books on the link funeral, and they did. all of this played out on television. i would like to point out that when eisenhower was elected in 19 -- 1952, 20% of american households had television sets. i 196390% to 95% had televisions. sitting in our family living room on that night of november 22, 1963 and saying mrs. kennedy walk out of air force one, behind her husband's casket. i remember my parents and older brother gasping at seeing her. >> we now know that what she was saying to people, lady bird johnson says, let me get someone to help you change your clothes. people tono, i want see what they have done to john. >> understanding the power of the imagery. we have two hours for your questions and comments and video clips and audio clips. the story of jacqueline kennedy. what has made the series is so interesting is the questions you ask. we would like to encourage you to take part again tonight. tweet us,eak us -- you can postdate comment on our facebook page, and you can also call us. our numbers are -- mountan/pacific -- we will get to your calls in just a bit. i would like to start with a phone conversation with president johnson. i will ask you to explain about the phone conversation and why we have them before we listen. what did he do in the white house? telephoned his conversations. with johnson, 650 hours over five years. casesed people in most without their knowledge, including jacqueline kennedy. at that point she had a very good relationship with lbj. but she would not have been too happy to know he was having this call taped. >> this is the phone conversation was just 10 days after the death of her husband. this is a phone conversation with lyndon johnson. >> the first thing you got to learn, you got some things to learn. >> i wasn't going to send you in. putou just come over and your arm around me, that's all you do. we haven't got anything else to do, let's take a walk. walk around the backyard. let me tell you how much you mean to all of us, and how we can carry on. >> you know what i want to say about that letter? i know how rare a letter risen the president's handwriting. you know i have more of your handwriting than i do object's -- of jack's now, and for you to send me that thing today, the announcement and everything -- >> i want you to know i told my mother a long time ago, when everybody else gave up about my election in 1948, my mother and you havend my sisters, a lot of courage we men don't have. we have to rely and depend on you. you got something to do. you have the president relying on you, and this is not the first time. many women running around -- you have the biggest job of your life. >> ran around with two presidents. that is what they will say with -- about me. ok, anytime. thank you for calling, mr. president. goodbye. >> do come by. >> i will. relationship between lbj and president kennedy was not always the easiest relationship. but after his assassination, how did he treat the departing first family and jackie kennedy? >> very well and mrs. kennedy talked about how grateful she was for president johnson. though it sometimes caught in her throat to have to say president johnson. unlike the president's mother, who when she was called a couple hours after the assassination by air force one slipped into calling him is to president. he is very grateful to both mrs. johnson -- she was very grateful to mrs. johnson and president johnson that they were so gracious to her and let her stay in the white house until december 6. she was able to stay there with her children until she got the sense of where she was going to go. she had no home to go to. in the carnage in dallas, she lost her husband, her home and her job. she literally had no place to go until the home was opened to her in georgetown. caroline was going to nursery school and kindergarten. she was very grateful to the president for that. >> you have listened to a lot of jacqueline kennedy indicates project. control ofso in herself, 10 days after the assassination and going to the funeral, help us understand her and her psyche. often,would find that is someone who was lost a spouse or someone very close to them, during the days of the funeral and the ceremony, she said, just keep on moving right now, we can all collapse later. there were a net decisions she had to make -- where to live, about the presidential library, trying to make sure her children were in as normal of an environment as possible. you cannot think of anything more abnormal than, the children lost their father this way. and once she got to georgetown she did almost collapse. this was late december and the beginning of spring. she went through a terrible depression. quite understandably. before then, you couldn't ask for more than she did in terms of keeping the situation forever -- together. >> in the days before the trip to dallas, what was the popularity of the kennedy administration and mrs. kennedy? >> the president had suffered because of civil rights. >> by 20 points. >> he had fallen in the southern states, so he was concerned. he was going to texas to try to connect -- cements the party there and raise money for the 1964 campaign. this was really the kickoff for the 1964 presidential reelection campaign. gallup does not take regular polls about the first lady at the time. but early on, 1961, she was polling at about 59%. -- in2, gallup did take 1940 they started the most admired woman paul -- poll. she finally supplanted eleanor roosevelt, who had been number one for 12 years. mrs. kennedy was for five or six more years after that. she was riding high. remember, they lost their baby patrick in august of 1963, so people felt particularly kindly toward her. >> there is also an irony. when john kennedy was planning his campaign in 1960, he once made an offhand remark, we will have to run jackie through subliminally. he meant that jackie had been but shen an elite way, might not be too politically helpful. and there was no one who was more astounded and delighted that she had turned out this -- into this vast political asset. when jfk was planning the trip to texas, john conley and the others in texas said, you have to bring mrs. kennedy. she is so popular and you will have much bigger crowds. as indeed he did. >> john kennedy was much more wealthy than she. so why would the public not react to his wealth in the way he was concerned with her? >> he felt there are many -- as many political leaders that come from affluence to, he gave the impression that he was a guy from the navy. in 1957 she bought him a jag wire as a birthday gift. he had it returned and traded it in for review at -- a buick. he felt she was not someone who had much political experience. >> she talked in the oral history about how she felt she was a drag on him in the early days. >> she said, i'm sorry i'm such a drag for you. >> before we get into more detail on the 1960 campaign, i would like to understand the creation of the imagery of camelot. how did that come about? >> jackie kennedy asked teddy friend, writing for "life" magazine, to come to hyannisport and interview her. -- pressers were held for this. she said, late at night, before were in the white house, we used to play the record of "camelot" in the player. needless to say, the editors and life thought, this would be the big theme. they urged him to make camelot the major theme. what came out, the kennedy presidency, camelot made its debut. in the end, she may not have been doing, it may not have been something that helped. years were all knights and great noble deeds was almost setting him up for the revisionist history in the 1970's that did happen. >> she must have known these would come along and she could get out in front of them with this wonderful, signing moment. one brief, shining moment. there was a dark side of camelot, but it certainly was brief. all you have to do is look at the imagery to see they were a shining couple with two beguiling, shining children. >> we will spend some time on the campaign that brought the kennedy's to the white house. we will be visiting the jfk library. we will do that throughout our program tonight. theearn more role -- on role of helping out her husband during the campaign. >> mrs. kennedy spoke in rate length about president kennedy and his love of reading, his belief in the power of words. that is something that is a believe they both shared. what i like about this story here, it shows an example of the great belief in the power of words. a great example of collaboration between husband and wife. this is early in the presidential campaign and in the early days, mrs. kennedy did travel with him as much as possible, and this is a reading copy of the speech he presented in washington state in june of 1959. mrs. kennedy was with him at that dinner, president kennedy had speechwriters and he would often rewrite his speeches up until the moment he was about to deliver it, and at this dinner, he wanted to close the speech "ulysses." he asked, give me the last lines from ulysses. following in mrs. kennedy's hand is the rest of the column, which she knew from memory and gave to him so he could close his speech with those words. a facebook viewer who writes, in clips from the 1960 campaign you rarely see mrs. kennedy. present at the democratic national convention in los angeles. because of the difficulties --ween her 1956 presidency pregnancy, did mrs. kennedy feel she could not bear losing another baby? >> she had a terrible record in her pregnancy. she had lost a baby to miscarriage in 1965, then as this person points out, she lost a stillborn little girl in 1956, right after that very hot, not air-conditioned -- so she was really just afraid to go. i think what this person is referring to is from april onward in 1960 she did tend to stay at home, though she did go with the future president, president of be, to a parade in october 1960 through manhattan, the canyons of manhattan. she was definitely with child. the child would be john junior. a sense ofys had humor. bradley also has -- have a wife was with child. right after the election was one in hyannisport, he said to the two women, you can take the pillows out, we have one. -- won. >> what role did she play? we talked about -- at what point did john kennedy realized he had a political asset? paris inhey went to the spring of 1961 and a lot of people turned out both to see john kennedy, and also jackie, who had been a student in paris, was known to be a french ancestry, spoke french and knew french art and history. that was when she first began to get enormous crowns. i know we will talk about this later on, the program in february 1962, the tour of the white house she worked so hard to restore. >> this was after he was in, she began to realize she could help with sustaining popularity. we will take a few calls. ida in west palm beach, you are on the air. >> thank you, i am enjoying this series very much. i was only five years old when the president was assassinated, so i don't really remember it, but i have read so many books about the president and mrs. kennedy, i'm great admirer of hers. one of the biggest images was her pink stained suit, and after she removed it -- she did not want to remove it before they returned to washington, as she said, she wanted the world to see what had happened to him. what did become of that suit? was it destroyed or has it been preserved somewhere? and if so, where? and will it ever be shown to the public? i thank you again very much. >> as i understand, once she removed it, it was stored, i believe in her mother's attic. in georgetown. if people are familiar with the work by william manchester, they will see the last paragraph of that book talks about when he saw, after some years went by, the packaged dress, he could see the stains. if one didn't know the story of the pink suit, one would think that the person who wore it had met a terrible end. book, last line of the they might even wonder who had been to blame. >> as we understand, with the it is with the archives, and caroline has made sure it will not appear to the 2103. before the year >> i don't think any of us will see it. >> unless there are changes in medical science. >> mary, from utah, you are on. >> this has been amazing and wonderful, one of the best things on television. thank you for that. my question is, jacqueline kennedy, such a great style icon and known for that, her privates maryr private secretary, gallagher, this was an issue with the president, the cost of her wardrobe. nothing was spared on her clothing. was she known as a frugal individual otherwise? thank you so much. >> not by her husband, if we -- he were to say. but she spent an awful lot on clothing, and by the best information we have, this was actually joseph kennedy, who said, dress as you need to and send me the bills. he felt as a something that is very important about the presidency. in those days it turned out to be a great asset. >> it did become a bit of an issue in the 1960 campaign. they were big statements in the press that she must've spent $30,000 a year on her wardrobe. >> she put out a statement not spend $30,000 -- >> pat nixon -- >> the contrast was strong. it was a close election. then she wore a cloth coat to the inauguration instead of a fur. >> then, a project you know very well. i will show you the book that came out of this. historic conversations on the life of john f. kennedy -- which you annotated in introduced, and work with caroline kennedy on. what is this project? >> when jackie kennedy, right in the wake of the assassination, she was reading all sorts of stories about her husband would not amount to much because it was only two years and 10 months. she was so determined to try to she him win the reputation thought he deserved, one of the things that was urged on her by the white house aide and historian -- was to record all the history. which they spoke on briefly at the university of virginia. when there are historical events that may not be recorded in letters, we go and interview a great figure in history and somehow try to fill in the gaps. she interviewed her at her house ,n georgetown about eight times only a few months after the assassination, when her memories were fresh. the idea would be that she would speak freely, as it -- the historian of the 20th century. these were closed until 2011 when caroline felt they should be published. >> has any other first lady done a similar oral history? >> she was certainly the >> lady first. bird johnson. >> there is a wonderful book. by oxford university press. obtained all her oral history interviews as well. critique, her view of lyndon johnson and the role he played as vice president. jack had to do it as his running mate. he was a man with this enormous ego, raised, mocking jack in every way. jack would say, you can never get an opinion out of him. he asked to go to luxembourg. for a president who is dying to give you a lot to do. take a trip to luxembourg. lyndon as vice president, he could just do anything. >> i want to read something from barbara's but before i get to -- barbara's book before we get to michael. you said -- underneath a veil of consequence, she tremendous -- concealed tremendous awareness. jackie had a very shrewd view of people, who the real people were and who the phonies were, and between people who are bright and those who are stupid. the papers were filled with her assessments of people. did john f. kennedy use this to his advantage as a political partnership? >> i think so. i think that was her political contribution in addition to what we said about the imagery and mastery of television and that sort of thing. we will talk about the fact that she did not have a major impact on policy -- >> nor did she want one. >> he didn't talk to her about it very much. he might on occasion mentioned something, but he did not seek her out for device. -- advice. i think this is the case that if he was going to have any connection with her, at all, in terms of politics it would be when they went off on these trips or when they were coming back from political trips. she did go to 46 of the then-48 states with him in 1959 and 1960 when they were out with the rank and file. she was on the plane with him coming back saying, that person is a phony, that one is real, that one is smart, make sure you keep up with that one. >> you hear the people that she criticizes, adlai stevenson, or the secretary of state. these are the people who tended not to do too well in the kennedy administration, like -- and the one she praised, like robert mcnamara, did very well. one thing to remember is how different these times were. texas on the 21st of november, 1963. since the inauguration, jackie kennedy had never been west of virginia. she did not travel domestically, she had small children and did not campaign, and thought that this was something to do in an election year. that is why going to texas meant so much. she said, jack, i will do anything to help you because this may be a close election in 1964. >> what do you learn about her savvy? listening to all these hours of tapes. >> you were mentioning what they said -- that someone had the impression of someone who was not involved in politics. before the election in 1960, and the convention of 1960, she was asked by a reporter where the democratic convention should be held. she said acapulco. >> at one point she asked what the date was of the inauguration. >> she said these things, and she was not completely on top of it. it shows you how different the role was in those days. if she had given the image she was sitting here giving jack all ,his advice on the entourage that would have been something that would not have helped her very much in terms of society in those age. they were too hard edged, this is the way it would have been seen in 1960. >> catherine brown, the publisher of the washington post, to be honest, the kennedy men, they were chauvinists. and she said, they just weren't interested in what women had to say about anything. >> when did the tapes come out with the biography? >> the tapes came out thanks to michael and caroline kennedy in 2012, -- 2011, excuse me. my book was published in 2004. much to my chagrin, the tapes were not available to write the book. >> so when you heard her in her own words, did it square with the view you developed in the powder -- biography? >> it did. at first i wish i had these but then i realized that this was going to add color and substance, to be sure, and it would have added michael's superb annotation of the oral history. but i found it actually followed the examples that we just gave, talking about mrs. kennedy. i thought as soon as i listened to the oral history -- >> you see it has all the -- >> what it made me think about, in terms of the camelot image, was how she wanted to shake that image -- shake that image after her husband's death. to denigrate others around him sometimes raise him up. >> and also, just humanly. dissing lbj, it is why you always have to be skeptical of oral history. during the presidency, her relationship with lbj was quite good. johnson said she was the only person in the whole entourage except the president who treated him nicely. by spring of 1964, we are -- she was very close to robert kennedy, they were talking all the time. he was already on the outs with lbj and was talking to her about his shortcomings. you have to listen with that in mind. >> we are talking about a first- person historical document. sheldon kuiper on twitter asks first ladies burned letters. did jackie do that? december 2,in the 19 63 phone call, you hear a little you motion in her voice. i now have more handwritten letters from you then -- than from jack. general did not write long, you mode of letters. >> he wrote a law as a youngster to his parents and siblings, but he was not a romantic, it would be safe to say, towards his wife. arell know her letters currently not available at the kennedy library. >> rachel is in portland, oregon. >> thank you so much for this program. i was wondering, how did jacqueline kennedy influence art and fashion in the united states? >> may i ask how old you are? >> i am 12. >> what a great question. >> how much did you know about jacqueline kennedy before you started watching tonight? lot have been studying a about her recently. >> why is that? >> i like reading history very much. and i really enjoy studying about her. so i decided to study about her after finding a book at the library. >> great to have you participating tonight. thanks for making the effort to call in. we are going to talk about her influence. let me answer her question by showing a video, and then we will talk more about it. >> that was a good question. >> at her age, i wrote john f. kennedy was the person i most admire. you will end up with a phd in political science. it is a great life. how theok at presidential library, how they help interpret jacqueline kennedy as a style icon. >> of course she is known for a style icon and admiration of her fashion sense. the first ensemble she wore as first lady was on inauguration coat and dress designed by cassini. it is a wonderful example of her simple elegance that became very popular. wore to adorn she the ensemble was a really tiffanyl ruby brooch by that jfk gave her to celebrate the birth of john junior. she was at the inaugural luncheon right after swearing- in. most famously, finishing the ensemble was the pill box hat, which she wore that day. she wore it on the back of her head so her face would be seen. that actually set a fashion trend. the hat would normally be worn on the very top of the head. she had it pushed back to frame her face. displayed here in the storage boxes perhaps one of mrs. kennedy's best-known dresses. the dress she wore during her televised tour of the white house in february, 1962. visitors to our museum are quite surprised to realize it is red. the program was filmed in black- and-white and broadcast in black and white, but i like to surmise that she chose red for that program knowing it would be televised on valentine's day, 1962. let's go into the museum and look at other examples we have on display. she put a lot of thought into her wardrobe, when she was representing the country both in the white house and while traveling abroad. she would think about what colors could mean something to the country. so for her visit to canada in may of 1961, the first state visit that the kennedys made as president and first lady, she wore this red suit, as a gesture of respect, for the canadian maple leaf and knowing that she would be greeted by the royal canadian mounted police, who famously where -- wear red, . this green coat and hat was one buddy lady -- was one by the first lady for her rival -- her arrival in bogotá, colombia. they were greeted by hundreds of thousands of people, particularly when mrs. kennedy would address the crowds in spanish. i really admire the thought that she put into her wardrobe. you think about the event that she was attending, or the country she was visiting, was there a style of a particular color that she could wear that would mean something to her host? and she knew the advantages of wearing something that would make her stand out in a crowd. >> what do we know other than the fact that she loved clothes and looked great in them? how do we compare her fashion to influence the country, and advance the position of the united states abroad? >> she felt that it was best for the first lady to dress in the best of american fashion. and bring the best of american culture to the white house. she suffered a bit during the televised tour in 1962, suggesting that thewas no longer -- the united states was no longer a young, unformed country, but a country -- that language have been her -- but worthy of being considered as a superpower. >> she goes from being a clothes horse to being a cold warrior. >> she understood have -- >> she helped to draw in, what we then called the third world countries. we were the new world and what better representation of the new world than the 33-year-old, young, fresh woman, with these youthful fashions. >> and the people in paris -- >> last week, eisenhower -- they set trends across the country and people were emulating her. and it was a couple of years before they were putting the bangs in their hair. in -- you could buy them in the drugstore. >> we were talking about the ike sundress. this is not something that she would wear. this was an upping of the level of the style. i think that goes to cassini, who wrote to mrs. kennedy. she picked him because he was american, he had european ties and hollywood ties, but he said, i will create a wardrobe for you on the world stage. and indeed he did. want jack and myself to dress as if jack was president of france. >> how did the american public respond? >> by and large they loved it. every now and then she was a little too youthful. sometimes she would show up and -- in a bathing suit. sometimes you had conservatives who said, a first lady should not do that and if you think of the previous three first -- -- they were in their 60's when they left office. they were somewhat matronly and had grandchildren in some instances. so she seemed like everybody's older sister or cousin rather than their maiden aunt or grandmother. >> let's take a call next, from judy, in newport news. >> love the series. we are really enjoying it. thank you so much. it seems to me i have heard her name pronounced as "jack- lean." is this true? >> she preferred to be called that -- she was usually called jackie, which she hated. and she says in the oral history -- both jack and i thought the combination of jack and jackie was quite unfortunate. >> anthony in chicago. >> how are you doing today? >> what is your question? >> we are going through this in my high school class as we speak. as you all know, there was a if i'mith the zapruder, pronouncing his name right. we were looking at this in class, this was graphic and horrifying, of course, but i was wondering, when he was shot -- was jacqueline kennedy trying to jump out of the car in that video, or was this just trying , what are in high school year? >> i'm a junior. >> thank you for your call. >> the answer is we don't know why. she was asked about it in the warren commission. she said, i see myself climbing on the car but don't remember much. she was deeply in shock. >> would you show these accrued or film in a high school class? film in a high school class? >> i would not. like the explosion of the challenger, i have not watched this, this is too painful and i would not show this to students. >> but this is widely available on the internet. >> is it helpful to talk about this in the classroom weather is a guided discussion? >> perhaps, but that would be a line i would have to draw. i would have to say to them, as i mentioned earlier, i remember that day so well as a seven- year-old, being taken up to search from cap -- church from catholic school to pray the rosary for the president, who had been wounded, and to be told at the end of the day he had died and to see the last prayer of the day for him. i would have to step back to my scholarly side, -- scholarly side and be human. >> what would you think about -- what would jackie think about the documentaries that are all over television? would she be happy the story is still being told? >> there is always the hazard in talking about a historical figure and what they may or may not have thought. she was so worried at the end of 1962 that jack would be forgotten. she was asking to her friends and others, please don't let them forget jack. i think it the very least, she would not approve of everything being shown, but at least it was a sign he was not being forgotten. far from it. >> and the camelot label has remained. >> the young caller talked about her influence on the arts. our next video, from the kennedy library, is of a trip she took to india and pakistan in early 1962 along with her sister. let's watch that and then talk about her international travel. and her influence on the arts. >> i am profoundly impressed with the reverence you have in pakistan for your art and your culture. my own country has pride in their traditions. , i know that is one more thing that binds us together and which always will. >> the interesting thing -- we were talking about how so many images of the kennedy administration are in black and white. this is in color. how did that happen? >> this was the presidency and the president, who was aware of the importance of color photography. one of the last tapes, he is talking about plans for the 1964 democratic convention. he says, i want to have a motion picture about the administration in color, because it has so much impact. therecky thing for us is would have been the information agency and a bunch of photographers accompanying her on a trip like this, so we have a color film. >> how many international trips did she take? >> this was by herself with her sister, but not with the president. it would be viewed as unofficial and we could talk about the canadian trip, her first trip out of the country, and in paris in june of 1961. they made several trips south of the border and went to puerto rico and colombia, and venezuela, and costa rica. where else have they gone? >> she felt it was not her duty outside of campaigns to travel domestically. >> she traveled by herself or with family for vacations. >> she knew how important it was for her to go with him. to vienna when khrushchev was meeting and bringing his wife. >> how important was this to policy ofthe foreign the administration? >> i think that for jackie to get the receptions like the kind that they did in paris in 1961, when they went with the and i to meet with khrushchev and got a reception. the leader of the soviet union, nikita khrushchev, that was the time when the united states was trying to make the point that they are a arriving power and third world countries should align with us, not the soviet union. >> next is dennis in brooklyn. you are on the air. >> thank you, susan, and thank you for the program. i wanted to ask, we already mentioned that mrs. kennedy had a huge influence on the arts, style, and culture. i am curious ever since i saw "ulysses"d that campaign earlier during the campaign -- she was incredibly well read. was it her education or her upbringing that fueled her intelligence? >> it was both. she talked about, an autobiographical essay that she had done in 1951 -- she talked about her upbringing and said that she was a tomboy who like to go horseback riding, but she also like to be by herself and sit in a room, reading little lord fauntleroy, and she loved to read, with the european cast -- to read books, especially with a european cast to them. she was an avid reader, much like her husband, but she tended to read literature and he would read history. she continued this and also had a superb background in education, both for her prep school years as well is going to years in vassar, then the sorbonne for junior year abroad in paris, and finishing up at george washington university. one of a handful of first ladies up to that time with a bachelors degree. >> sometimes it is forgotten, her influence on historic preservation. now, we take it as a given, if there is a beautiful historic building, there better be a good reason to take that down. or else you do not do it. 50 years ago, that was not the case. the term urban renewal was used. if john kennedy in particular and jackie kennedy as first lady had not been the first lady in the 1960s -- the executive office building next to the white house would have been torn which dwight eisenhower was willing to do. he thought it was an eyesore. wouldf lafayette square have been torn down. backlley madison, i came and there was the white house all that up. beautiful lafayette square. >> it would have been replaced by federal office buildings of lot --time, looking roughly like a federal penitentiary and prison yard. that was the difference that she was there. this really helped the historic preservation -- >> in the book you quote aldrich -- who was she? >> her social secretary and schoolmate from ms. porter's school in connecticut. >> she wrote that mrs. kennedy designed her mission of first lady along the following lines. do you remember this? >> preservation of family, entertaining with style and grace in the number one house in the world, the makeover of the white house itself and the raising of the cultural stature of this country. >> wasn't that amazing that she wrote that before going into the white house. she already had a firm sense -- family and children first. everyone would hope that would be the case but she already had a mission statement before she began as the first lady. >> our next clip is from an that was done about raising children in the white house. >> it is rather hard with children. there is so little privacy. i don't mind for myself -- but i think it is hard with them, i wanted to take my daughter to the circus last week and decided, i just shouldn't because that would ruin it for her. i worked so hard to make a little ballet school a private thing we can do together and there were a number of photographers when we got there. so it is a little hard. >> do you think caroline, who is older than john junior, has she changed much from the attention she has gotten? >> no. she is still too little. but someday she's going to have to go to school, and if she is in the papers all the time that will affect her classmates and they will treat her differently. --t is what i am so anxious we were always treated the same. it is how other people treat her because they read about her. >> both of you have written about the school that they created in the white house. will you tell us the story of how it was created, what the goal was, and how the public perceives it? >> we heard about that right here, she was worried about caroline, who when her father became president would have been three years old. going to an existing school and having people fawn over her, in washington, she thought it might be more normal if she created a school in the white house to learn. they hired teachers and had other kids around the same age, mostly the children of other members of the administration. that school ran for the length of the kennedy presidency. at the time of the assassination, one of the things the schoolwas to say can't go on at least until the end of the semester. >> there was a controversy because all the children were white. >> although there is a photograph in the oral history that shows the class portrait of caroline and her schoolmates. there is one african-american student. i think he was the son of andrew hatcher, the assistant press secretary. he said to his father, the president came over and address you by name. it was, how did he know me? he must've been told, i was the one with the blue pen. height of at the concern over integration and only a few days after brown versus board. people were writing into the white house and saying, were there any, in those days they would say negro childen in the class and they had to say this was a private school, not a public school, which would be -- which would have to follow the brown versus board of education edict. >> we have more on the candy -- more on the kennedy administration. first on the list, the creation of the peace corps, the advancement of the space program, creation of the space program. the cuban missile crisis and bay of pigs. the introduction of civil rights legislation, which john kennedy sent to congress. sending military advisers in vietnam. comment on anyto of those in particular and how they framed our view of the historical relevance of the administration? >> one way of evaluating a president is to say how much you engage with the controversial issues of the time. domestically, the biggest issue was civil rights. it took john kennedy two-and-a- sent thes, but he first big civil rights bill to congress saying public accommodations should be integrated. it took a lot of courage. domestically, the cold war, the cuban missile crisis. probably some elements of what he did lead to the cuban missile crisis. the moment it happens, i want john kennedy as my president. did not result in the deaths of up to 48 million americans, which could have happened. that is as relevant today as it would have been at the time. thehe bay of pigs, usually term fiasco is associated with the bay of pigs. the utter failure to remove castro. yet because president kennedy went out and gave a press conference and said, i am the responsible officer of this government, i am the responsible one, his opinion ruble -- approval rating went up to 83%. >> and also, when the soviet missiles went into cuba, the joint chiefs said it -- you won't taking much of a risk, he knew to be skeptical of them in a way that he was not at the time. >> and he refashioned his entire administrative procedure by making these kinds of decisions. >> andrew, from south carolina. you are on. >> thank you for having me on. i was wondering how -- what was her astrological sign and how did this shape your worldview? inshe was interested astrology. she was born on july 28, 1929. perhaps our color could tell us. i think that this is leo. my wife was born on the same day. so i have a bit of a leg up. who cameis the woman to see me in richmond who plotted out the astrological signs of the entire kennedy family? listening to jackie kennedy in the videos and the audio, regina wants to know, did jackie speak cadence in normal conversations as on tv? not.e did some people who knew her commented on the fact that in public she spoke in a way that was very careful, sometimes a little bit stilted, and the explanation was she had in her mind the way a first lady should look and a first lady should act, and also the way a first lady should sound, which is different from the way she sounded off duty in the evenings. >> but her mother and sister also had that. >> this has a label, locust valley lockjaw, for the oyster bay area of long island. she said to me, they all spoke the same way. exactlyit, i think, is what michael said. the other part is the whispery part of that. her dad had said this was a way to attract men. i always look at the photographs of mrs. kennedy in conversation with powerful men and foreign dignitaries, and oftentimes she is very close to them, with a strapless gown, just tucked up under their arms, and i have the sense that she is using that voice. said, even as a teenager, she would speak to a young man, she would just envelop you. you thought you were really brought into her orbit. clearly it worked. >> when she wrote letters, she wrote some of the best letters, romantic, almost overdoing it, saying how wonderful someone was, this was one of the best evenings of my life when maybe not have been. many people were so charmed by these that they felt they were much closer to her than they actually were. >> next is craig, in omaha. >> thank you for your call. what is on your mind? >> i love your book, for starters. my question is, i own a 1962 kennedy board game. the question is, how did mrs. kennedy feel about her image being put out like that? >> a kennedy board game? >> i was given a deck of cards by a student of mine that had all of the kennedy family on the faces of the cards. i doubt she would be pleased with that, but she had to know that these things were happening, and she had approved a paper doll collection that would have shown caroline as a paper doll dressed up like a first lady. >> this was from the political advisers in the west wing, she barely tolerated things like this. she thought they were other and -- she thought it was undignified. , "the famous family" the best-selling record of the time. von meter, imitating jfk. she was outraged that there would be an actress playing her. >> we are at the height of the "madman" era. the creation of medical campaigns from madison avenue. she had to recognize the political value of all of that. >> many of the pictures that we must treasure of jfk and those children, you may notice that there is no jackie. these were taken when she was oftentimes out of the country and not in a position to object when they said, get the photographers in. >> that is a nice segue. i want to talk to both the you about the relationship tween the press and the kennedy administration, and how jacqueline kennedy interfaced with the press. when you look back at those times, there is so much written about the friendliness of the press corps. the relationship between the washington post editors, and the kennedy administration. looking through a historical lens, how does that look to you now? >> much more genteel in almost every respect about private lives. kennedy thought that the press was at his throat all the time, but compared to nowadays, it looks extremely different. the attitude was at the beginning of the administration she said -- your policy with the press should be giving out minimal information with maximum politeness. which pretty much summarized it. >> we show a picture of jacqueline, with ben bradley, and his arm is around her. you look at how close that relationship was, and what is at stake. >> you may notice that the original picture showed a little bit more of her legs, and she -- she actually took a black pen and ink it a little it so it was more first lady-like. the other thing -- upstairs in the white house -- this is very different than how it may have been during the eisenhowers. to be the editor of "the washington post" and people know him from watergate and all the president's men. but he was also the editor of "newsweek" at the time. he had been the neighbor of the kennedys, along with his wife. they were good friends and they continue the friendship, as you can see. some of the beautiful videos that were taken in the last weeks out of the northern virginia home right before the assassination are with the bradleys. they were brought in the afternoon the >> does it serve the public well? >> i'm sure not. >> the president did not talk to him for about six months. >> likewise, mrs. kennedy dropped him from her friendship when he wrote "conversations with kennedy" and she thought it was an invasion of privacy. they were thin skinned. >> robert from plano, texas, hi, robert. guest: how are you doing? i'm interested in the relationship between christine jackie onassis. i heard she was deceased and i want you to expound a little bit on their relationship. what was it like? >> we aren't great source on that as historians. we have to stick with things we can talk about that with certainty. i don't know if you want to comment on this. >> i would say it's pretty obvious they had a fight over the onassis will and that mrs. kennedy at that time, mrs. onassis did fight to get more money from the family and that she was successful in doing that. so there's no love loss between the two of them, probably. >> one hour left in our two-hour look at jackie kennedy's life and her accomplishments and approach to the role of first lady. when when he talk about how the press interfaced and how they might have been gentler than two issues that were very much apart of jack kennedy's biography to talk about, first of all, his health. there are many things we know now about the severity of the back pain and addison's disease and the like. why did we not know more about it at the time? >> he would not have been elected president in the 1960. there were rumors that he suffered from addison's disease, which he did. >> we should say rumors spread by lyndon johnson and others. >> and others, sure. there was an effort by his entourage to protect him and say he didn't suffer from addison's disease but not the classic kind. that was what was done. in recent years, we've gotten access to his medical records that showed he suffered from all sorts of things, bad stomach, bad back. all sorts of thing, many medications. you can look at this one way or another. you can say this is a terrible cover-up we should have known. probably we should have. at the same time, if you're trying to evaluate what the man was made of to go through all of that, his brother once said jack kennedy went through at least half of his days on this earth in intense physical pain, probably true. and that is a test of someone who had great will. >> he had the last rites of the church said over him three or four times prior to dallas, 1963. >> i'd like for you to tell a story that you tell in your book about early in his marriage when he has experimental surgery on his back. she as a young wife tends to him. >> it's so difficult for him in the first few years because the back gets worse. we think first from a football injury in college and then slammed against the bulkhead of pt-109 in the midst of world war ii. between that and taking cortisone for a bad stomach, robert believes in consulting with doctors that caused a deterioration of the lumbar. so in the early part of their marriage in '54, he has this experimental fusion attempt to be made of the lumbar region and they place a metal plate in his spine and it just -- he suffers a terrible, terrible infection that almost kills him. and then -- >> reduced immune response. >> from the addison's disease. then it won't heal. the wound won't heal. here's jacqueline kennedy, a newlywed, a young woman, she's with him once they get to palm beach from the hospital. she has to dress this gaping wound. he goes back under the knife a few months later. they remove the plate and have a slightly more successful surgery but he suffers periodic bouts of severe back pain for the rest of his life. >> also led her to be very skeptical of doctor, one of the most poignant things that in parkland hospital in dallas when he was there and the doctors were working on him after the shooting. the doctors and the nurses said you can't come in here, and she said i'm going to be there when he dies. the reason was when she went through this in 1954, she remembered how the doctors said you can't be near him even though she heard him calling for her. >> ted in ft. lauderdale, florida. hi, ted, you're on. >> cute story -- jackie when she lived in manhattan. i believe they lived in an apartment building on fifth avenue. right next door in one of the apartment buildings was greta garbo. and jackie was a great greta garbo fan. and she would watch and when she'd see greta garbo on the street, i don't want to use the "stalk," because that's too cruel. but she would follow her going into a store. she would follow her in never speaking to her but looking at her and saying, oh, there's greta garbo. a person she really loved and admired. >> she actually knew greta garbo. >> she did? that's what i wanted to hear. >> 1963, greta garbo came for dinner and len billings had known greta garbo in europe, spent some time with her. so j.f.k. played a joke on his schoolmate. that len is going to fawn all over greta garbo. greta comes in and has dinner and len billings begins to talk to greta and greta said, i've never met this man before in my life. >> those prep school pranksters. >> a quote in his book in unfinished life that i wanted to introduce the other topic with the relationship to the press. that is john kennedy's womanizing. this is one thing he wrote. kennedy had affairs with several women, including pamela turnure, jackie's press secretary, mary pinchot meier, ben bradley's sister-in-law, two white house secretaries playfully dubbed fiddle and fadle. judith campbell exner and a full -- tall, slender beautiful intern. how much of this did the press know and not report? >> ben bradley, who i talked to at great length, insists he did not know, did not know about his own sister-in-law being involved with jfk. so in retrospect, there was a feeling this was better known or better documented than it may have been at the time. >> in your biography, you talk about the fact that his reputation as a womanizer was known when he was a senator in washington. she was well aware of this reputation as they were dating. what do we know about mrs. kennedy's knowledge about how much it continued after the marriage? and if so, how she felt about it? >> well, bless her heart, she kept her counsel on most of the time. she didn't write a memoir, she didn't go on oprah and tell all. >> or even tell some. >> that's a great credit to her. so we think she may have a couple of times let out in anger, perhaps, in french, both instances, where she made a reference to someone who might be having an affair with her husband in private. one could only speculate what that was like in the marriage and what tension it must have brought to the marriage, especially the early marriage when he was having all of the medical problems and she was having trouble with her pregnancies as well. >> both -- a question for both of you. when you look back knowing now what we know about the tensions in their marriage and the challenges they faced, what was the relationship like? how strong a marriage did this seem? with your documentary evidence? >> i think it was a real relationship. and probably perhaps happiest at the very end. she certainly says the happiest years were in the white house. i think that was true. and there's a lot of evidence to suggest after they lost a son, patrick, in august of 1963, they became a lot closer. for instance, you see them holding hands. >> at love field on the last day of his life in a way that you had not seen before. >> she would say that in the oral history, wouldn't she? she would say my husband didn't like to kiss babies or kiss me. he would not hold my hand or kiss me after the inauguration. you remember her touching very gently his cheek. and at the end she wanted to say oh, jack, what a day. that speaks volumes. and when they came out of the hospital after poor patrick passed away after two days, he is holding her hand and when they take the helicopter back to hyannis and they come down the steps, he's helping her because she's gone through the cesarean section. a few weeks later, he's helping her down the steps and comes down herself. i had not seen that before. ben bradley says on september of '63, he thought he saw them closer than ever. when they came together for newport for their anniversary, he said he had never seen her greet him so warmly. >> that is for all of the reasons she was distraught and devastated about what happened on the 22nd of november, it was that much worse because if you assume there was new hope and warmth in this, you can imagine it's going through her head. >> i don't have a number. but she did for instance go to italy in the summer of 1962 with her sister and her daughter. >> i'm asking the question -- we've talked about international trips before. did she intentionally get out of washington? >> oh, yes. for instance, they rented an estate called glen aura, middleburg, virginia the first two years where she rode horses. she thought for if children the more she could get them away from the white house and press attention, the better it would be on them and her. >> camelot in the lens jackie wanted jfk's presidency to be remembered was discuss. was this an effort on their part to hide their issues? >> i think not specifically. in some sense. but it was her effort to get people to look at that period and for years, it was successful. >> so her time in the white house, the things we should talk about which contributions, entertaining and the arts. what did she do on this level to introduce the public to aspects of american culture that perhaps they might not see before. >> you mentioned entertainment. first of all, i counted up 16 state dinners, only 1,032 days in the white house. compared, for example, to george bush 43. they might have had a half dozen or so in the eight years, for a host of reasons, 9/11 security issues. laura bush didn't like to entertain that way. the kennedys loved it. they would have third world leaders come and they would draw them in. they would have the lively arms. >> people remark that mamie and ike would have fred wearing and the pennsylvanians. >> big band music. >> will rogers. >> military. >> where as the kennedy had ballet and public -- >> and opera. there was that. the fine arts, she had the fine arts committee bringing paintings, attracting paintings to the white house. that was my favorite story. the mona lisa coming to washington and to new york. and then the picture of her standing in front of it in that gorgeous strapless pink gown with one of her arm tucked up under the art minister of france is priceless. >> she saw things aesthetically and knew those things would be important which we saw in the four days in november of 1963. but if you see the way a president nowadays sees a state visitor, that's all jackie kennedy is doing, between eisenhower and the predecessors. you have a state dinner and dining room, a big table in the shape of an e. the president, the first lady, the visitors would be at the long side of this. it was very formal and military looking. it was her idea that she should have round tables that encourage conversation and you should have a pageant on the south grounds perhaps with performers that harken back to the revolutionary period. even air force one, she had prepared with the design we see now adays, she knew that plane landing in the foreign airport looking the way it does is a tool of america's diplomacy. >> it was her idea to greet the visitors. make it a ceremony. otherwise it would be at union station or international airport. >> jessica in irwin, pennsylvania. hi, jessica. >> thank you for this series. so much fun. i'm curious to know since she's so lovely, did she have a regular exercise regimen? and what was her diet like? >> she certainly walked a lot. her favorite sport was as most people know equestrian. she was very good. her mother spent a year, freshman year at street briar college in virginia. they're known for their equestrian program. >> that was subtle in there. >> thank you very much. she would go back after those years and she would train there. the coach said she was a very good equestrian. this started when she was just walking, she was in the saddle. so that was her favorite way to get out and get fresh air. we the tell she watched her diet, ate carefully and exercised well. >> we're giving the good points, she was a smoker. >> she was a smoker. it was something that was very well hidden. sometimes she would smoke putting a cigarette in an ivory holder which would not have been the most helpful thing. she water skiied, the aforementioned album of the first family there's one skit where john kennedy -- john glenn is called to hyannis port for the mission and said get down to the dock and put on your water skis, jackie's waiting. >> she took caroline out and pulled her up on the skis with her. that generated letters, how dare you put your child in danger that way. >> we talked about the white house administration. the truman administration, they gutted the white house, the trumans, and completely restored the framework. what specifically did jackie kennedy? >> what happened under harry truman was that for structural reasons as we saw two weeks ago in the excellent series, the white house had to be gutted in a steel superstructure put inside eight inches away from the outer walls. that's what's there now adays. it turned out the be so expensive there was not much money left to buy furniture. so harry truman made a great deal to furnish the whole ground floor in bulk with good prices, reproductions. jackie got there after the election of 1960 she feels aghast. she said it looked like a statler hotel which she did not mean as a compliment. it was not convincing reproductions. so this mother of two, with other things to think about, took on what was this enormous project of raising a huge amount of money of art and artifacts. she wanted it to be in europe. -- the equivalent of europe. for foreign leaders to come to the white house and look like a hotel, threadbare and reproduction. it cast a bad light on the united states. if you liked the way the white house looks nowadays, we should thank jackie kennedy. >> we've been telling people all along that our partners are the folks for the white house historical association. we should say that. but it was created in this time. what was the story of the creation? what did it do then? >> it helped her to restore the white house and acquire artifacts. she was worried that when she was no longer first lady, the next first lady may not be so interested in history and may have a sister-in-law that ran a curio shop somewhere who decided they would redecorate in perhaps the style of the late 1940s or something that was more contemporary. so she thought if there was an historical association, that would be one bullwart to prevent future first ladies from turning it backwards back to before the period in which it -- which it becomes a great museum. >> she set a precedent for the other two branches of government. quickly, congress establishes its own historical society and the supreme court did about ten years later. >> looking at the press conference of a white house buy that came out. it's still in print. since the debut in 1962, 4.5 million books of these books have been sold. >> they have. she remembered going -- >> you'd like to have a number like that, huh? >> yes, i think maybe not by the government -- not for $1 apiece. >> yeah. >> the book is in a class of its own and should be. 1940, she went to the white house as a 10 or an 11-year-old girl. she was disappointed there was not a guide book. >> nothing to take away, she said. >> that was important. she knew this could generate income to help with the restoration. and that guidebook has been revised and revised and sold today. >> the curator at the time was writing the text. jackie didn't like the way it was coming out. so she went to her friend -- >> told him it was going a little slowly. >> she went to arthur schlesinger. she asked if he would write the text. she wrote the introduction. >> you referenced the televised tour of the white house when the white house was completed and it was a p.r. bonanza for the administration. what were the circumstances of the tour? who televised it. how many people watched it? >> cbs televised it. >> it was shown on all networks. >> the two, maybe up to three by abc and coming on-line then. so she goes throughout the white house. now remember we're talking about 90% of the house holds having televisions. even though it's in black and white and we can't see her bright red dress on valentine's day, by today's standards, it's stilted. people fell in love with it. they think there were 56 million viewers. they think three out of four viewers watched it. one little boy wrote to her and said i really liked it. my dad was going to watch "maverick," a western at the time. i talked him to this. she received a fan letter from barbara bush, future first lady. behind the iron curtain, 106 countries around the world. she won a special emmy for it. so it was a real high point. >> kennedy loved it. he couldn't believe what people was saying. he would have thought, i think he said this, here we have my wife, you know, raising money, buying art and artifacts and furniture. interesting to us. but to most americans, it will seem different from their way of living. it had exactly the opposite impact of what made people love this project that should take on -- >> he did the cameo. he comes in and does a little cold war vignette when he talked about how important the freedom of the united states is and how important the white house is. >> she thought it was one of the worst performances. one of their friends said, i thought it was so great, i cried when i watched jackie's performance. and jack said, yep, i cried when i saw my performance too. >> as you know you've been watching, very robust websites. first ladies where all of the videos of the programs are archived but also the other videos and each first lady are accessible. each week we put a special item for you to see for the first lady being fie features. you can see her special emmy for the white house tour. i do want to mention the first lady's book, which you can find there. it's a guide to the biographies of every first lady. it's available at cost. if you're interested in a souvenir of the series or the history of the women we've been profiling all year, it's a link you can find it at $12.95, something along those lines. this is katie, she's watching us in san francisco. hi, katie. >> thanks for the program. i've been enjoying it every week. i wrote my thesis about jaclyn -- jacqueline kennedy and her support of the fine arts. i would ask you to talk about her relationship and if the american public liked that relationship with him being a frenchman and how he helped with the white house restoration. >> i don't think he had a direct impact on the restoration. >> except taking her through versailles and showing her -- >> giving her a model to follow. but in bringing the mona lisa. michael might want to speak to this. i thought she was more admiring of him than she seemed to indicate in the oral history. she talks about the sadness that he had experienced when she met with him in 1961 in paris. he and his wife lost two sons in a tragic car accident. he was meeting with her even under those circumstances. she admired him for that. she admired his literature to be sure and being frank fillic about all things. >> gary robertson wants to know, what would jackie say she's most proud of in her white house years after being first lady. >> she said in the oral history, i think, she said she was proud of the restoration. she probably wouldn't have used the word "proud" because she probably would have said one of the things i did i felt was most important. is the other thing gets almost no attention at the time. that is it's a very important egyptian historic site that was temples in danger of being eroded by the nile that she worked with congress and jfk to save and did -- and the result was that the egyptian government, nassar at the time, said all right, thank you, mrs. kennedy, we'll send something to the united states of ours. it was a temple she hoped would be built in washington wound up put in the metropolitan museum in fifth avenue in new york. she saw it every morning. it was right outside her bedroom window at the apartment house she lived in. >> grand central station, too. >> later on. not as first lady. >> later in life, would she have been proud of those. she would have used those terms, no doubt. >> she drew a very thick line the things that happened when her husband was president. she felt things that happened before and after, they weren't. and some of the accounts of her destroying letters at the very end of her life with that in mind. >> who was jacqueline bouvier? we want to tell you about her early biography and the interest she developed as a young woman. we will return to the kennedy library to learn more about her early years as a writer. >> from a young age, she liked to write. she would create poems as gifts to her parents on christmas and birthdays. she would write a poem and illustrate it. we have two early examples when she was 10 years old. while at the school in connecticut when she went to high school, she wrote a really wonderful essay called be kind and do your share. she said be kind and do your share, that's all there is to it. she goes on about how helping others in life is so important and how easy it is for us to say a kind word to someone and all of the difference it can make to this person. the scrapbook is called one special summer after graduating from school. jackie and her sister lee were sent on a summer through europe. as a token of appreciation for that gift, they collaborated together on the scrapbook to give to their parents to let them know what their adventures were. and it's a combination of snapshots that they took. handwritten descriptions of the different places they visited, the people they met. wonderful and whimsical sketches done by jackie. in the fall of 1950, jaclyn bouvier entered vogue's very well known writing contest. the prix de pari contest. she won the contest. her two winning essays, one was a self-portrait, where she described herself as tall, 5'7", brown hair, a small face, and eyes so unfortunately far apart that it takes three weeks to have a pair of glasses made to have a bridge to fit over my nose. her example and her love of writing and the power of wordsth she's asked in question three of the essay, who are three people in history you wish you knew. in addition to that, the russian ballet. in the early 1950s, jaclyn jacqueline bouvier was hired as the camera girl in "the washington times" on display here. she went through the streets of washington interviewing different people and asking questions and creating columns. one column is prophetic because she interviewed nixon and john f. kennedy who would be adversaries in the 1970s campaign. i think the example of the early writings, and she did write throughout her life. but if her life had been different, she would have been a writer of some kind, maybe even professionally. and we know in her later life, the last part of her life, she was a prolific editor of books in new york city working on different authors with books of several topics. >> put the basic facts on the table. where was she born, to whom, and when? >> she was born in the hamptons in 1929 just before the stock market crashed in the summer of that year. her parents were john and janet bouvier. he had been an investment banker on wall street but lost his savings in the stock market crash. she continued to summer with grandfather bouvier called grandpa jack. they would write poetry and memorize poetry together. her mother was a strict disciplinarian but both sisters lee and jackie grow up in a broken home. their parents separate when jackie is 7 and they divorce when she's 12 and it's a very bitter, acrimonious divorce because her father was a womanizer and somewhat of an alcoholic. >> his nickname was black jack? >> black jack, also the name of the horse in the funeral coincidentally in november of 1963. she had this insecure childhood. but the interesting thing is if you looked at her, didn't know any of this, you would have thought she had the most perfect early years. probably an heiress. her father was so short on money that when she was farmington in high school, she later said that sometimes she would worry they would not be able to pay the tuition at the end of the tournament. she might have to leave. so we were talking about the strength of will and where it came from. this is someone who live in a way that was much more elite than 99% of human beings but at the same time, had its difficulties. >> father struggled with alcoholism. >> indeed. >> the extent of the wealth of her background of her family is important to understand the role she brought to it. where did the money come from? >> her father's family had been in finance. it was the family money that was lost. her money -- her father, her mother married an affluent man. he was not in the business of endowing his new wife's two children. when jackie took the job, she needed the salary. >> she liked to work. >> she was a worker. >> how did that affect her exposure to the city? how did she develop an affinity to this place? >> michael mentioned she made the first trip to the white house when she was preadolescent about 11 or 12 years old. that is her introduction to washington, d.c. when her mother marries him, they're married at marywood at michigan state. they summer at newport. that's her introduction of the culture of washington. jackie kennedy would say, oh, her first trip at that time to the national art gallery when she fell in love with art and the wonderful feeling it gave her to view art and sculpture. >> this was a life of privilege. >> she lived on a huge estate. she was always the poor relation. i'm not making an argument that she lived in hardship given the way most of human kind does and did live. but this is someone who felt there were challenges. >> she didn't know what her future would be but to marry well. which she did. >> how much of the attraction was that kennedy's family was very, very wealthy? >> it wasn't love at first sight. there wasn't chemistry immediately. when they were first introduced by the famous dinner party by the charlie bartels in 1951, there were no sparks. he seemed to want to ask her out. when he went out with her, there was another beau waiting for her, another male friend waiting for her. >> what was the age different? >> he was born in 1917, she in 1929. 12 years. >> they met several times before? >> she first met him on a train. she wrote about it. she said this congressman with reddish brown hair i met on the train, i don't think she had ever heard of him. he by then was in congress. he had a book and a famous father ambassador to england, that was not her world. >> he didn't remember. >> next up. you're on the air. >> what were her favorite hobbies? what did she like to do in her spare time? >> all right, thank you. sounds like we have another student watching us tonight. can you tell us about yourself? >> i'm 12 years old. >> doing wonderfully with 12-year-olds tonight. thank you for calling. >> i love history and watching channels and learning new things every time i turn on the tv. so i saw this channel and i decided to ask a question because i love history. >> i'm from chicago. >> how perfect to be 12 just the same age as jackie bouvier when she went to the white house? >> you asked about her hobbies. >> they put her in a saddle. she loved being in equestrian competitions. her mother was a rider. she loved all things canine as well. you see her with dogs. she liked to show dogs in competition. lots of dogs around them oftentimes even in the white house though the president was allergic to cats, dogs, and horses. so and she loved the solitude of reading, writing, and poetry and art. she started younger than you doing those hobbies. >> introduction to john kennedy. what was mrs. kennedy's relationship with president kennedy's siblings and siblings in law? how did she get along with the rest of the kennedy family? >> at first, she found it hard. i'm particularly glad to have a japanese question here given the fact that caroline kennedy is about to go to tokyo for president obama's ambassador to japan. she was an introvert. she liked to read. extrovert. the kennedys are gregarious and extroverted. took her a while to get used to that. >> her sister-in-laws didn't like the debutante way of speaking. they were out playing touch football and she'd prefer to read a book. >> this is talking about the life as a young wife of a senator. >> it might be like being a doctor's wife. a senator must be on call all the time. you don't know when he's on call. >> i suppose it is like being married to a doctor. they have such late hours, go away at a moment's notice. >> you are alone a good deal of the time then? >> yes. >> are you active in committees? or is your job big enough taking care of jack? >> that's it. >> yeah, now jack -- >> you're extremely brighter in this shot. >> you do it for him? clumsy. does he tell you what's going on his trips when he comes back. >> at breakfast, he reads about seven papers and runs out the door. he is describing something to you. he's not reading the paper there. >> you talk to her sometimes. >> i do, i do. all the time. >> and enjoy it, i'm sure. >> what should we take away from this and how she's describing the early days of her marriage? >> so fascinating, it's april of 1957, november of 1957, they had the first child, caroline. i guarantee you if they did that scene a year later, they would not be posing with a dog. >> was the relationship easy from the beginning or tough to get adjusted to many travels being on the road campaigning? >> it was very tough. we mentioned the medical problems that she had with the child bearing that he had with his back and other ailments. but he was gone so often. they also didn't have their own home. they tried hickory hill, which famously then became the robert f. kennedy homestead with his wife, ethel and 11 children living there. but jackie and jack had bought that. they thought to start their family. when she began to have the miscarriages and stillborn children, it was too painful. so they moved back into town. >> one of the small facts i realized is that she brought to hickory hill, which is across the river to mclean, virginia. >> it was there. it had been owned by general mcclellan at the civil war. >> the mansion had been there. >> jack and jackie sold it to bobby when they realized they would not be able to fill it with children. she spent all her time in 1955 and 1956 decorating it only to lose the children and the nursery and special shelves for jack so he would haven't to bend over or reach too high. it became a sad symbol. she was so isolated there. if they were in georgetown when they first rented a home and were first married, she could go back and forth to capitol hill and take him lunch. she was so completely isolated there they left. >> a facebook viewer wants to know if there were any known medical condition for all of her problem pregnancies. >> smoking could have been. she was a chain smoker. several packs a day. if that didn't lead to the problems of the actual pregnancies themselves, the lung conditions that john jr. and patrick who succumbed to it. and possibly the presidents, some of his medical conditions, perhaps even stds could have led to the problems with pregnancy. >> did jackie share john's drive to be president or was she comfortable as a senator's wife? >> she was comfortable as a senator's wife and was threatened by the notion of being first lady. i talked to fdr jr., a friend to both of them. he said that jackie essentially panicked after jack won the presidency in 1960. she didn't expect it. she was terrified by the adverse effect on their marriage and family life for them to be president and for her to be first lady. and he said to fdr jr., please talk to jackie and convince her it's not going to be bad. >> we have less than 20 minutes left. a long post white house life to cover. i want to go back to the 1964 video clip, film clip in those days. this is a message though the nation about all of the condolences messages that came to the white house. let's watch. [video clip] >> i wanted to take the opportunity to express my appreciation to the hundreds of thousands of messages, nearly 800,000 or more, which my children and i received over the past few weeks. the knowledge of the affection in which my husband was held by all of you has sustained me and the warmth of these tributes are something i will never forget. whenever i can bear to i read them. all his bright light gone from the world, all of you who have written to me know how much we all loved him and he retained that love in full measure. it is my greatest wish that all of these letters be acknowledged. they will be, but it will take a long time to do so. but i know you will understand. each and every message is to be treasured. not only for my children, but so future generations will know how much our country and people in other nations thought of him. your letters will be placed with his papers in the library to be erected in his memory along the charles river in boston, massachusetts. >> she talked about the establishment of the library. can you talk about what she did to preserve and enhance the legacy of john kennedy's presidency? >> it did start with the library. jfk looked at what was going to be the site of his presidential library on the boston side of the charles across the river from most of harvard. she started to raise money for it and she began to think about who should be the architect. most people would have found an established architect like edward dorrel stone who did the kennedy center here in washington, known for doing government buildings and in my view surpassing ugliness and massiveness. she employed one that was little known because she was thought he was much more in the spirit of j.f.k. who was young and was not well known himself. >> she also -- speaking of architect. she and the president had been friends with john carl weirneke. he had helped her with the saving of lafayette square and putting in low rise brick buildings that blended in. he designed the grave site. she worked hard with him on that as well. >> two years ago, they looked for a piece of paper. she had not left a piece of paper saying it should be closed for 100 years which some people thought, but she did tend to err on the side of these things should be closed for a longer time rather than a shorter time. from my experience, political leaders and their families tend to overdo it and keeping things closed. think that things will be sensitive and damaging sometimes to be opened earlier than they will turn out to be. lbj would be horrified that his tapes were open given some of language and would be shocked to find that many of the conversations that he thinks would have shown him as an uncouth back woodsman is what makes him cool. >> they've worked on the papers, receiving grants and donations to process them. they have released and they did for the 1962 to 2012 anniversary of the white house tour, they have begun to release mrs. kennedy's papers as they relate to the restoration. since i had to write that book without that available, arthur schlesinger's papers are a wonderful cache of mrs. kennedy's papers. he was a historian. >> the office was the first- called first ladies. >> in the east wing. >> dan watching, dan, what's your question. >> one comment and a quick question. the comment didn't understand how important the zapruder film was shown it in high school. as a 40-year-old high school history teacher, students in high school associate this young president to being in their lives also as a young man. students did in that time. and it's been the image that he's such a young dynamic man. the videotape showed it at the library, what was the relationship with the nixons? either president nixon or pat nixon? and mrs. kennedy after she left the white house? thank you again for a great series. >> the relationship was better than one might think. jackie kennedy found it appalling she would have to return to the white house after 1963. she thought it would be much too painful. she told the secret service agents in washington drive in a way i will never have to see the white house. i'll start crying again, one exception. 1970-1971, her and j.f.k.'s portraits were painted by the artist. they were about to be displayed in the nixon white house. the nixons said why don't you come down and see them quietly. she felt she owed it to jfk to do that. she brought her children, it was a totally off of the record visit they had dinner and she wrote to president nixon afterwards, she said a moment that i always dreaded, meaning returning to the white house, turned out to be one of the most important days i've ever spent with my children. so she was grateful to nixon for that. in later years she wasn't happy with nixon, particularly in watergate. a number of things that nixon tried to damage the reputation of kennedy. >> in 1968, she saw robert kennedy assassinated. the two were close. >> they were. thank goodness she wasn't in los angeles. >> yeah. >> but to have to go through that yet again. yes, they had been close. >> how concerned was she about security for herself and her children after -- >> terribly concerned after that. she supposedly said if they're killing kennedys, my children could be next. financial and physical security became so important to her. that was probably part of the attraction to mr. onassis. >> four months after rfk's death, she married. >> what happened to the public's perception? >> she was pulled off of the pedestal. people were outraged. many were outraged she would marry anyone at all rather than be an eternal widow, but particularly to marry someone who was this much older, not an american, and who was under some suspicion by the united states government, some of the financial activities. >> do we know that it was a happy relationship? >> i think of something her sister said not too many years ago about someone saying how could she have been attracted to such a man after being married to jack kennedy. her sister said, by the way, who had also had a romance with him prior to her sisters. >> meaning onassis? >> yes, not her brother-in-law. and she said he was quite charismatic. she said the way he moved and the way he looked and he may not have been a typical gq representation of a beautiful attractive man, but she was. jackie liked all things greek, she liked greek mythology and poetry. she found great comfort in the tragic poets of greece that she introduced brother-in-law robert to. so we can't say she wasn't attracted to him at all. but certainly the money and the physical security. he had his own island, scorpios. >> how long did it last? >> from '68 when he died in 1975. they were somewhat estranged. >> she would say that the marriage was quite good until january of '73 when aristotle onassis's son died in an accident and he blamed her. >> did she come back to new york city? >> she did. something many people did not expect. she decided to go to work and get a real job. she became an editor and then at double day. this was not someone who was just there for show business and acquiring bookings. she actually edited with great intensity. her authors were hugely loyal to her. so the last years of her life, she was happier than she'd often been in life. she had a relationship with a fine man, maurice, who i think this was a relationship with equals. this is different from her second marriage and perhaps her first. >> how close did she remain with her two children at this time? >> always very close with them. always so proud of them. edward's eulogy, she said when she spoke of them, her face would light up. >> her husband meeting, close to the prime minister, harold mcmillen. when she was in her deepest grief, she wrote mcmillen and said if i raise my children well, that will be my vengeance against the world. she felt she had achieved that vengeance. >> rose kennedy lived a very, very long life. bo hamlin wants to know how did jackie get along with rose kennedy. >> i'm going the take that. >> this is the question. >> it is. i just published a biography of rose kennedy. >> fine one, too. >> this past summer. they got along to begin with. she wrote to her mother-in-law and said dear mrs. kennedy, thank you so much for all of your good advice. rose kennedy liked to mete out plenty of advice. one of her favorite pieces she said stand at an angle when one is having a photograph taken because it makes one look slimmer. jackie said thank you, mrs. kennedy, for teaching me that lesson. she wrote kindly to her. after the assassination, there were issues of whether jackie would come back for the opening and the dedication for the kennedy center. she finally decided she couldn't. she couldn't face that. she couldn't face being that she said the widow kennedy for the rest of her life. she wanted to be with her children. it was just too painful. rose filled in with her. but you can see there was a little bit of tension but rose really appreciated that she would be invited often to be with mrs. kennedy and john and caroline. >> she got along with mr. onassis. >> and when people were giving her trouble for marrying mr. onassis, rose stuck up for her and said jack would have wanted her to be happy. >> you describe her as being homeless after the death of president kennedy and wanted to know why the family didn't bring her more support, bring her to the fold, give her a place to live. >> she had money. she had $150,000 from the trusts coming her way. bobby pitched in $50,000. >> this is mid '60s. >> times that times ten for today's dollars. by her standards, perhaps it wasn't enough. in terms of the physical place to live, she said in the famous interview with theodore white, the camelot interview the week after the assassination said she wanted to live with my children in the places i lived with jack. georgetown and on the cape. she could have gone to the cape. she went to georgetown. avril larriman loaned his home and she bought a home across the street. it was inundated with tourist buses, tourists, photographers, peeping into her windows and coming up on the porch. she couldn't bear it. after a relative few months, she took off for new york and spent the rest of her time there. >> did mrs. kennedy have to testify for the warren commission? >> she did. she did. june of 1964, earl warren and one or two others came to her parlor in georgetown and asked her about the motorcade. it was brief, i think it was less than a half an hour, but she did have to testify. that's on the record. some of her physical description of wounding and kept for sometime because it was too graphic. >> other questions, did she talk about what her own theories were? the theories continue to this day about the lone assassin, lee harvey oswald or a larger conspiracy? has she espoused an opinion? >> no, again, she kept her counsel in all things. >> dawn from colorado springs. >> hi. very, very grateful for your show. "the kennedys" were very inspiring to me. but my question is how important was jackie's catholic faith to her. >> both kennedys were catholics? how important was it? >> i think she would -- barbara will -- i'll just begin on this. she certainly considered herself catholic throughout her life. she had trouble when she remarried a divorced man outside of the faith, but although was supported in doing that to some extent by the family cardinal. i think one of the toughest things i find, in understanding public figures, two things, do you ever get to the real truth of someone's marriage if they're married? number two, do you get to the well -- to the bottom of what their religion feeling was? sometimes presidents and first ladies exaggerate that. sometimes there's more than that on the surface. >> michael pointed out through the oral history that she was having her doubts about her faith in those months at the -- >> she said i believe at this moment that god is an unjust god. >> exactly. >> she talks about her husband, jack, praying at night. maybe a superstition. >> she said he did it in case there was a god. >> but she also apparently spoke to a father confessor at georgetown university and mentioned she was having suicidal feelings about the assassination but decided that would not be the way to go. >> and with children? >> and with children. >> so we're going to close with jaclyn kennedy's years one last time. >> once in the white house, i felt i could get out. i can't tell you how oppressive with the strain of the white house can be. i could go out -- jack would see it was getting me down. he would send me away. he would say why don't you go to new york, go see your sister in italy, then he sent me to greece which was for a sad reason this year. but he thought i was getting depressed after losing patrick. he would say, i can go out, i can go to the restaurant in new york and walk down a street and look at an antique shot or go to a nightclub. i used to think -- inused to worry about going into the white house. but then you find out that it was really the happiest time in my life. but then you find out that it was really the happiest time in my life. >> i used to worry but then i find out they were the happiest years of my life. >> i think that was january. i think here's a case she had a bigger impact as first lady in
those popular backyard inflatables today. wednesday, may 14th, 2014. >> from nbc news, this is "today," with matt lauer and savannah guthrie, live from studio 1-a in rockefeller plaza. >> and good morning. welcome to "today" 7:00 on the west coast. we have a lot to talk about. later this morning, we will take you to the memorial museum which is opening tomorrow, the site of the 9/11 museum. it's going to be an incredibly emotional experience for a lot of people there, who will see some of the artifacts that are housed in that museum for the very first time. >> we look forward to a sneak peek on that. we have the top story. residents in san diego are returning home overnight after evacuation calls are going out to thousands of homeowners. we have nbc's joe fryer on the scene there. what is the latest? >> reporter: good morning, savannah. we learned the fire is 25% contained after burning 1,600 acres. all of the evacuation orders have been listed. the fire danger is high in southern california. smoke and flame snaked in and around southern california close to several homes, including high-end estates. >> it is unusual in may to have wind-driven fires. >> reporter: fuelled by santa ana winds, the fire burned 1,600 acres forcing the evacuation of homes and schools. >> when mother nature gets nasty like this, it is not unlike a hurricane. >> reporter: while a small percentage of the burn area is contained, crews made progress with no buildings or lives lost. >> the major threat, or the major runs have been slowed down now and we're making sure we're mopping up the fire to make sure the fire does not continue. >> reporter: crews are bracing for another hot day with the potential for more fires and hot spots, and they know this could just be the beginning of a very long, dangerous fire season thanks to the drought. al? >> yeah, joe. thank you so much. you see the trees moving behind him. there will be more problems with the winds today and temperatures. the jet stream is up to the north as it has been for the past year. no storms coming in and not a lot of moisture. look at the temperatures. santa barbara, 89. santa maria, 94. l.a., today, the century mark. same for santa ana. add to the bone dry temperatures and big area of high pressure, the winds swing around from the east and that's really dry air. wind gusts to 50 miles per hour. wind gusts of 40 miles to 50 miles per hour. you will see elevated risks of fire today from l.a. to san diego and phoenix on into tucson with the low relative humidity. the temperatures will last into tomorrow. fire danger will remain high today and tomorrow. >> thanks, very much. we want to turn to a tragic situation unfolding now in turkey. a desperate search for survivors of the massive explosion and fire at a coal mining site. nbc's chief foreign correspondent richard engel is in istanbul. good morning. >> reporter: good morning, matt. turkey has a terrible record of mine safety. still, as officials count the bodies, and we don't know exactly how many have survived, officials say this is very likely the worst mining accident ever in turkish history. the government has declared three days of national mourning. a massive rescue operation is under way this morning at a coal mine in soma, turkey. about 150 miles south of istanbul. after an explosion triggered a fire which trapped hundreds of workers more than a mile underground. officials say the explosion may have been caused by a faulty electrical transformer. the blast happened during a shift change, so there is some uncertainty over the exact number of workers still inside. crowds gathered outside the mine while rescue teams pumped oxygen inside. those lucky enough to get out alive had inhaled smoke and coal dust. the turkish prime minister said that some of the miners had been pulled out. as for others, he said, the rescue continues. for families and friends at the local hospital, fear and frustration grow as they wait for answers. my elder brother is inside the hospital, said this man. he was working from 8:00 until 4:00, but we didn't hear from him. now we are waiting. this mine is very deep and it is still on fire, which means the shafts have filled with toxic fumes, so the chances of many more people coming out alive are slim. matt. >> richard engel, thank you very much. here at home, we are dealing with the mers outbreak in the united states. we have dr. nancy snyderman with more. nancy, good morning. >> savannah, good morning. there are over 20 people in orlando, florida, tested for mers because they have now been exposed to the second confirmed case. two are physicians. while experts say that the risk to the general public is still very low, experts are not taking any chances, and health officials want people to know that globally, everyone is on alert. the tsa is putting travelers on high alert this morning. signs like these going up at more than 20 airports across the country after a second case of middle east respiratory syndrome, or mers, has been confirmed in the united states. >> all we need are a couple of these people who transmit to a large number of people to end up in new york, toronto, hong kong, or tokyo and i guarantee you the world will have a very different view of what's happening right now in the middle east. >> reporter: now, 20 health care workers at two orlando hospitals are being tested for possible exposure, after the second confirmed case of mers in the u.s. was admitted to the hospital last week. >> all these team members were notified. they have been asked to stay off work for 14 days. >> reporter: the confirmed case in florida comes on the heels of a case in indiana, where a patient was released last week after spending 12 days in the hospital. health officials on the front lines of previous global outbreaks like bird flu, swine flu, and sars are concerned. >> it also is very similar to a lot of early onset illnesses from other respiratory pathogens. so very well might think of it as influenza. >> reporter: mers started in the middle east in 2012 and jumped from bats to camels, and now to humans. there are 538 confirmed cases of mers worldwide with 145 deaths, most in the arabian peninsula. there is no specific treatment or vaccination for mers, and with dubai emerging as one of the world's busiest airports, containing this virus may no longer be possible. >> the cdc has said that the overall threat to the general public is very low, and yet they're taking this very seriously. >> so far, everyone who's been confirmed with this has been a health care worker, so they've come into direct contact with someone who's been infected. but because dubai is now the largest airport in the world, because many of these viruses may just be a plane ride away, and because we may have underdiagnosed a lot of these cases, in this country and around the world, yesterday the tsa put up those notices. if you are traveling to the middle east, be aware of these symptoms. if you're coming from the middle east and you have respiratory symptoms, report them to your physician. >> all right, nancy, thank you very much. meantime, nba hall of famer magic johnson is now responding to those controversial comments from los angeles clippers owner donald sterling about johnson's battle with hiv. willie geist has more on that. hey, willie, good morning. >> savannah, good morning to you. it was another busy night for that clippers organization. the team lost a pivotal playoff game on a controversial call in the final seconds. but yet again, the biggest drama seemed to come off the court thanks to that tv appearance by magic johnson. magic johnson found himself playing defense once again in an interview with cnn. >> he's a man who's upset, and he's reaching. he's reaching. he's trying to find something that he can grab on to to help him save his team. and it's not going to happen. >> johnson was responding to donald sterling's latest controversial comments made earlier this week. >> can you tell me, big magic johnson, what has he done? >> well, he's a businessperson. >> he's got aids. did he do any business? did he help anybody in south l.a.? >> the basketball legend actually has hiv, the virus that causes aids. his foundation has raised millions for hiv/aids programs, and through the years, his companies have invested more than $1 billion in the development of urban communities. >> it's disturbing. it's sad. he didn't do his homework. >> it was magic's instagram pose with v. stiviano that led to sterling's now infamous rant. >> why are you taking pictures with minorities? why? >> now "the daily mail" has posted a new recording of a phone conversation which nbc news has been unable to verify of sterling allegedly speaking out again, this time claiming stiviano is the real racist. >> she says, god made me black, i didn't want to be black. >> sterling declined to comment on the new tape, but stiviano's attorney denied the allegations. >> every day something else comes up, some recording, and, you know, if it was me, i would stop talking to people. >> magic johnson couldn't agree more. >> you're 80 years old. you've had a tremendous life. just go ahead and enjoy the rest of your life. >> of course, it remains to be seen if sterling will follow magic's advice on that. meanwhile, the nba committee deciding whether or not to remove sterling as the owner of the clippers will meet next week. magic said donald sterling was one of the first people he met when he came to los angeles, considered him a friend, and he's obviously hurt and disappointed by that. he's ready to move on. >> thank you very much. another big headline, could the u.s. be doing more to help those girls in nigeria? natalie's got more on that. >> some u.s. lawmakers are saying they're calling for more involvement this morning in the search for the nearly 300 kidnapped girls in nigeria. nbc's bill neely is in nigeria with the very latest on what the u.s. is doing to help. bill, good morning. >> reporter: good morning, natalie. it is exactly one month since the schoolgirls were kidnapped here in nigeria, and the u.s. effort to try to find them is intensifying. an unmanned u.s. drone is now scouring the dense forest in the north of the country for the girls and it joins the two pilots and two spotters of another surveillance plane that's been looking for several days using radar, infrared, and other equipment to both see at night and listen in on phone and satellite communications. u.s. officials believe the girls may be now in three groups. the parents watched a video said to show one of the groups yesterday, and identified 77 of the missing girls. that was said to be a very emotional viewing. the nigerian government, meanwhile, says it's preparing to talk to the kidnappers. it's not ruling out any option including a prisoner swap, militant prisoners for the girls. it has done that in the past. so the search both for the girls and for a deal here is gathering pace. natalie. >> bill neely in nigeria. thank you, bill. america's crumbling infrastructure is back in the spotlight. president obama will deliver remarks today from the aging tappan zee bridge here in new york. president obama has been calling on congress to pass the bill to improve the nation's roads and bridges. the deadline is nearing a funding gap for infrastructure projects around the country. an unceremonious welcome. passengers were getting off a southwest airlines flight when the jetway to the terminal dropped about eight feet. fortunately no one was injured. the remaining passengers used stairways to get off that plane. an airport spokesperson says mechanical failure is to blame. more trouble this morning for pop star justin bieber. a southern california woman claims bieber took her cell phone during an altercation monday night. witnesses say bieber and his entourage had gotten into an argument with a group of people at an amusement park. bieber apparently thought the woman had taken photos of him. so they say he grabbed the phone from her. eventually he did give it back. police are now investigating. no arrests were made. and the new gold standard in basketball trick shots has now been set. take a look. it comes to us from the lords of gravity stunt group. take a look. the acrobat gets a running start there, goes off the trampoline, steps on the ramp, does that flip off the backboard and makes the dunk, as you see. if you were in a dunk contest, that would definitely be a ten. though trampolines, i guess, general rily frowned upon. >> that was the first time i have seen that. they had to unfold the mat for him to jump. >> natalie, thank you very much. mr. roker. let's show you what we have around the rest of the country today. i just love cherry preserves. is that your favorite? i don't know... i also like strawberry, boysenberry, red raspberry, blackberry, sweet orange marmalade, apple, pineapple, concord grape, apricot, 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[ male announcer ] for five generations, with a name like smucker's, it has to be good. . 7:15 these are your current temperatures and we have bypassed the coolest point in the day. we are on our way to 97 degrees here in the south bay. 88 degrees. meanwhile we see temperatures in the triple digits. make sure you are drinking lots of water. hope you can stay cool. now to a frightening accident in upstate new york. three children hurt, two of three seriously, when the bounce house they were playing in was swept off the ground during a fierce wind storm. nbc's tom llamas has the latest on that. >> take a look at this photo. that's not where you want to see a bounce house. some of the children dropped from as high as 20 feet in the air as helpless parents looked on. amid the chaos, one witness managed to snap a few photos. a bounce house goes airborne, picked up by the wind and carried away like a hot air balloon. >> first thing i thought is that that was my sister falling through the sky, because all i saw was arms and legs going. >> reporter: taylor seymour's 10-year-old sister suffered only some cuts and bruises. two boys, ages 5 and 6, weren't as lucky. police say they were carried away with the bounce house. >> it whipped like this, and then it dropped off the first little kid in the middle of the road and it came the other way, passed over my apartment and dropped the second one, he hit his head on the back of the car and fell to the ground. >> reporter: the boys were seriously injured and had to be air lifted to a hospital. witnesses say one injured his head. the other had broken bones. police say the children were being supervised and the bounce house was staked to the ground. >> we watched the fellow that put it up and he staked it and he did everything correctly, all the kids were having fun until they screamed to me to come down and i saw that. >> oh, my god. >> reporter: strong gusts have been blamed for serious accidents in the past, including this one caught on cell phone video in 2011. three bounce houses tossed by the wind at a soccer tournament on new york's long island. 13 people were hurt. >> kids were being knocked over and there were just kids lying everywhere. >> reporter: a study in 2012 warned of the potential dangers of bounce houses. researchers in the journal pediatrics said more than 30 children are taken to e.r.s each day in this country with an injury associated with an inflatable bouncer. this morning, two more children hospitalized after a terrifying ride. now, at the time of that report, the association which represents the inflatable bouncer industry says its products are safe if parents follow the instructions and supervise children at all times. now, guys, as far as monday's accident goes, police are not going to charge anybody. they just said it was a tragic accident. >> can we just go back to this photo for a second? i think there might be some confusion. when you see that picture there, of that bounce house so high in the air, the kids were not in it at that moment. >> they were not in it at that point. the highest they got was 20 feet, which is two stories, very high. not as high as that. >> after they fell out, it became lighter and it went up even higher. >> thank you. do you have the right to be forgotten online? tamron is here with a key ruling that people are debating. >> a huge ruling out of europe, but it could absolutely have ramifications here in the states. here is the scoop. how often do you guys google yourself? >> never. >> every day. >> i try not to. >> stand to that rule, by the way. others of us go on occasionally to see what the world is saying about us. or if you're applying for a new job, you may go on and google yourself and find out if an employer has put something out. the highest court in europe is now saying that we, the people, if you live in europe, you have a right to what others can see on search engines like google. according to the court, your privacy is more important than public information. they're saying this is on a case by case basis, and the ruling right now only stands in europe. it is unclear whether or not information would be erased worldwide. nevertheless, this got us to thinking, what happens when you google, for example, mr. roker? a lot of lovely images. al, if you could erase history, you'd take the superman out? >> no. >> he loves superman. >> i thought so, too. the ill-informed orange room told me that. >> i just want to take the one picture posted on bootycall.com. i'd take that off. >> yes, yes. >> if you're posted on booty.com or whatever, you may want to take that down. so we wonder if you all agree with the decision. should you be able to delete online search results that contain personal information? this ruling right now only in europe, but as you well know, this could mean big changes perhaps here in the near future, guys. so let us know at today.com. >> going to get a lot of responses. tamron, thank you very much. coming up, a major development to tell you about at the oscar pistorius trial this morning. the judge ordering pistorius to undergo psychiatric tests. how will that impact the case? plus, our exclusive tour of the national september 11th memo coming up, why the royal family in monaco is furious over the new grace kelly movi ♪ 'cause in a sky, ♪'cause in a sky full of stars, ♪ i think i saw you. ♪ ♪ it's such a heavenly view. there's only one place to get more coldplay. double agents? 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i'll have some more! that's a double dip! you... double dipped... new pringles tortillas. you dip 'em or don't. pringles! a very good wednesday morning to you. 7:26 the fate of pop clubs in the south bay is lingering in the air this morning. san jose city council is posed to shut down some of them next week. numero numerous club own rz want to cut the number of pot clubs in the city from more than 100 to just 20. this morning we are learning why mysterious cameras were placed around palo alto this weekend. city plans to use it's findings to improve street conditions. some residents were bothered that the city didn't tell them about the plan. the city says the videos will be destroyed once the project is finished. >> we have a hot day shaping up. mostly clear sky. all across the board the coast hazy out there.ar. the temperatures are starting out in the 60s. it is going to be hot out there and strong high pressure for today. 88 degrees in san francisco. 98 for the east bay. 97 in the south bay and temperatures are going to stay warm. we'll get significant heat relief by the weekend. for today, 105 degrees out in gillroy mike that is a hot day ahead. >> i'm tracking traffic we have your slower spots. look at the map. highway 4 westbound getting away from the area. folks cannot take this cut through still closed after the overnight fire. the latest estimate we are hearing a rumor about. avoid the area until we give you the clear. everywhere getting the typical slowing. northbound 87 and 85 early crash 101 folks are avoiding it. back to you. >> it is actually clear. what a thing. update in half an hour see you then. if you're so tough, crack this thick slice of medium cheddar with your bare hand. i didn't say tough, i said hungry. if you're so hungry, eat this thick slice of medium cheddar with your bare mouth. tillamook cheese slices, tastes better because it's made better. 7:30 now on this wednesday morn 7:30 now on this wednesday morning, may 14th, 2014. and that is a pretty shot, a beautiful afternoon in cannes, where the famed film festival gets under way today. there's a little bit of a firestorm over a movie that's going to open the event tonight. it's based on the life of grace kelly. and apparently the royal family of monaco is none too pleased with the portrayal. more on that story coming up. >> that assignment of that film festival -- we've all been there. that is a great place. >> not all of us. >> i thought you'd been. >> me neither. >> i've been there a lot. >> rub it in a little. >> we want to switch gears, take a look at some of the stories making headlines. crews are desperately trying to reach hundreds of miners who were trapped underground after an explosion and a fire in a coal mine in turkey. nearly 800 workers were inside at the time. the death toll has already topped more than 200. in this country, an evacuation order was lifted overnight for residents in san diego living on the edges of a wind-fueled wildfire. the fire chief police says crews do have a good hand handle on the situation, but the winds could pick back up again today. a robotic submarine is once again being used in the search for the malaysia air flight 370. the ship that was carrying it had returned to port briefly to be resupplied. coming up ahead, its official opening. former new york city mayor michael bloomberg takes us on an exclusive tour of the national september 11th memorial museum. what he hopes visitors will take away from going there. >> we'll look forward to that. let's begin this half-hour with a big ruling this morning at the murder trial of oscar pistorius. the judge has ordered pistorius to undergo psychiatric testing. "today" national investigative correspondent jeff rossen is at the courthouse with the latest on this. jeff, good morning. >> reporter: hey, savannah, good morning to you. this is a major development in the case. perhaps the biggest one yet. the judge ruling this morning that oscar pistorius must report for a complete, a full psychological evaluation that could last a full month. does his mental state explain why he shot his girlfriend reeva steenkamp? the pistorius defense team, they fought hard against this mental testing, and they lost. oscar pistorius stood up in court today, clenching his jaw as the judge read her ruling. >> i am satisfied that a case has been made out. >> reporter: pistorius's defense team looking defeated and deflated. he must now undergo a complete mental evaluation by a panel of experts in a state-run hospital for 30 days. >> mental illness and mental defect are morbid disorders that are not capable of being diagnosed by a lay court without the guidance of expert psychiatric evidence. >> reporter: at issue, does he really have g.a.d., general anxiety disorder, and was it a factor when pistorius shot and killed his model girlfriend reeva steenkamp. pistorius's own defense expert first brought it up, diagnosing him with it. >> it is my opinion, my lady, that mr. pistorius has an anxiety disorder. >> reporter: but the prosecutor insisted that independent experts evaluate him to be sure. today, the judge agreed. oscar, do you have any comment on what just happened in court? do you have anything to say to what the judge's ruling was? oscar pistorius wouldn't say a word outside of court, but his uncle arnold pistorius did. >> as a family, we are comforted by the thoroughness and detail of this judgment. and the judge's commitment using every avenue to ensure a fair trial. >> reporter: how big is this? how big are the implications here? >> jeff, it's massive. this could have a very big influence on the outcome of the trial. if oscar is assessed and found that he lacked the criminal capacity when he acted on that evening, then he could very well be acquitted of these charges and found not guilty. >> reporter: so this could backfire on the prosecution and help pistorius. >> most certainly, yes. >> reporter: in court today, the judge made a point of saying this is not punishment for pistorius, and told the prosecutor when you're making plans to send him for evaluation, try to make it outpatient so he can still go home at night, sleep home at night. either way this trial is now seriously delayed by months perhaps. details about the evaluation, when it will happen, where it will happen, all the timeline will be announced next week, guys. >> all right, jeff rossen, thank you very much. let's get a check of the weather now from al. >> today's weather is brought to you by the new windows. one experience for everything in your life. >> so on the west coast, we're talking about not enough rain. here on the east coast, we're going to be talking about too much rain. already we're starting to see heavy showers and thunderstorms firing up for today. in fact, we've got those showers from texas all the way to upstate new york and new england. and then we've got an area of severe weather from jackson all the way to pittsburgh. few tornados in the ohio river valley possible with this thing. and in fact, we put into motion the atmospheric moisture. you can see the areas of red. that's the heaviest moisture that's going to be funneled in right along the east coast until friday morning. and so rainfall amounts -- florida, you could be looking at upwards of five inches of rain locally. detroit to columbus, up to an inch to two inches, and wet weather extending further to the east as well. that's what's going on around 7:35 happy wednesday to you. i'm meteorologist christina loren. clear, mild conditions up the coast. hazy sunshine for now. we have a hot day ahead. heat advisory in place. with the exclusion of the coast line. we are at 67 right now. on our way to 88 degrees. 63 now in the south bay we will hit 97 by tomorrow. significant cooling at the coast. >> all right, al, thanks very much. nearly 13 years after the attacks, the september 11th memorial museum is set to open to the public a week from today. but starting tomorrow, family members and others who are part of the 9/11 community will have the chance to visit. as chairman of the memorial museum, former mayor michael bloomberg spent eight years spearheading the project, and he gave us a tour. >> need every available ambulance, everything you got to the world trade center now. >> we're having a little problem on the plane. >> in the subterranean footprint where the twin towers once stood, there's now a memorial museum dedicated to honoring the world touched by the tragic events of 9/11. the story is told through an unprecedented collection of over 20,000 stills, 500 hours of footage, and thousands of artifacts and interviews. i'm walking along what was the foundation of the south tower of the world trade center. this is where those massive tridents were anchored into the ground. you've got to stand where i'm standing to get a sense for the scale of this space, the size of these buildings, and the scope of the tragedy. >> 3,000 people died on this very spot. >> on this site. how do you attract people to come to this place and learn the lessons when it's an event they'd rather forget? >> i don't know that it will ever get out of their conscience, at least not of our generation. and our job is to make sure it doesn't get out of the consciousness of future generations. >> we want to go live and show you a picture of the world trade center. >> this is the moment that we were given the news in the studio that the first plane had hit the south tower. where were you at that moment? >> it was primary day. i voted on 82nd street. i was sitting at my desk, there was nothing to do, it was election day, stopped campaigning. somebody said oh, on the television a small plane hit one of the twin towers. i said that's not a small plane. >> was it the instant that the second plane hit the north tower that you knew life in this country would never be the same? >> well, you certainly knew that we were being attacked. and i don't know if that was your first emotion. my first emotion was my god, how many people are going to die? >> a lot of this exhibit is dedicated to the first responders. engine company 21 is on east 40th street. here's one of their engines that responded after the first plane hit the south tower. >> when i saw this, all i thought about was what happened to the men on the truck or the engine? you and i, our natural inclination is to run away from danger. these are guys that would have kept going up the stairs, even if direct orders were turn around and get out, because that's what they do. >> i can hear you! the rest of the world hears you! >> this was the bullhorn that the president of the united states used to rally people. >> standing on the rubble. >> standing on the rubble. i think people walked away in the next few days with a sense of confidence, and he deserves credit for that. >> this is fascinating to me. this manual. a flight attendant's manual. procedures for an emergency. aggression. keep aggressors off the airplane. don't be aggressive. >> in those days, a hijacking was to use the plane and passengers and crew as a bargaining chip. nobody ever thought somebody would do something like this. it just was inconceivable. >> there are so many moments here in this museum where you see that time basically stopped in its tracks. this is a clothing store close to ground zero, and it's frozen in time. >> covered with the real dust of tragedy. and i think the reason it's here is to remind us that this was a place where people worked, people shopped, people enjoyed themselves. and in fact, we have a responsibility to recreate a lot of that as well. >> i talked about the artifacts, i talked about the emotions that anybody is going to feel when they come here. what do you want them to walk out the door thinking? >> we can't let this happen again, but they didn't win. we came out of this stronger, more determined than ever to make sure that our citizens are going to be able to enjoy what we think god meant them to enjoy. >> it's a moving experience. thanks for the tour. i want you to know that we saw only small portions. we went through the whole museum but we shot only small portions there. are places in that museum where you just won't believe the massive scale of the actual site. i mean, there are part where is you walk in and you see huge beams from the world trade center, in buildings that are 80, 100 -- i mean, rooms that are 80, 100 feet high. it's a spectacular and very moving place. >> and an amazing feat of preservation. so important to remember. >> goosebumps. >> it's unbelievable. coming up, we're going to change tune. the newly discovered letters from jackie kennedy that are revealing her thoughts on her marriage to jfk and also on his assassination. next, the controversial movie on the life of grace kelly opening at cannes today. why kelly's own daughter wants you to boycott that film. we'll have the story right after this. ly off for me. i've got a lot to do. that's why i got my surface. it's great for watching game film and drawing up plays. it's got onenote, so i can stay on top of my to-do list, which has been absolutely absurd since the big game. with skype, it's just really easy to stay in touch with the kids i work with. alright, russell you are good to go! alright, fellas. alright, russ. back to work! how much money do you think you'll need when you retire? 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[ male announcer ] sun ripened strawberries... fresh local milk... real cream... and no artificial flavors. now you know why nothing else tastes like philadelphia® strawberry. rich, creamy, and delicious. ♪ now with even more sweet strawberries. only philadelphia®. we are back at 7:45. the 67th ann yule cannes film festival kicks off today. there's some controversy surrounding this year's opening film. keir sim mmons is in cannes wit the story. >> reporter: hi, savannah, good morning. the movie is "grace of monaco." grace kelly's family deeply unhappy with it, and her daughter princess stephanie is calling on photographers to boycott the movie. >> some of you ask, why did i leave hollywood? well, i left because -- because i fell in love with a charming prince. >> reporter: it's a dream role. nicole kidman plays the real life american princess, but the movie is now engulfed in controversy, and furor from monaco's royal family. princess grace's children, prince albert and princess stephanie, issued a blunt statement saying it's inaccurate. the princely family does not in any way wish to be associated with this film, which reflects no reality. >> you have a very strong grip. >> reporter: grace kelly was a hollywood goddess, starring with cary grant in "to catch a thief," set on the french riviera. when grace kelly shot that famous scene, she had no idea that this beautiful part of the world was about to change her life. it's where she met her prince and became princess of monaco. >> you're here in europe to buy a husband. >> the man i want doesn't have a price. >> reporter: but in this latest portrayal, her marriage is more rocky than royal. >> she was an american actress. she could do whatever she wanted to. she came here and her world was tiny. she lived in a guilded cage. >> reporter: even the movie's producers are said to be fighting over the impression it leaves. in 1982, grace kelly was killed. she was driving down this road on her final day. her car careened off this bend, a tragedy, leaving behind new questions. was she simply the beautiful hollywood star and princess, or was there a darker side to her life? i guess another question is whether or not grace kelly's family should have the right to determine how she is viewed, but the arguments are getting so heated now. the film's producer harvey weinstein is reportedly saying he won't come to the opening, guys. >> interesting. keir, thank you very much. coming up on "trending," a surprise hit. this just might be the best mother-son wedding dance ever. we'll show it to you. and next, how to tell if you're 30, in honor of one young and next, how to tell if you're 30, in honor of one young mogul's mileston we know we're not the center of your life, but we'll do our best to help you connect to what is. which means you get it's stunlimited talk,eless - text and data for only $45 a month... ...no contract - no surprises. what about hidden fees? nope. what about funny business? no. bamboozling? what is "bamboozling"? it's like, uh, malarkey. nooo. good! come to "the world needs more straight talk event" at walmart. get america's largest and most dependable 4g lte networks for half the cost. and for a limited time, get a $25 gift card when you buy a samsung galaxy centura. straight talk wireless. only at walmart. 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[ male announcer ] ask your doctor about xarelto® today. for more information including savings options, download the xarelto® patient center app, call 1-888-xarelto, or visit teamxarelto.com. what's next, a pancake enchilada? it's a slippery slope, i tell you. it's a gateway breakfast! today they are eating waffle tacos, tomorrow they are loitering. and then they grow a ponytail. hey, isn't that your grandson over there? daniel! you better not grow a ponytail! [ male announcer ] the next generation of breakfast is here. introducing the waffle taco. eggs and sausage wrapped up in a waffle. [ alarm rings, bong ] good morning 7:56. breaking news in san francisco where police have served a search warrant at the hell's angels clubhouse. crime scene tape is up streets in the area are blocked off. we have a helicopter and a crew headed to the scene and we will bring you more information as it comes into our newsroom. >> the man who burned down our old kntv studio is in court. the fire burned most of the vey can building to the ground. the rest had to be torn down. >> good morning to you. it is going to be a hot one and we are already in the 70s in cities in the east bay. we are at 69 degrees shy of the south bay. you are at 67 degrees right now. that is the coolest temperature we have seen so far this morning. it is going to be a hot day. that going for gill roy and extreme spots. tomorrow a cool down headed our way. the end of the week and weekend we are talking about the return of the 70s and 80s. here is mike and your drive. >> typical pattern, heavier volume though. this wednesday. looking here. the road is closed. highway 4 west bound and 680, that is still seeing more traffic. folks have to avoid the area. people are not happy. you know about it still closed repairing the power poll in the area. down the east shore free bay and the south bay, scott back to you. n more news coming up in half an hour. >> smu it's 8:00 on "today." jackie kennedy in her own words. the newly discovered letters that shed light on her heart ache following the assassination of jfk. the images that touched hearts around the world. twin girls holding hands moments after their bittrth. we'll meet the tiny girls and their mom. and cher's world. we caught up with the pop icon inside her private tour bus. >> you have a huge announcement for your fans as well. >> one, two, three -- >> we'll have that exclusive announcement today, wednesday, may 14, 2014. ♪ >> from iceland! >> we love matt lauer. we're from texas! ♪ >> a house divided. >> go yankees. >> go mets! >> class of 2014! >> celebrating our 30th anniversary at the "today" show! ♪ it's american morning, everyone. welcome back to "today." it's a beautiful wednesday morning as we say hello to a cheering crowd out here on the plaza. >> they thought it was appropriate to take off personal information on a search you didn't like. >> look at the results. this is kind of lopsided. >> i'm not surprised. one of the youngsters in the orange room seemed to be surprised. the young ones think you should have a free internet and nothing should be censored. >> there are the young ones on the internet. >> wait until she gets a little older. >> a couple of humiliating things in the google search. >> you'll learn, young one. >> meantime, don't forget our summer concert series kicks off on friday with one of the biggest stars on the planet. mariah carey will be here and she'll put on a show you do not want to miss. >> that will be fun. if you're in the area, get down here early. a check of the morning's stop stories from natalie. >> good morning to you all once again. good morning, everyone. a desperate rescue effort is under way in turkey where a coal mine disaster has killed more than 200 miners and trapped hundreds of others. chief correspondent richard engel has the latest from istanbul. >> reporter: turkey has a terrible track record of mine safety. officials in this country say what has happened is likely the deadliest mine accident in turkey's history. the government declared three days of national mourning. the explosion in the mine happened yesterday. officials say it was likely caused by an electrical fire. once that fire began, the mine shaft, and this is a very deep mine, quickly filled with toxic fumes. we don't know exactly how many people were in the mine. one turkish official said more than 700 miners were inside at the time. it happened during a shift change, so some miners were coming out, others were coming in. because of this overlap, officials have not been able to tell family members exactly who's missing, who's dead, who may have been injured. so, there is a lot of frustration. what we think we know so far is that about 200 miners were killed. 250 survived. 80 were injured. the rest remain unaccounted for. richard engel, nbc news, istanbul. thousands of people forced from their homes by a wildfire near san diego were allowed to return overnight. the fire has burned at least 800 acres since it started tuesday, coming dangerously close to homes. fire officials say they've made good progress but they warn a wind-driven fire like this can quickly flare up again. another fire near san sta barbara. a young girl in tampa is being called a hero for coming through when her mom unexpectedly went into labor at home. with the help of a very calm 911 dispaper this home has a good evening. >> reporter: mom crystal, 8-year-old jasmine and joseph, j.j. for short, born monday morning, just a little early. >> tell her mommy's pregnant. >> my mom's pregnant. >> reporter: pregnant and giving birth right now. >> you have to be ready for anything. >> reporter: tampa 911 dispatcher, emily hall, a 22-year veteran, hadn't had her coffee yet. her first call of the day. >> i'm getting help on the way for you right now. stay on the line. >> oh, my god. >> i was a little freaked out. >> reporter: jasmine had never even called 911 but there she was, the first responder on the scene. >> are you the only one with your mom right now? >> yes. >> reporter: but j.j. wasn't waiting. >> oh, my god! oh, my god! the head's coming out. >> reporter: hall calmly talked jasmine and her mom through it. >> tell jazmine to support the baby's head and shoulders. >> you helped me so much. >> reporter: tuesday they all met for the first time, filled with smiles and tears of joy. >> i love you. >> reporter: and praise for the little girl who is now a very special big sister. >> congratulations, hero. my little hero. >> our little hero. crystal says just the other day jazmine asked her where babies come from and she changed the subject because she doesn't want to know yet and you can say she found out firsthand. a check of the weather with al. great story there. >> absolutely. we have nice folks here. >> marathon for breast cancer called the moonwalk nyc presented by nyc. >> let's tell you what we've got happening for today. got more rain. memphis, you've got showers and thunderstorms firing up today. it's going to be a rough day today. highs only getting up to about 60 degrees. then as we make our way to the rest of the country, look for severe storms stretching basically from new orleans all the way on up into western pennsylvania and extreme western new york. possibility of some tornadoes with these systems. rainfall amounts anywhere from 2 we have this heat wave to get through today, bay area. now, temperatures are going to peak as we head through tomorrow, just a touch cooler, but right now, you can see, mild conditions at the coast. meanwhile, minice and clear. a bird flying by here in the south bay. a beautiful day shaping up. as we head throughout the day, though, we have a hot one ahead. and if you want to get joutdoor, you have until lunchtime until we get into the 80s. already in the 70s. on our way to the upper 90s and we'll cool you off as we get into the end of the week. >> and that's your latest weather. >> we have got a question for you because you've got kids. you go to a restaurant with your children. should you get a discount on your bill if they behave well? >> i would love that! >> we're going to talk about it on "trending." also ahead, this image really touched hearts around the world. twins entering the world, and just moments after birth, holding hands. the family is with us exclusively, and we'll check in with them. >> so cute. and we'll hit the road with the one and only cher to talk about her tour and what she's doing on it for the first time. plus, cher has a big announcement. but first, these messages. ♪ 'cause in a sky, ♪'cause in a sky full of stars, ♪ i think i saw you. ♪ ♪ it's such a heavenly view. there's only one place to get more coldplay. with waffles and laughs for our family of four. the pool is there waiting, don't you dare fret. there's no need to ask, "are we there yet?" 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[ bottle ] ensure®. nutrition in charge™. ♪ [ male announcer ] get $5 off gallon size or $10 off 3-gallon size deck and concrete resurfacers at lowe's. or $10 off 3-gallon size deck and concrete resurfacers aswhen i really needit's reto get stuff done,at home. i hide in the laundry room. no one ever goes in there. a lawyer that's a monkey? hahahaha. also, the dryer sheets reeeally help my writing. writing supplies. oh. number 7 of my 20. the new amex everyday credit card with no annual fee. thank you. make 20 or more purchases in a monthly billing period, and earn 20% more rewards. it's membership that rewards you for the things you already buy, everyday. what's your 20? ♪ hi, we're back. it is 8:11. time for what's trending today. and alec baldwin is trending. rap sheet's a little bit longer following his arrest in new york for disorderly conduct. here's what happened. police officers stopped him on tuesday after they spotted him. they said he was riding his bicycle against traffic. and that is when the officers say he then lost his famous temper. they arrested him when he couldn't provide i.d. baldwin is calling the disorderly conduct charge a distortion. and he has a few more words. choice words. >> yes, he certainly did which is so unusual. after his release, he vented on twitter saying handcuffing someone for riding a bicycle in the wrong direction is ridiculous. he added new york city is a mismanaged carnival of stupidity. >> he does have a way with words. >> that makes him the ring master. >> just a couple months ago, baldwin threatened to flee the city in a cover story for "new york magazine." >> that's what the cops said. oh, boy. let's turn to more fun things. a special mother's day brunch turned out to be extra special for one couple and their infant daughter in canada. when the family got their receipt, they were surprised to find this, that the restaurant gave them a well-behaved kids discount worth five bucks. the parents were out with their 1-year-old daughter, they say getting the discount made them feel like they got an a on their report card. is there a surcharge for the rest of us with kids who don't behave well? >> we were talking about this. >> there's two ways to look at it. >> a discount or a penalty. >> nice. charged $5. newlyweds have been known to bust out a special dance move or two during their wedding receptions. but in a new viral video, it's the groom and his mom who are wowing the crowd. they start off dancing calmly to "landslide" by fleetwood mac, then they ramp it up. >> nice. ♪ ♪ ♪ thriller >> as you see, that was wes ryan and that was his mom julie, by the way. and apparently this was all julie's idea. the pair got down to everything from michael jackson's "thriller," to "twist." the video already topped two million views on youtube. give it to mom. a full gown, breaking it down. >> she can do the horsey. with the lasso. >> she can probably do the dougie, too. >> and that's what's trending today. coming up, extraordinary and very personal letters from jackie kennedy that have just come to light. we're back in 30 seconds. we're back now with the stars of a photo that's touching people all around the world. i think we showed it to you on monday. twins jenna and jillian born kind of holding each other's hands, or at least right after they were born. they're with us exclusively along with their parents, sarah and bill thistlethwaite, and the doctor and director of neonatology at akron children's hospital. good morning to everyone. >> good morning. >> mom and dad, how are the girls doing? and sarah, how are you doing? >> i'm doing good. the girls are doing very well. they are still on cpap, but they aren't requiring any extra oxygen, so they're doing very well. >> and you feel okay, sarah? >> yeah. i'm a little tired. but it's good, i'm feeling well. >> all right, let's talk about this photo. just to be clear, they were born 48 seconds apart, so they were not born holding hands, but shortly after they were born, they were brought together right there in the delivery room and that's when they held hands. talk to me about the moment. >> do you want to go first? >> yeah. at first, that moment, all we were waiting for -- all i wanted to hear was some crying. as soon as we heard the crying, i just couldn't wait to see them. so the first thing you see is them holding hands, and it couldn't have been a more perfect moment to see your daughters being born. so it was amazing. >> and sarah? >> as i was laying there, all i could hear was the doctor saying oh, my gosh, they're holding hands, they're holding hands. but i couldn't see because they had the drape up. so as they were holding them up, they were just grasping on to each other very tightly and it was just the most heartfelt thing i've ever seen. >> first of all, thumbs up to the person who captured the photo, because if you miss that, no one would ever believe the story. doctor, have you ever seen anything like this before? >> no, not at all. this was one of those moments that really grabs your heart. >> these twins are what are called mono mono twins, meaning they shared the same amniotic sack. in utero. so they may have been touching each other a little bit during the pregnancy. >> yes, of course. definitely. as a matter of fact, the concern usually is they touch too much and grab some wrong things like the cord and entangle each other, and luckily that didn't happen. >> and so mom and dad, when these two little girls grow up and they become teenagers and they fight like all teenagers do, are you going to just put this picture up in their room and say remember this special bond? >> yes, absolutely. we'll remind them how much they loved each other at the very beginning. >> yeah. it's such a great picture. are you surprised by the reaction on the internet? >> yes. i've been really, really surprised. i never thought that it would go viral like this and spread across the world and touch so many people. >> well, rest up. i know you'll be taking them home hopefully very soon. you've got a 1-year-old at home. does he have any idea, dad, how his world is about to change? >> no. he's gone from the center of attention to now sharing with it his sisters, so i hope he's ready. i think he will be. >> looks like a great family. thanks to all for joining us this morning. congratulations. >> thank you. >> thank you. >> couldn't be cuter. meantime, we've got some new revelations this morning about one of the most public, yet very private women in american history, jacqueline kennedy. and it's come from personal letters she wrote to a priest that really amounts to an unpublished autobiography. here's nbc's andrea mitchell. >> it was an unlikely friendship. the young privileged jacqueline bouvier and the retired irish priest father joseph leonard. they first met in dublin in 1950, she on the grand tour after studying in europe. he a family friend, her chaperon and eventual confidant. >> they began this extraordinary correspondence when she left ireland and it continued until father leonard died in 1964. >> in her letters to father leonard, she was playful and affectionate, signing off, really must stop now, father l., with bushels, barrels carts and lorry loads of love for you. xo. he teased her for being fickle after she broke an engagement with a new york stockbroker. she wrote, i'm ashamed we both went into it so quickly and gayly. the next time will be all right and have a happy ending. and she soon fell in love with the dashing congressman john f. kennedy. >> she told the priest in ireland, father leonard, that she was worried that jfk might prove to be like her father. >> her eyes were wide open. jackie writes, he's like my father in a way, loves the chase and is bored with the conquest, and once married needs proof he's still attractive, so flirts with other women and resents you. i saw how that nearly killed mummy. >> she was also half irish and she had been to ireland in 1950, which is where she met this priest, so she always had an affection for ireland. >> in her darkest hour, she confides her crisis of faith, after delivering a stillborn daughter in 1956, she writes, don't think i would ever be bitter at god, but then, see so many good things that come out of this, how sadness shared brings married people closer together. and her grief after the assassination is palpable. i am so bitter against god, only he and you and i know that. the letters will be auctioned next month and could bring millions, although the seller is still a mystery. >> the letters were consigned to us by a private source. >> and why did the famously private jacqueline kennedy confide so much to an irish priest whom she'd only met twice? in her words, it's so good in a way to write all this down and get it off your chest because i never really do talk about it with anyone, but poor you has to read it. for "today," andrea mitchell, nbc news, washington. >> that's an interesting window. >> yeah. meanwhile, changing subjects all over the place today. you just spent some time with a legend. >> it was easily the most exciting day of my life. outside of when i was birthed holding my other twin's hand. >> that's right. >> she's a rare breed who's enduring success and popularity, transcends generations. cher is on a nationwide tour, and we chatted with her on her private tour bus, and guess what, cher has a big surprise for fans today. ♪ ♪ this is a woman's world >> reporter: call it what you will, icon, diva or decade-defying powerhouse. one thing is clear, cher remains a force to be reckoned with. ♪ this is a woman's world >> i swear, it never occurred to me that i would be here at this age. i mean, it's kind of insane. >> reporter: insane or inevitable, she's been stealing the spot light for half a century and she's still at it. ♪ do you believe in life after love ♪ >> reporter: when you look out inhe audience and see those faces, you're in that moment? >> absolutely. i know that if i'm feeling a certain thing, i can translate it to the audience. >> her latest album "closer to the truth" is a bona fide hit. as she finds herself in the middle of her so-called farewell farewell tour, her first in more than a decade. >> i only picked songs for this tour that i like. >> is there a favorite song? >> i really have maybe the most fun doing "welcome to burlesque." i don't know why. i just like it. and i sing it well. >> at nearly 68, she looks and sounds stronger than ever, a timeless performer who balances over-the-top flamboyance with a healthy dose of self-deprecat n self-deprecation. but there's an off stage shyness. >> when i'm working, i have two kind of personalities. they're both real. but i have this one kind of personality that loves to be with people and talk and whatever and sing and whatever, and i have this other personality that wants to sit, to be quiet, watch old movies, kind of shy to go to dinner with -- like a lot of friends. i'm very much of an introvert, totally. >> but it's the extrovert that comes out when she takes a nostalgic and emotional trip back to the era of sonny and cher. >> i know one of the things you're doing in this show for the first time, i believe, in this show, is showing images of sonny. >> we're singing together. >> singing together. >> i thought i could never do that. >> how did you find the courage? >> i knew it was the last time. i thought, you know, he'll laugh his ass off, he'll be so excited to be onstage because he was such a ham. so i thought, wherever he is, he's going to be watching this and thinks, yes, finally. >> what was it like the first time you did it live? >> i thought i'd be a lot more nervous or upset. but it was really fun to see him. ♪ >> so, for our "today" show audience -- >> right. >> -- you have a huge announcement for your fans. >> you do it. >> i can't do it. okay. one, two, three -- >> i'm adding 27 new shows! >> cher is adding 27 new shows. >> more shows. >> more shows. >> right. >> it's more than a show, says cher. it's a journey and a departure, one that she herself loves to share. >> we're going to go out there and everyone will be beautiful and people will look at you and think oh, my god. >> when i'm on that stage, i'm doing my job. in that group of people, i am taking people out of themselves. that's my only job, just to take you out of yourself, be part of this huge collective. we all kind of come together as a group. we forget that we're separate. and that's my job. >> so, by the way, those added tour dates begin in september and run through november. so cher talks about having an out-of-body experience with the fans. she wants us to experience something new. i kept thinking, what could i get cher to do that she's never done before? >> uh-huh. >> a selfie. she said to me, i don't take selfies. and guess what happened. i forced cher. this is not the selfie. and there's a selfie. a cher forced selfie. that's me. that was the first take. but she said she was shy, and a lot of people would find that hard to believe. i walked around with her. i was like a fly on the wall. she's so shy. her team, they love this woman. you see this respect, but also this admiration. she's the real deal. it was an incredible experience. we watched them pray before the concert. but again, you often learn about people, how others see them. looking through the eyes of her dancers, you know she's the real deal. >> and now you have your christmas card for this year. >> i got some makeup tips too from cher. hey! coming up, james franco on his new movie di good morning to you. 8:26. i'm laura garcia-cannon. an update now to breaking news in san francisco where police have raided the hell's angel's clubhouse in the dog patch area. it's near the intersection of tennessee and 23rd. crime scene tape is up and streets in the area are blocked off. officers served search warrants at the hell's angel's house this morning. we have a crew headed to the scene, of course, and we'll bring you more information as it comes into our newsroom. right now, i want to check the morning commute across the bay area. here's mike. >> it's worse than half an hour ago. it continues to build. look at the map, overall. and 101 jammed up all the way to the airport. westbound 237 at the top of your screen crawls into mountain view. 287, 287, all looking very slow. both sides of the bay and across the dunbarton and san mateo bridges. a note as we look at the rest of your approach to the bay bridge. kickerer pass road still closed between highway 4 and pittsburgh and concord. you'll have to use highway 4 to 242 as your alternate. the latest estimate we have is now 9:00, pg&e doing some power pole repair work and have that closed for safety work's sake. 9:00 the latest estimate we have so far. >> thank you so much, mike. we'll be back with another local news update in half an hour. a hot one today as well. we'll check the forecast next time with christina. newwith two unique ingredients. to mix in however your heart desires. go on. spoon me. mixim - from the ehrmann family. it's love, your way. newwith two unique ingredients. to mix in however your heart desires. go on. spoon me. mixim - from the ehrmann family. it's love, your way. we are back. it's 8:30, wednesday morning, 14th day of may, 2014. we've got a great crowd here in rockefeller plaza. >> right now, some of those people in our crowd are getting to shake hands with two of the people behind the new movie "palo alto." that is james franco on the right, and that is gia coppola on the left. >> confuse them. >> we're going to talk to them in just a little while. savannah, you're going to get to the bottom of those paintings james did of seth rogen. >> we'll get to the bottom of that. >> maybe he'll do a portrait of you, matt, next. >> great. plus, can you really eat what you want and still lose weight? mark bittman says he is living proof. naturally, though, there is a catch. he's going to explain and share some of his favorite recipes with us. and we'll head inside for a live performance from british sensation lily allen. >> i look forward to catching up with her. but first, let's get a check of the weather. >> we've got a risk of strong storms stretching down from the south all the way into the great lakes. look for record heat out west into the pacific northwest. fog along the mid-atlantic states. as we make our way into tomorrow, the record heat continues in the southwest. more rain along the eastern seaboard. sunny and hot into the pacific northwest. nice and mild. a decent amount of sunshine as you make your way into new england. and donate your crutches. >> yes, donate your crutches to crutches for kids. it's a simple and high impact way to transform a life. so go to our website, crutchesforkids.org. 8:32 now. good wednesday morning to you. i'm meteorologist christina loren. we've got a hot day ahead. today, temperatures will be a touch cooler at the coast. you'll hit the upper 70s in pacifica, 88 in san francisco. as we get into tomorrow, noticeably cooler at the immediate coast, with a little bit of an onshore flow returning. still hot inland, as we get into this weekend, finally we'll see a cooldown into the 70s and 80s. a come hot days to get through before we get that cooler weather. hope you have a great day. >> and that's your latest weather. so as we've been telling you, universal orlando resort's new themed attraction, the wizarding world of harry potter diagon alley opens up this summer. we're giving 25 lucky winners the chance to be among the first to experience it. the prize includes a trip for four to universal orlando, round trip airfare, passes to the park and hotel accommodations at the cabana bay beach resort. this morning, clue number two in our special sweepstakes, discovering diagon alley on today. question. in which wand shop in diagon alley can you see a wand choose a wizard? >> i wonder. >> thank you very much. for your chance to win and the official rules, head to today.com/sweepstakes. by the way, i got a very special wand. >> you did? anything you can talk about? >> you need this job, al. >> got it. all right, al, thanks. this morning on "the voice," we're down to the final three after last night's emotional eliminations. carson shows us how it all went down. >> it's just a few hours before showtime. the five artists putting on their brave faces, showing no signs of elimination night stress. onstage, first to breathe a sigh of relief -- >> jake worthington from team blake! jake advances to the finals. josh kaufman from team usher! >> was next to make it into the finals, leaving cat perkins -- ♪ why you gotta be so blind ♪ >> kristen merlin. ♪ shatter every window until it's all blown away ♪ >> and christina grimmie to sing for a final chance at avoiding elimination. and once the singing was done, and america's votes were counted -- >> christina grimmie moves on! >> christina grimmie made it into the top three, eliminating kristen merlin and cat perkins. >> how are you feeling? >> i'm good. >> don't lie to me, cat. >> i'm really good. i'm very happy. it's always sad when something ends, but even if you win this show, it ends for you. something's going to end with the show. so i'm relieved. ♪ gonna give you the world >> you've been in the bottom three several times just singing for your life. you seem to be at your best. what is that? >> i don't know. it's that ultimate just like do or die moment. your true artistry really comes out. and to be honest with you, it's really fun. >> what did you say to christina grimmie there at the end? >> i said i knew you had this. she was so nervous. from the girl that's been here two weeks in a row, like it's actually kind of fun, you're going to get to sing, and she killed it. >> we'll see you for the finale on monday! >> for "today," carson daly, nbc news, los angeles. >> just a reminder, you can catch "the voice" finals, that's next monday and tuesday nights, 8:00/7:00 central time here on nbc. coming up, another talented singer, grammy nominated star lily allen will perform live for us in the studio. and up next, the always memorable james franco and his risque artwork and his new movie directed by a member of hollywood royalty gia coppola. but first, this is "today" on nbc. we're back at 8:38 with the new movie "palo alto." it's based on short stories written by james franco. it marks the directorial debut of gia coppola, and franco stars as a single dad and soccer coach who's taken a little too much interest in one of his players. take a look. >> you know you can talk to ming right? that's part of what a coach does. >> okay. >> if you need help with homework, i'm pretty good at that, too. >> yeah, sure. >> why don't you just bring your school work to my house when you babysit next time. >> okay, i will. >> yeah? >> uh-huh. >> i'll see you at practice. >> yeah, i promise. i will. >> promise? >> promise. >> okay. >> where does that go? james and gia, good morning to you. >> not a good place. >> nothing good can come of that. so you wrote these stories. >> yes. >> there are so many interesting characters. there's two main male characters. one is teddy, he's kind of -- >> val kilmer's son. >> he's listless and maybe on the edge of badness. and then there's freddy, who i think is a little scary. >> yeah. played by matt wolf. >> in high school, which guy would you have been? >> well, the guys actually asked me that, the actors asked me that, like who am i based on? am i based on you? i can say that teddy is definitely the one that's closest to who i was. in art class, a little confused and all that. and then with fred, part of that character is based on me, but that character does a lot of bad things. and actually, what gia did when she adapted the book is she combined some characters. so she took nat's character, a darker side of myself, but combined him with these even darker characters. so he is sort of me, but he's also note in some ways. >> gia, this is quite a feat. this is your directorial debut. you were given these short stories, a series of them that james had written and you adapted them, and then had to direct for the first time. i mean, no pressure there, right? >> james really helped me through the whole process, so it didn't feel intimidating. >> and i know you really wanted to capture something authentic about the adolescent experience. did you feel like that was something that was kind of missing in movies? >> yeah, for sure. so i was really excited about the opportunity to create that. >> and you really kind of created a family atmosphere, as i understand it. the two main male characters stayed at your mom's house? >> yeah. >> that was one of the amazing things that gia did that i had never done as a director. like you brought everybody together. >> yeah. i mean, i didn't want the boys to be late to work, so i had them stay at my mom's. >> well, that's one way to control them. >> yeah. it was fun. >> you kind of -- i mean, for lack of a better word, in a way you kind of auditioned gia. you had seen some of her photographs and you were impressed by her, but then you had to see, can she direct. >> it wasn't even an audition. it wasn't like that at all. really, what i did is i had her do a test. and it wasn't like fail this test and you don't get the job. it was more an exercise i do with my graduate film students where it's a chance for gia to kind of be on a set and direct people in a low-pressure situation where, you know, the big money isn't being spent. and it's a chance for me as the producer or teacher to just see oh, can she get her ideas on screen. and she did a 45-minute test. and once i saw that, i just -- i knew she had it. it was just -- she just had it. >> and i gave her carte blanche after that. >> speaking of carte blanche, you know that i can't let you go without having our usual discussion about your selfie issue. >> i heard you dade selfie this morning. >> well, my selfie was clothed. >> what? oh. >> in contrast to your selfies, which are not clothed. >> you are six months pregnant now, right? i think a little skin would get you into the 50,000 -- likes? >> no, you are like 50,000 stop take that away. >> what's the most? >> not anywhere near james franco territory. >> a little skin with a pregnant belly, that will get you up there. >> and seth rogen was up there. i'm sure we can throw a couple of them up. >> put them up. a little blurred out here. i'm being censored here. >> children watch this show. what do you find about big bear that is so artistically enticing? >> well, there's a lot to talk about and i don't have that much time. but anyway, some other artist took it upon himself to do these sketches of seth. in the nude. and seth didn't pose for them. this artist depicted seth and he wouldn't have gotten much attention for these sketches except that he put seth's face on it. and so i felt like oh, here he is appropriating seth's personality and his persona for his art to get attention for his art. and i thought, well, if anybody should paint seth naked, it should be me. so i took his sketches and then did paintings out of them. >> james, i love seeing you. it's always fun. good to see you. and gia, congratulations on quite a first film. >> thank you. >> it's wonderful. thank you. "palo alto" is out now in select theaters. coming up next, mark bittman's secrets to losing weight and you still eat the things you love. but first, this is "today" on nbc. if you could eat whatever you want after 6:00 in the evening and still look and feel great, well according to "new york times" columnist mark bittman, the secret is to eat vegan before 6:00. he lost 35 pounds following his own diet plan and now he's out with a companion cook book called the "vb6" cook book. good morning. >> you buy into this, right? >> we talked about this before the show. you do vegan meals before 6:00 and then you can do whatever you want. and you've got this cook book now. you're going to start us off with a couple of recipes. let's start with breakfast. what would i eat vegan for breakfast? >> this is a little bit of an elaborate thing, but you make a beautiful stir fry of apples and cashews. and so you toast the cashews, cook the apples a little bit of ginger. and then your cashews go back in here. >> once they've been cooked down a little bit. >> lemon juice and pepper and salt. and this is, you know, a wonderful topping for just toasted bread, whole grain bread, or oatmeal. i mean -- >> so you're okay on the bread, carbs, things like this. this is what you have to concentrate on. >> concentrate on your fruits and vegetables. >> that's what we're going to eat for breakfast. in the cook book, you've got a great lunch selection. talk to me about the mushroom dish. >> this is eggplant. >> i'm sorry, eggplant. >> eggplant meatballs, which are really fabulous. and we do these in the food processor. do we have time for this? >> yeah, sure. go ahead. >> throw the eggplant in the food processor with some cooked onions, garlic. we would put those in the pan. some beans, parsley. thank you. >> sure. >> not the bread crumbs yet. so then we would do this. you know, the usual drill. >> pulse it up. mix that with bread crumbs. >> so it binds it up. >> you're so good at this. and then you make little meatballs, which go in the oven and wind up looking like that. >> and the pasta is fine. >> pasta, red sauce, or a whole grain hogey or hero, whatever you call it. >> we've eaten vegan. now come 6:00, can i have anything i want? can i have ice cream? steak? chips? >> yeah. within limits. >> what's our dinner that you're making? >> steak with mushrooms. >> you lost 35 pounds doing this. >> seven years ago, so it's been a while. >> how long did it take to lose the weight? did you do this seven days a week? >> i do it -- i don't stop. i cheat. there is built-in cheating in this diet. but it's not a two-week lose 20 pounds thing. this is how you eat thing. >> this becomes your lifestyle. >> yeah. >> the cook book is "the vb6 cook book." thanks for being here. up next, a live performance from lily allen. but first, this is "today" on nbc. the toyota concert series on "today," brought to you by toyota. >> well, fresh from a five-year hiatus, british pop star lily allen is back with her third album. it's called "sheezus." it hit the top 40 charts. lily, good morning to you. >> hi. >> i have to ask you about "sheezus," reminds me of "yesus" from kanye. >> it's like a nod to him. >> an homage. >> exactly. >> you saw him at the met gala a couple weeks ago. you guys took a picture. >> uh-huh. >> did he like the record? >> he hasn't heard it. he thought it was funny. and kim said, you know, i'm a real sheezus. >> it's been five years since you had your last record. and you've been busy in the meantime. you've got two kids, got married. >> yeah. >> what's it like to be back in the recording studio making music again and about to go back on tour. >> it's great. it's nice having them run around. it's a good environment to make music in. but i'm here without them, i miss them a lot. >> i'm sure you do. you're going to do a north america tour this fall? >> i am. i think it starts in september. i'm not sure. >> what are you going to sing for us this morning? >> a song called "our time." >> all right. take it away. ♪ it's 2:00 a.m. so why'd you stop the music i'm still swaying like i was on a cruise ship ♪ took the words straight out of my mouth ♪ ♪ come on everybody back to my house take my hand now you're coming over ♪ ♪ it doesn't matter you can sleep on my sofa bring some back and bring some rizlas ♪ ♪ ♪ bring some trinkets we're going to party like it's nobody's business ♪ ♪ this is our time now let's forget everything put your black dress on ♪ ♪ dressing up like we're queens of the night we just wanna dance ♪ ♪ the night away we had enough so turn it up ♪ ♪ tonight we're taking over we wanna drink until we lose our minds ♪ ♪ it's how we do tonight we're taking over ♪ ♪ i feel fly i'm rocking kenzo i'll get high ♪ ♪ but i ain't doing benzos i might dance like your auntie ♪ ♪ i don't care because we're i've got quite a record collection here to party i've got hip-hop i've got dub-step ♪ ♪ i'll take us right through from sunrise to sunset this is our time now ♪ let your hair down now it's the end of the week ♪ ♪ and this is our time now ♪ let's forget everything and put your glad rags on ♪ ♪ dressing up like we're queens of the night ♪ ♪ ♪ wanna lose sense of space and time it's how we do ♪ ♪ tonight we're taking over just a little harder a little louder if you like ♪ ♪ move a little faster stand a little taller do whatever makes you feel all right ♪ drink a little more ♪ shout a little louder if you like a little faster ♪ ♪ stand a little taller do whatever makes you feel all right ♪ ♪ go harder go harder now ♪ we just wanna dance the night away ♪ ♪ we don't give a damn what people say ♪ ♪ we've had enough so turn it up ♪ ♪ tonight we're taking over we wanna drink until we lose our minds ♪ ♪ we're going through it's how we do ♪ ♪ tonight we're taking over we just wanna dance the night away ♪ ♪ we don't give a damn what people say we've had enough ♪ ♪ so turn it up tonight we're taking over ♪ ♪ wanna lose sense of space and time we're going through it's how we do ♪ ♪ tonight we're taking over [ cheers and applause ] >> lily allen, thank you so much. again, the album is called "sheezus." we are back after your local news. good morning, everyone. 8:56. i'm scott mcgrew. the fireworks in downtown san jose are back. for the first time in six years, the show will light up the sky on the fourth of july. the rotary club of san jose teamed up with santa clara city and santa clara county to raise $100,000 to fund that show. let's check your very hot weather with christina. good morning. >> good morning to you, scott. temperatures this morning, mostly in the upper 60s to mid-70s as we get into this afternoon. it is going to be a really hot day. clearing out at the coast. hazy sunshine over the south bay. temperatures for today will work like this. at 97 degrees in the south bay today. that's a hot one. 96 for the peninsula. average this time of year, about 74. so well above average in the east bay. 98 for you. from nbc news this is "today's take" with al roker, matt lauer, tamron hall live from studio 1a in rockefeller plaza. >> welcome to "today" on a wednesday morning. it's may 14th, 2014. i'm willie geist with tamron hall, natalie morales, al roker, around the table together maybe for the last time, we're going to talk about donald sterling. >> i think there should have been a little separation. >> a little segue. >> i've been meaning to talk to you. >> it's been a good run. good night, everybody. sit back down. >> don't run from this story, because it's following us. >> you're the most beloved man in america, but it's just not working out. al roker, everybody's staying here. i meant to talk about donald sterling. hopefully we don't have talk too much about him. magic johnson, the basketball legend, speaking out last night, responding to comments made by donald sterling. remember, in an interview a couple of nights ago with cnn's anderson cooper, we thought donald sterling would maybe apologize. didn't do that. he instead went after magic johnson, accused him of never helping anyone in the african-american community, saying what's he done? all he's done is get aids. that's a quote from him. last night, magic johnson responding to anderson cooper. >> he's trying to find something he can grab on to him to help him save his team. and it's not going to happen. i'm really disturbed by the fact that -- you know, when he called me, he should have said, magic, i'm sorry. >> i asked him specifically if he had apologized to you, and he said no. >> no. no, he didn't apologize at all. >> it seemed like a surprise to him that he would actually be expected to make an apology. >> well, he's the one who said don't bring magic to my games. so, you know, he's the one who made these comments. so i was expecting at least an apology, and the american public wanted an apology. he finally did that. but this is -- it's sad. when i saw the interview, it's sad. it really is. i'm going to pray for this young man. you're 80 years old. you've had a tremendous life. just go ahead and enjoy the rest of your life. >> that's magic talking about donald sterling. by the way, what he's talking about at the beginning is that donald sterling called magic johnson, said hey, will you sit and do an interview with me? let's appear together. let's bury the hatchet. magic said absolutely not. at the same time, donald sterling didn't even apologize to him, as you heard magic say there. so despite what sterling said about magic's efforts helping others, of course as we've said many times over the last couple days, magic johnson has contributed millions to charity, invested money in businesses, in african-american communities. whether it's starbucks, movie theaters, going down the list. but you'll remember it was magic's instagram picture with v. stiviano that led to all this business that began last month. meanwhile, the nba says the committee considering whether or not to remove sterling as owner of the l.a. clippers will meet next week. >> why would they even have to meet? mail that in. >> well, his wife obviously wants her portion of the team. a lot of technicalities. but i don't understand this rage that sterling has toward magic johnson. to me, you would say let me leave that out, let me explain my actions. but it's further proof he has no explanation for what many people see as being a racist. so he deflects to magic johnson which is crazy. >> which is nuts. >> one of the most beloved people in the world and you are attacking him for no reason. >> who has done amazing charitable work. >> absolutely. >> has invested in urban communities, employed literally thousands of people. >> and by the way, magic johnson very clearly taking the high road. >> yes. >> as he does. >> absolutely. and one of the things i found especially diabolical about sterling's latest comments was when he said jewish people help their community and black people don't help. it's like okay, we'll conquer and divide. we'll divide everyone and have jewish people looking at blacks. that was especially diabolical to me in that whole interview. >> exactly. >> like we talked about yesterday, he denies being a racist. but that comment right there keeps it going. something else that is crazy, and i am obsessed with this story, as all of you are here as well, this bounce house accident that happened in new york over this past monday involving one of those very popular bouncy houses. you go anywhere in any suburb, you see them at every birthday party. three children were hurt when a strong gust of wind picked up a bouncy house while the kids were inside. some of the children dropped as high as 20 feet in the air. two stories up. the house soared much higher than that, as you see in these images. the kid weren't in when these pictures were captured. nevertheless, 20 feet up is plenty enough to injure you severely. a 10-year-old girl actually suffered cuts and bruises. two boys ages 5 and 6 were seriously injured. witnesses say one boy's head injury was pretty bad. another had broken bones. but this was interesting as well. a 2012 study in the journal of pediatrics says more than 30 children are taken to emergency rooms each day as a result of injuries in the bouncy house. >> 30 a day? >> 30. >> across the country. that's crazy. >> wow. >> not just for the projectiles. but suffocation. >> they hit against each other. we had one of them. and ended up, you know, just putting it away and getting rid of it. a, you've got those injuries. and b, there's a warning on them. that's printed right on them. can result in injury or death. >> to your point, the association that represents these inflatable bouncer industry, they say their products are safe if parents follow instructions, and supervise children at all times. that's their disclaimer here. >> we get one at a block party every year, but there's an attendant at the bounce house and that's what they're always saying. make sure there are parents around. and also they put sandbags and tie it down to the trucks. >> those are the bigger ones. >> those are the bigger ones, yeah. but this one looked like a sizable one. the fact that it lifted up with a 10-year-old and a 5 and a 6-year-old in it. that's a lot of weight, if you think about that. >> that's what i thought. yes, you want it held down properly, but just in your mind, you think physics-wise that it would hold up. >> the plastic stakes attached with nylon rope. >> yeah. >> plastic stakes are not enough. they snap in a second. >> terrifying. that's terrifying. >> i think a lot of people will think twice about having these in their backyard now. >> by the way, if you were even thinking of getting one, from a practical point, they're a pain in the butt to put away. >> that's a whole different issue. but you're right. >> police say no charges will be filed in this situation. but it's still a warning. keep it on your mind. >> those pictures are crazy. >> they are. >> that really got up there. that's nuts. for all the fan boys out there -- >> yeah. >> remember the controversy surrounding the choice of ben affleck as batman in the upcoming film "batman vs. superman," which i think is baseless, by the way. >> where's the controversy? >> i don't get it. i don't get it. >> superman. >> batman versus superman. >> it's going to be a movie coming out in 2016. >> they're against each other? >> who's the bigger superhero? >> in the end, they team up. but yes, it's -- >> okay. >> so yesterday, the film's director zack snyder tweeted the first photo of ben affleck as batman. alongside the bat mobile. >> got a lot of veins. he looks like the hulk. >> is that a costume, costume, or is that -- >> you think that's ben affleck's body? >> well, working out a lot. >> that's a lot of working out. >> he has a good body. >> he looks pretty ripped. >> i think there may be some molded plastic as well. >> but it looks very flesh-like, doesn't it? that batman costume. >> we have another nominee for batman. we love ben affleck. he's great actor. >> absolutely. >> i think we have some tape of another guy who sent in his resume actually. >> oh. >> actually, i was the boy wonder, robin. to matt lauer's batman. >> we think mr. lauer, perhaps. >> or mr. roker. >> should throw his hat into the ring. >> i loved when you guys did that. >> that was fun. that was fun. >> if you take a look, we've got some comparisons. >> oh, wow. >> sometimes you get the stage hands out, the stage managers out. we've got affleck compared to adam west, michael keaton, val kilmer, george clooney, and christian bale. >> they've all been great batmans. i think they've all added their own take to batman. >> i think george clooney would have been a much better batman if he hasn't been in such a horrible movie. >> that's true. that's true. >> a horrible "batman." >> what's the affleck backlash thing? >> i don't understand it. >> i don't get it either. >> what's the specific complaint about ben affleck? i don't get it. >> i'm sure you're going to find out on twitter. >> i think it's one of those social media things that once somebody hash tags it and people think it's funny. it's gone into a whole new life. he's a great actor. how's he going to mess up batman? >> this is a character people are very passionate about. but i think he'll be terrific. >> let's just hope it's a great movie, it's a good script, right? >> that's the key. >> he did a great job with "man of steel." >> here's something for all of us who have lost expensive pairs of sunglasses. >> everyone. >> or just lost a pair of sunglasses that you love, right? one japanese label has created sun glasses that will actually send you a text message if you forget them somewhere. >> come on. >> it's like hey, remember me? you left me. the sunglasses, they're bluetooth enabled. so if you're separated from them, you'll received notifications on your phone. 16 feet, 32 feet away. if you forget where you've left them, you go on the app's map to see where you left them. they're a little bit pricey, $350, but i think some pricier sunglasses are in that range. you can get $100 off if you preorder them. not available just yet, we're told. but coming out very soon. >> that's a very needy pair of sunglasses. you're six feet away, come back! come back! >> where are you? >> come find me! come find me. >> and then the day you lose your phone and your sunglasses. >> forget about it. >> yeah. >> it's all over for you. >> they look okay, though. the thing you'd worry about is having an antenna. sticking off the top or something. but no. >> they look like a nice pair of expensive sunglasses. so tamron, i love this. this was a very memorable story that you were part of. tell us about ben and his bucket list. >> ben is my new best friend. so his name is ben pierce. he's from my hometown of ft. worth, texas. he's 9 years old, born five months premature. he's losing his sight with every year he grows, he loses sight. and he at some point will become completely blind. so ben's bucket list went viral. and one of the things on his list was he wanted to visit the ft. worth zoo, where i had my 7th birthday, by the way. the folks at the ft. worth zoo saw me mentioning this on msnbc after i said i would stand out front until they let us in and they arranged for ben to have a private -- with all of his siblings one-on-one visit at the zoo. i happened to be in town for mother's day and a wedding. we met for the first time at the zoo. and for those of you who have wondered if i'm capable of love because i'm not married, i have fallen in love. ben is my guy. he's amazing. and we got close enough for him to see his light and other things. so he was able to touch and feel. the doctor actually recommended this to the family, saying give him as many memories as possible so that he can have these when he loses his sight. so he's a great guy. thank you, ft. worth zoo. thank you for supporting. i appreciate it. >> thank you. everyone at the ft. worth zoo, thank you. >> ben, way to go, my man. so out west, we have got big problems. because we've got a lot of heat, a lot of dry conditions. the jet stream all season long has been up to the north, and so no moisture has been able to get in. look at these temperatures. san francisco will probably break its record today at 89. santa maria 94. santa barbara comes close to the record. ocean side 96. los angeles will probably see a high of 100, that will break its record. these santa ana winds, big high pressure moves into the western colorado area. that brings in the winds out of the east. drier air, red flag warnings, wind gusts, and wind gusts up to 40 to 50 miles per hour. so fire danger still a big deal going on into tomorrow. that's what's going on around the country. here's what's happening 9:12. good wednesday morning to you. you can tell, it's going to be a hot day. you can actually see that bright sun beating down on the now brown hills of sunol. as we head throughout the day today, we're going to climb out of the 70s, where we are right now, right about at average for this time of year, right now, we'll climb into the 90s as a result. 97 in the south bay. 97 for the east bay. 88 degrees in san francisco today, and that triple digit heat is really going to settle into your extreme inland valleys. gilroy today, 105 degrees. >> our stage manager says part of the ben affleck batman backlash might be from his previous role as a superhero when he did "daredevil." but look, not everybody has a great movie. but he's grown so much since then. >> that was a script thing, too. >> so few people say "daredevil." >> thanks. up next, what's your technique for getting rid of hiccups? do you have somebody scare you, hold your breath, drink water upside down, put the salt and sugar on your tongue. go to today.com to answer. we'll have the results and talk about some other odd body quirks [ brian ] in a race, it's about getting to the finish line. in life, it's how you get there that matters most. it's important to know the difference. like when i found out i had a blood clot in my leg. my doctor said that it could travel to my lungs and become an even bigger problem. and that i had to take action. so he talked to me about xarelto®. 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[ corrine ] super poligrip is part of my life now. today's health is brought to you by super poligrip. have dentures? try super poligrip. eat, speak, and shiel with confidence. >> this morning on "today's health," does this sound familiar? that, of course -- >> the sound effect. >> have you ever asked yourself why our bodies do that? >> here to help us get rid of them and other body quirks, dr. jorge rodriguez. good morning. >> good morning. how is everybody today? >> i don't have the hiccups, which is never good when you're on the air. but what causes annoying hiccups? >> the first thing to remember is we're this computer and there's always neurological discharge. so we have a big muscle down here called the diaphragm. it's supposed to stay not contracted. it just spasms. so what causes hiccups? anything from stress, excitement, fear, caffeine. sometimes just carbonated beverages. acidy foods. spicy food. haven't you ever had something spicy and as it goes down -- you do it? absolutely. >> we've got a poll on today.com, what people use to get rid of them. 4% scare somebody. 40% hold their breath. 15% drink water upside down. 29% other. >> i don't know what the other one is, but i personally just try to hold my breath or scare somebody. the thing is, you want a different stimulation that just sort of reboots your computer to get that diaphragm from spasming. it's no magic. >> so holding your breath could work. >> if you're partially scared by holding your breath, that will get rid of your hiccups sometimes. >> eye twitching. >> when your nervous system goes a little bit haywire, you can just have an uncontrollable eye twitch. it doesn't necessarily mean there's anything pathologically wrong. but caffeine, again. nicotine. anything that stimulates you will stimulate those nerves. stress is a big one. >> there are ways to fix it. >> if your eyes are dry, you can wet them. you can cut down the caffeine. sometimes, put a warm compress to your eye for a while. don't worry about a hiccup or a twitch unless it lasts over two days. >> okay. >> cutting onions, and i hate when i'm making dinner because you always start crying when you're cutting the onions. is there a way to reduce that? >> sure. there's an enzyme in there, that if you cut it, comes into contact with the other enzymes, lets out this gas. one thing you can do is wear goggles. not very attractive, but effective. cool down your onion. freeze it. use it in cold water. or -- and a very sharp knife. the more you macerate the onions, the more you release those enzymes. a very sharp cut. >> you get the charlie horse sometimes. >> that's killer. >> as a runner, you get it a lot. >> i guess. rumor has it. whenever you damage your muscles, the muscles are like zippers. this one is supposed to go in and out. when you have restless sleep, your muscles stay contracted. that causes the charlie horse. so if you're pregnant, all of your hormones are whacked out. >> right. >> if you exercise a lot. best way, eat things that are high in magnesium. calcium. potassium. if you have a bad charlie horse while you're sleeping, slowly press the leg in the opposite direction. if it goes up, slowly bend it down and put some warm water on it. hurts like heck. >> it sure does. that's all we have time for. thank you so much. >> my pleasure. coming up next, i'm going to get you caught up on all the news of the day. does number 80 have anything to do with women's sex life? we'll tell you. >> we'll find out when we go by the numbers when it comes to latte or au lait? cozy or cool? 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it's so irresistibly thick and creamy! didn't expect you to be enjoying yourself so soon! couldn't resist, mmm! it's such a good source of protein too! no, i'm talking about this john, already?! that was mine. hi mom. hi sweety. try the new dannon oikos greek frozen yogurt. ♪ dannon. taking a look at the headli headlines, growing concerns over mers, an overseas virus that has arrived here in the u.s. 20 hospital workers in florida are now being tested for possible exposure to middle east respiratory syndrome after the second case in the u.s. was confirmed this week. there is no specific treatment and no vaccination for mers. signs are now going up at airports warning people traveling to and from the middle east. researchers say baby food sales have dropped more than 10% in recent years because more parents are making their own. they're concerned that baby foods sold in supermarkets are overprocessed with too many additives and making their own baby food, they say, lets them control the ingredients. baby food companies have taken notice, some with new products containing new additives or preservatives, in an attempt to lure back customers instead. more loan money may soon be available for home mortgages. the regulator overseaing fannie mae and freddie mac says the two mortgage giants should focus on making more credit available to homeowners and not on a previously planned reduction in loan limits. there was concern such a move could hurt the housing market. and basketball trick shots taken to a whole new level. take a look. this is courtesy of the lords of gravity stunt group. watch as the acrobat gets a running start, goes off that trampoline, steps on the rim, makes the back board. does a backflip and makes that dunk. give that guy an nba contract. he deserves it. coming up, celebrity vacation spots at affordable co[ female announcer ] with weight watchers, you can eat this, this and this. whip up this. munch on that. and dine out on this. that's 7 days a week. no tracking. no counting. no measuring. and you'll start losing weight right away with our 2 week simple start plan. so jumpstart your summer and join for free. try meetings, do it online or both. weight watchers. because it works. try meetings, do it online or both. the was a truly amazing day. without angie's list, i don't know if we could have found all the services we needed for our riley. for over 18 years we've helped people take care of the things that matter most. join today at angieslist.com breaking news right now at 9:26, going on in richmond, where a high school is on lockdown after a shooting. drive-by shooting happened at john f. kennedy high. a student was shot in the leg. we're told he's in the school's office with a serious injury. no other injuries were reported and there's no suspect information at this time. police say there's no current threat to the school or students and staff on campus. they've locked down the campus, they say, only as a precaution. we have a crew headed to the scene and we'll bring you more information as soon as it comes into our newsroom. in the meantime, police have raided the hell's angel's clubhouse in the dog patch area, near the intersection of tennessee and 23rd in san francisco. crime scene tape up, streets in the area are blocked off. officers served search warrants at the hell's angel's clubhouse this morning and they did arrest one person. we'll take a quick break, but we'll have a laook at weather ad traffic right after this. the answer to treating your dog's fleas and ticks is staring you right in the face. nexgard from the makers of frontline® plus it's the only chew that kills both fleas and american dog ticks. vets recommend it, and dogs, well they're begging for it. nexgard is for dogs only and hasn't been evaluated for use in pregnant, breeding or lactating dogs. reported side effects include vomiting, dry flaky skin, diarrhea, lethargy and lack of appetite. use with caution in dogs with a history of seizures. recommended by vets. loved by dogs. from the makers of frontline® plus. 9:28. welcome back. 9:28, hard to believe with temperatures like this. we're at 74 degrees in mountain view. 72 in oakland and concord. 74 already here in san jose. it is hazy out there, and i can tell you, we are sparing the air. clear, mild conditions at the coast. look at this, though. our camera starting to shake a little bit. that is good news. you'll get a little bit of a cooling breeze as we head throughout the evening hours, but not before we hit triple digit heat in your inland valleys. that sun blazing in as we speak. today's highs work like this ppt 97 in the south bay. 96 along the peninsula. 97 in the east bay. and 88 in san francisco with cooler weather towards the end of the week. here's mike in your drive. >> you're talking about the higher temperatures at this time. also unexpected for 9:28, look at 101 northbound at 60. it has been a nightmare for this stretch of the bayshore freeway, all throughout san jose. let's show you the extent of the slowing on our maps. it is jammed up from before you get to past sjc, the airport. 87 and 85 have also been slow. we've had crashes on either of those freeways and they aren't alternating with the backup. now we're finally seeing the recovery, except for 101. a new stall at mckee causing new problems. a smooth drive across the bay. the peninsula starting to lighten up. better news, kirker pass has reopened. >> another local update in half an hour. hope to see you then. keep cool outer there. welcome back to "today." it's wednesday morning, may 14th, 2014. >> almost lost tamron there. >> get a sip of water there. i'm willie along with tamron, al, and natalie. so, does this annoy you? >> so -- >> have you noticed it's becoming more common to start a sentence with the word "so"? >> guilty. >> so annoying. >> business insider writes the use of so at the beginning of sentences can insult your audience, undermine your credibility and demonstrate uncomfort. >> so what? >> it's like a transition. it's sort of like you want to make sure that person feels like you have that connection to something that you've been saying. so, we're bringing you into the conversation. >> well, you just undermined your credibility. >> i did? >> i don't know. >> i can't believe a word you ever say anymore. >> i can't trust you anymore. >> please! >> it is annoying, though. you do hear it all the time. >> i say, so, how was your day? >> it's the opening line. >> so, is so the new like? it was last year. everyone was like, don't say like. as if. >> the overused superfluous word. >> right. >> so, how about a check of the weather? >> really? really? >> that's the other one that was way overused. >> really? okay. i'm going to go over here. >> literally, really so. >> 18-year-olds across america are now looking at us like, so what's wrong with them? >> yeah, a lot of 18-year-olds watching us right now. so what are you smoking? anyway, look here. up and down the west coast. record highs. los angeles today, 100 degrees. and then as you come east, we'vm western new york and pennsylvania all the way down into mississippi. scattered showers and thunderstorms everywhere else. and for tomorrow, that wet weather moves to the east. record highs will continue in southern california. hot in the pacific northwest. nice and warm through the gulf coast. look for mild conditions and a decent amount of sunshine in we haven't even hit midday just yet and temperatures are already in the mid-70s. we're at 74 degrees in san jose, with a hazy sky overhead. you can see that, all that sunshine coming in so early means we've got a big-time warm-up headed our way. and you can see, no cooling clouds whatsoever, all the way from high atop san bruno mountain into san francisco, it is crystal clear. and you can see we're heating up in sunol as well. temperatures will end up into the mid- to upper 90s, upper 80s in san francisco. tomorrow, cooler at the coast but staying nice and hot in your inland valleys. so, that's your latest weather. guys? >> so, al, thanks a lot. now to the final part of our three-day series "by the numbers." today we're looking at relationships. >> so here to sort out everything -- it said "so." [ laughter ] to sort out everything from dating from dating and sex and all of those things is psychotherapist tiffany henry. do not analyze in why we can't shake that so thing. >> you guys jinxed me. i'm going to try not to say "so." >> it's a drinking game now if you say it. let's start with the number 80. >> 80. so this one freaks a lot of women out. 80 is the number, the percentage of women who have low sex desire over the span of their lifetime. and so that number freaks most people out because they feel like oh, my gosh, 80% of women are going to experience low sex drive. but think about it, over the lifetime, there are many things that could cause low sex desire. it could be biological, social, the relationship really isn't good and that's why you don't want to have sex with your partner. it could be a medical issue. medicines, psychological, depression, any of those thing. >> so don't get so hung up on the number. >> don't get so hung up on the 80. it's actually very, very normal. >> a set of numbers now. 15, 2, and 1. >> i love this. so this is the average woman will kiss about 15 frogs, right? and fall in love with two. and then really settle down with one. >> so you fall in love twice is what you're saying? >> yeah, the average woman will -- yeah, you got to kiss a few frogs, though. >> sure you do. >> don't beat yourself up if you don't fall in love a lot. i actually like it when women, or men, don't fall in love with everybody that they date, everybody that they meet. and just know, you're going to settle down with one that one, but you do gotta kiss a few frogs. >> i need to write down the frog. 15, please. and let's move on. next up, the number 31. >> 31. this is a cool number. it is the percentage of office romances that actually end in marriage. and we thi office romances never work. i tend to think that, too. but the key to making those things work and fill out into a marriage is actually keeping your professional and personal lives separate. >> so, 31% of the people who date a co-worker marry them? >> they're actually pretty good. but you've got to keep those two lines separate. never bring your relationship stuff into work. and never bring the professional stuff home. >> so is it a good idea to have a good idea? >> 31% of people will say so. >> i'll take that as an answer. the next number is 82. surprisingly high. what are we talking about? >> 82% of parents actually talked to their kids about sex. that one i'm really surprised about. i thought that number would be lower. but here's the thing. people talk about sex in different ways. some parents will just say be ab abastinant, don't do it. it's not enough to tell kids don't do it, don't go down that road. you want them to be healthy, you want them to maintain some level of dignity and all of that stuff, so you want to arm them with the information they need. if they do happen to have sex earlier than you want to. >> i had a counselor who said if you don't talk to your kids about it, the other kids will. >> they will. >> the number 12. this one hits close to home. >> uh-oh. 12 is the age at which a lot of parents are starting to give kids cell phones. and a lot of people feel a little funny about that. you both are grimacing. think about it this way. you don't have to give a kid a smart phone. give a kid a phone with all the important numbers, where they can't just dial anybody, they can't snap chat, all those freaky things. because they're doing it. but think buabout it this way. i always think back to columbine. and those kids in that school had cell phones and they were some of the first people to actually call. and i also want you to think about this. what if something like that was to happen to your kid. you'd want to be able to call them and say i love you in that last minute. >> i was ridiculed for giving a 6-year-old a phone. >> well, we said 12. >> she's 6. she'll be 12 someday. i felt like it was any decision, tiffany. thank you very much. her mom did not think so. wish you could go on vacation like oprah, brad, and angelina? >> with them. >> will they pay for it? we'll show you some luxurious celebrity get-aways that we can dog's fleas and ticksg your is staring you right in the face. nexgard from the makers of frontline® plus it's the only chew that kills both fleas and american dog ticks. vets recommend it, and dogs, well they're begging for it. nexgard is for dogs only and hasn't been evaluated for use in pregnant, breeding or lactating dogs. reported side effects include vomiting, dry flaky skin, diarrhea, lethargy and lack of appetite. use with caution in dogs with a history of seizures. recommended by vets. loved by dogs. from the makers of frontline® plus. what does that first spoonful taste likok. honey bunches of oats. ching! mmmm! mmmm! mmmm! wow! it's the oats. honey. yeah. honey bunches of oats. this is a great cereal. for better color.ip new colorsensational™ the buffs from maybelline, new york. only the truest flesh tone pigments for our most honest, naked look. precious oils for that sensuous feel. naked or nothing. new colorsensational™ the buffs maybe it's maybelline. 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[ male announcer ] ge. reimagining home. so have you ever flipped through a gossip magazine only to see pictures of celebrities like jay-z and beyonce or angelina vacationing at a luxurious resort? >> okay as long as you stay out of the elevators. you can stay in the same locations at a fraction of the price. jackie gifford is the senior editor at "travel magazine." you have some great get wai-awa. we always hear about palm springs. >> it's an easy escape from l.a. a quick drive. in the '50s, frank sinatra might go with his rat pack. today you might see stars like leonardo dicaprio, katy perry, selena gomez and jared leto. we really love the sparrows hotel. it made the it list for 2014. >> it looks so cool. >> gorgeous place. rooms start at $150 a night. it's a redo of a former 1950s motolodge. completely re-imagined, rustic rooms. they have cool details like bathtubs fashioned out of horse troths. they have a no kids policy, but a salt water pool and a tennis court. >> no kids policy. i didn't think things like that existed. now moving to where kids of a different age have fun as well, miami florida. lenny kravitz, jay-z, beyonce all hit up miami. >> they love it for the night life. it's an amazing destination well. really like the gale hotel. it's one block from the ocean on collins avenue. you're really there for the night life. so downstairs is the rec room, a nightclub from amy sako. really cool vibe. '70s vibe. they have deejays spinning nightly. upstairs the cocktail club, a really popular locals hangout. a really cool speak easy vibe and famous for their cocktails. >> looks like a place you want to leave the kids home. >> definitely. >> next, martha's vineyard, a cool spot in massachusetts. seth meyers, jake gyllenhaal vacationing there. why do celebrities love this place? >> it's a beautiful island. beautiful beaches. and we really like the dock side inn. so rooms start at $129 a night in june. 21 fresh modern guest rooms. in the summertime, they offer really fun complimentary treats like ice cream. it's really close to the oak bluffs ferry terminals, so they have a beautiful wraparound porch where guests like to watch the boats come in and out. so martha's vineyard is lovely for its beaches, and just very chill, easy get-away. >> and that a little more family friendly, i would think. >> yes. >> got to get the kids on the famous carousel there. that's fun. let's go to montana. you don't often think celebrities there, but that's not the case. >> yeah, definitely. kate bosworth has been. justin timberlake and jessica biel. so it's a very -- it's a great place if you like the outdoors. so if you're into mountain biking and hiking and fishing. and a really interesting property is yellow stone under canvas. this is ten minutes from yellow stone national park and they offer a range of tent-style accommodations from deluxe safari tents to tepees. and the tepees start at $99 a night, but they're very stylish. they come with cots, sleeping bags, safari chairs, lanterns. it's a really great way to get back to nature, back to basics. the property has a restaurant. from there, during the day, you can go out hiking and fishing and mountain biking. >> that's fun. >> i like that. >> u.s. virgin islands, which a lot of people tend to forget about, but a lot of celebrities still go there. >> brangelina, martha stewart, kenny chesney, and oprah winfrey. there are three u.s. virgin islands. st. john, st. thomas and st. corey and you don't need a passport to get there. there's an adorable b & b called the bella vista b & b. four rooms in bright tropical colors. hardwood floors. rooms start at $195 a night in the summer. that includes a delicious breakfast. it also has a pool. it's close to megan's bay, one of st. thomas's most gorgeous beaches. very calm for swimming. so definitely keep that in mind for summer. >> fantastic. some great ideas. thanks so much. >> thank you. coming up next, first day on the job, first time meeting the parents. how should you dress? natalie and i are going to go head-to-head against tamron and willie in a fashion face-off. i don't even understand this. willie in a fashion face-off. i don't even understand this. number 1 of my 20 is for chacne. you know, chin acne. uh-huh. not to brag, but i have the chin of a teenager. here you go. dinges for everyone! when i get hangry anything within arm's reach could be part of my number 20. hm, this is potpourri. mmmm. the new amex everyday credit card, with no annual fee. it's not food. make 20 or more purchases in a monthly billing period, and earn 20% more rewards. and a coat. it's membership that rewards you for the things you already buy, everyday. what's your 20? like their crisp and fresh strawberry & avocado salad, make for a more invigorating afternoon. ♪ hey, look at them go. summer lunch combos -- under 600 calories and starting at just $6.99. at applebee's. it's not for colds, it's not for pain, it's just for sleep. because sleep is a beautiful thing™. ♪ zzzquil. the non-habit forming sleep aid from the makers of nyquil®. zzzquil. oh john don't wallow john iin ice cream.s over. i'm not wallowing in ice cream. it's the new dannon oikos greek frozen yogurt. half the fat of regular ice cream. it's so irresistibly thick and creamy! didn't expect you to be enjoying yourself so soon! couldn't resist, mmm! it's such a good source of protein too! no, i'm talking about this john, already?! that was mine. hi mom. hi sweety. try the new dannon oikos greek frozen yogurt. ♪ dannon. blur flaws away. new garnier 5-second blur. our 1st instant smoother with light reflectors. it blurs away lines, mattifies shine, and reduces pores. for a complete smooth finish... why wait? new garnier 5-second blur. birdhouse plans. nacho pans. glass on floors. daily chores. for the little mishaps you feel use neosporin to help you heal. it kills germs so you heal four days faster. neosporin. use with band-aid brand bandages. ♪'cause in a sky full of stars, ♪ i think i saw you. ♪ ♪ it's such a heavenly view. there's only one place to get more coldplay. it's time for a fashion face-off for the ages. tamron and i are about to throw down against those two. to see who has the best fashion sense. >> all right, here to make the call, liliana vazquez. good morning. >> good morning. i hope you guys are ready for this. >> three different scenarios, right? first day on the job. first date. and then meeting the in-laws for the first time, is that right? >> exactly. we have clothes, shoes, accessories. be careful, we have planted mines on those racks. not everything is situation appropriate. don't be scared. >> so we're putting 30 seconds on the clock for each one. let's do the first one. we have the clock up. >> ready? okay. first day on the job, right? >> kimberly and lauren. >> appropriate. nothing too short. nothing too scandalous. accessories. >> i got you. >> we need help. >> okay, guys. >> do i zip you up or is that inappropriate? it feels inappropriate. >> get her shoes. >> there we go. okay, time's up. >> this is tough. >> i'm going to have to give this one i think to team tamron and willie because she's actually dressed. and she even has a bag. and she looks fantastic with the shoes. great outfit. >> sorry about that. >> you look great. >> this is all about the first date. 30 seconds on the clock. are you guys ready? oh, let's go. 30 seconds on the clock. first date. nothing too revealing. we want sexy, but sophisticated. i like that choice, natalie. nice. this is cute. this is cute. i like that you guys divide and conquer. this is good strategy. cute dresses from t.j.maxx. i love these dresses. a little maggie london. can we get that shoe on her? i love that you go for the accessories. this is cute. you want a little help zipping? zip you up. let's pull this down. >> okay. um -- come on, get the shoe on. okay. i think again, to willie and tamron. >> go, girl. go get that man. >> you're going to get next one. >> it's not enough time. >> it's not enough time, i know. last one. i have a feeling this is all you. >> okay, meeting the in-laws. 30 seconds on the clock. okay, go! >> go, go, go. >> meeting the in-laws. like a cute little necklace. let's get a cute bag for her. a little bag. let's get her some flats. get her in flats. >> these are a little ripped. >> easy shoes to get in on. that's a good point. those are from zappos. great jewelry from charming charlie's. cute. you guys might be twins. oh yeah, that's cute. fabulous. don't step on that. hangers. >> okay, guys. time's almost up. >> oh. oh. >> okay. purely because i like this outfit better, i'm giving it to al and natalie. >> it's not a complete skunk. >> all right. so i think the winner of this fashion face-off is going to go to team tamron and willie. a fabulous fashionable prize for you guys. here you are. it's a microphone trophy. >> and what's the tie-in to fashion with the microphone. no tie-in. >> it's what we had in the prop department. >> i will cherish it always. >> you look beautiful. >> thanks for playing along with us, ladies. >> you guys did such a good job. i like the dividing and conquering. >> it was all tamron. >> liliana vazquez, thanks so much. thanks to all of our models. >> this will look good in your office. >> we're back in a moment. this is "today" on nbc. 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[ water crashing ] ...it fills you with energy... and it gives you what you are looking for to live a more natural life. in a convenient two bar pack. this is nature valley... delicious granola bars made with the best ingredients in nature. nature valley. nature at its most delicious. time for the big show, ladies. what do you got? >> as they like to believe. >> you know what? we brought cleaning tips, coming up. it's big. it's big. >> wow. >> we're also talking about hollywood's next generation is here. >> gia coppola and valjack kilm val kilmer's son. >> and you're going to play who knew. >> and paws for chicago. >> it's a great organization. >> and we're going to have an update on the smackdown i h well, good morning, everyone. 9:56. i'm scott mcgrew. an update to news we brought you 30 minutes ago. a high school in richmond was in lockdown after a shooting near campus. the drive-by shooting happened near john f. kennedy high, just before 9:00 this morning. this is near the intersection of south 41st street and cutting boulevard. a student was shot in the leg. we are now told he is in the hospital with a serious injury. no other injuries reported. unfortunately, no suspect information available at this time. police say there's no current threat to the school or students or staff on campus. we do have a crew headed to the scene and you can see, we have a helicopter there. we'll bring you more information as it comes into our newsroom. let's check your very hot forecast with christina. good morning >> good morning to you, although it doesn't feel like morning out there. we're already in the 70s, on our way to the upper 90s today in the south bay. 96 for the peninsula. 88 degrees in san francisco. meanwhile, about 98 degrees, very warm today in the tri-valley, and 97 in wine country. hottest day of 2014, as we head into tomorrow, a little bit of cooling, and then we really kick in that cooling. heat will simmer over the weekend. we'll show you what that means. after all, about that time to start thinking about the weekend. here's your drive with mike inouye. >> we're just seeing now traffic actually start to break apart, a little bit here northbound, the 101 just north of 680. look at this entire stretch of the bay shore freeway on our maps. jammed traffic for the entire stretch. that's not a good map at all. well, we'll just get back to another live picture as i tell you what was going on, and i'll smack the computer. we are looking at a slower drive from northbound 101 from hellier past this shot. this is the last of your big, big slowdowns for the south bay. but it ripples back to northbound. still slow approaching the bay bridge toll plaza. >> we'll try to find out what happened to the city of san francisco on the maps coming up in a half an hour. the answer to treating your dog's fleas and ticks is staring you right in the face. nexgard from the makers of frontline® plus it's the only chew that kills both fleas and american dog ticks. vets recommend it, and dogs, well they're begging for it. nexgard is for dogs only and hasn't been evaluated for use in pregnant, breeding or lactating dogs. reported side effects include vomiting, dry flaky skin, diarrhea, lethargy and lack of appetite. use with caution in dogs with a history of seizures. recommended by vets. loved by dogs. from the makers of frontline® plus. >> announcer: from nbc news, this is "today" with kathie lee gifford and hoda kotb live from studio 1a in rockefeller plaza. >> hello, everybody, and that means you. it's winesday wednesday, may 14th. delighted that you're joining us today. what's up, hodi? >> hey, we have an update on a show that we gave you yesterday. you guys, if you saw our program yesterday, you couldn't have missed this. kathie lee and real estate guru barbara corcoran had this -- >> smackdown. >> this was awful, okay? they were each making over homes, and it got nasty. so i don't know what clip we have, but let's just take a little sneak peek of what happened yesterday. >> more than $10,000. >> about $35,000. at least i'm honest about what i say. >> i was told we could spend $10,000! >> that's kathie lee's house. >> i spent $10,000. because it was $10,000. not $35,000. >> definitely the wraparound porch. >> bad idea. mine is much neisser and neater, much better. >> more expensive. >> exactly. so one for barbara. >> yeah. hoda got involved. let's put it that way. >> i was just -- i was an innocent bystander while those two -- by the way, it just escalated. and it was tense on the set. it wasn't like a normal segment. we could feel it. so anyway, we decided we'd ask the viewers what they thought. and people really chimed in with facebook comments. okay. jan lang said, i'm sorry, but kathie was the automatic winner this morning on the redos of yards. christina taylor said kathie lee has much better taste in updating homes. jennifer rich said, i enjoyed the segment with barbara. it made me literally laugh out loud. and there were other comments that you can see for yourself on our facebook page that we didn't cherry pick. >> one person thought barbara should be sent to the big house. >> all right. so we decided -- we wanted to ask people whose house did you like better, kathie lee's or barbara's? here are the voting results. most of you thought that kathie lee's was better here. >> and i didn't spend $35,000. >> house number two, people voted for barbara's. >> yep, because she spent tons more money. >> kathie lee won number three hands down. >> isn't that cute? >> there you have it. >> what did she say, it looked like hansel and getle lived there? what did she say to me at the end, stay out of my pool -- >> stay out of my ballpark. and then she wasn't speaking much after it was over. >> frank and i, in the 28 years we've been married, have done almost 30 either real estate transactions, because we like to buy and fix and sell, or -- and well over that in terms of renovations. it's not something i make a living at, but it's something i enjoy. so thank you very much, everybody. >> all right. so there. anyway, we want to update you on a very important story. >> but i just want you to know, the next time we're doing this, it's with you and me. now, go on to the next story, hod. >> anyhoo. we have an update on the jay-z beyonce solange battle in the elevator. >> that was a smackdown. >> that was a smackdown. we have new information that's not been confirmed through anyone, but we got it from various papers. okay. anyway, the "new york daily news" claims that the brawl started because jay-z wanted to go to an after-party with rihanna with rihanna's people, and beyonce was not going to go. so i guess solange said to jay-z, why don't you just go home? and then explosion. now, there's another report that says earlier at the met ball, solange had a group of friends who were there uninvited who kept dropping jay-z's name. >> when they got to the after-party, i think. >> jay-z's, like, i don't know you. >> i don't blame him for that. you know, the good thing in life is to learn, don't go to parties you're not invited to. it never ends well. >> you try to sneak in, and it's terrible. >> it's so embarrassing. loser. >> but beyonce seemed to extend the olive branch on her instagram page, on her feed, she put old pictures of her and her sister, solange. just old pictures of them hanging out. she didn't put any comments. just posted photos. so fans started posting their own comments, blood is thicker than water. >> i'm so confused. >> a sister's bond cannot be broken. where were you when she was beating up your husband in an elevator? anyway. >> this is what we always have to say. we here at nbc reached out to the couple and solange for comment. >> what happened? >> guess what? >> nobody called us back. >> no. >> all right. so jimmy fallon, his show is on fire. and we do hear that our names came up again on his show. so let's see what he had to say this time. >> you know how they've been saying for years that drinking a glass of red wine every day is supposed to be good for you? not anymore. now they say a glass of red wine has no health benefits. kathie lee and hoda were, like, duh, you've got to drink the whole box. >> duh. >> you do. >> that is, like, so funny. okay. so if you've ever watched -- been watching your local news, you know how sometimes they interrupt your program that you're really into because there happens to be breaking news. there's a tornado or a storm or some breaking crime news, whatever. well, it happened in sioux falls, south dakota, and they had to break in because there were tornadoes coming. >> which is a serious, serious thing. >> well, there was a show that happened to be on at the time, "once upon a time." it was the finale, and everyone was all amped -- >> they're all expecting something from "frozen." >> "frozen" thing was happening. ♪ let it go, let it go >> they said be careful, there are tornadoes coming. and the viewers are livid. >> they don't want to live. they just want to see the show. >> the local anchor was very upset. her name is shawn cable. that's not her name. >> that's her co-anchor. shawn cable posted the clip on youtube. >> let's watch it. >> okay. >> i felt bad for having to interrupt folks' tv show, but i tell you what -- >> i tell you what, quit calling and ripping shawn for being on the air to save people's lives. that is proof right there that they heard it on kssy. no show is as important as someone's life. you aren't going to go on the air if it's not important. >> absolutely. >> and people just berated our station for him being on the air. but i tell you what, if it was your home and your neighbors, you would feel differently. so please, please don't do that. that's not nice. >> i like her. >> wow! she just went for it. >> i want her to have a smackdown with barbara, too. let's get the two of them in an elevator and see what happens. >> they did say that there was, i guess, a tornado did touchdown. >> yes. yes, it did. >> anyway. >> it would have been all right -- sort of like donald sterling. you've just got to stop. >> you know what it is? >> you know, it got worse. >> well, it's all about tone. i think she had a point. >> she had a great point. >> just say look, here's the thing. we have to interrupt programming. but what they could also do and many shows do, you lead the show on and you do a squeeze box so you can see in the other box. >> scroll along the bottom. >> or scroll. there are other options. >> but you know what i think she was doing? >> venting? >> no. i think she really was standing up for her friend because he got all the brunt of it because he was the face of the announcement. >> yes. >> she was doing what i would do for you, hoda. not the other way around. >> what are you talking about? >> as we saw your true colors yesterday. >> with what? >> with barbara corcoran. >> no, i launched a couple of innocent grenades. i just wanted to see -- >> a fire bomb happened when you put fire on the fire. >> last night, we have to get to this because it's so good, "the voice" was on, and they eliminated two of the five. so there are only three standing. so the two who made it were the kid with the cowboy hat. >> okay? >> okay? >> really? >> yes. and the other guy who you love so much who looks like jack from -- >> josh. >> the one who looks like jack osbourne. okay. so anyway. i like how we do our own show. >> allegedly. what do you want? >> here are the bottom three, and we're going to play them and you're going to guess who was saved by twitter. >> okay. ♪ blown away ♪ ♪ every brick ♪ every bone ♪ every second all blown away ♪ why ♪ why you got to be so blind ♪ won't you open up your eyes ♪ it's just a matter of time ♪ till you find ♪ not got me ten feet off the ground ♪ >> okay. those three, kathie. i saw it, so i have to confess, but who would you choose? >> you mean you're telling the truth? >> wow! i saw it. >> i think i would have saved -- i think i would have saved the last girl. >> yeah. you would be in agreement with the other folks from twitter. but here's something interesting. her name's christina. good for her. she's very talented. i thought she was going to be one of the first couple picked. they said that justin bieber tweeted, you know, let's save this girl. let's save christine. in order to save someone on twitter, you just have to retweet it. so he's got a gazillion followers. so all you does is have everyone tweet and then retweets. i think she should be because i think she's terrific. >> of the other two, you liked -- >> i like the ones they picked. >> when you get down to the last five, they're great singers. >> i know. >> hopefully they'll all have careers of some sort in the music business. >> we were talking about this, it's surprising that a twitter save saved the last one. i wonder who was the third one in terms of votes. >> i don't know. >> well, i care. shakira doesn't have any singers left, so she just sits there now and watches. >> is she the only one? >> everybody else has one. >> and you're just going to have to get over it. if i can get over barbara corcoran, you can get over that. >> you're still not over it. >> the finals start next monday. maybe you haven't seen this yet. it's cute. it's a mother/son wedding dance. >> we usually see brides with their dads, but now we get to see a groom with his mom, so let's take a look at this one. ♪ the season ♪ [ playing michael jackson's "billie jean ♪ ♪ thriller >> look at mom. wow! ♪ ♪ jump on it >> mom is hot. mom is adorable. >> julia and wes ryan. >> from san antonio. >> i imagine them practicing. come on, mom, let's do it again. >> they were apart. they had to do it that way. >> great. anyway, that was great. ryan said it was all his mom's idea. >> she looks like a fun mom. i wish my children thought i was fun. >> they do. they do. all right. alec baldwin was arrested yesterday. >> stop it! >> yes, he was. he was riding his bike. >> wrong way on fifth avenue. you can't do that. >> he was arrested because he didn't have i.d. he didn't have it. they say he got belligerent. a photographer from "intouch weekly." >> happened to be there. >> how convenient. anyway, he was charged with disorderly conduct and has to go to court in july. he was mad. and he tweeted something. he tweeted this. "new york city is a mismanaged carnival of stupidity that is desperate for revenue and anxious to criminalize behavior once thought benign." >> he also tweeted the name and badge number of the female officer who arrested him, but he gave the wrong last name. >> but he has a habit of tweeting out -- like remember when he got -- >> he has to vent. >> he got into a tussle with a barista at starbucks and upset with a flight attendant because she told him to turn off his game and he tweeted out her. tweeting everyone. i just want to give a big thank-you to the north shore and the katz institute for women's health. i went yesterday. >> i know. hodi gave a speech. >> i took a picture of all your fans. >> wow! you never rest. you're crazy. >> a great bunch of people. a quick shout-out to all the lovely ladies and gentlemen who were at this event. thank you. >> you know where i get to go today? >> where? >> i get to go spend an hour and a half with dolly parton. sirius radio. >> have fun. >> maybe you can come over with me. >> okay. their faces may be new to you, but their names have been famous in hollywood for decades. >> from the movie "palo alto," gia coppola and jack kilmer. sound hey, this is where we grow the mustard seed that makes french's yellow mustard. 100% natural from me to you. with 40% more free, there's more to love. french's. naturally amazing. their type 2 diabetes... ...with non-insulin victoza. for a while, i took a pill to lower my blood sugar, but it didn't get me to my goal. so i asked my doctor about victoza. he said victoza works differently than pills, and it comes in a pen. and the needle is thin. victoza is an injectable prescription medicine that may improve blood sugar in adults with type 2 diabetes when used with diet and exercise. it is not recommended as the first medication to treat diabetes and should not be used in people with type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis. victoza has not been studied with mealtime insulin. victoza is not insulin. do not take victoza if you have a personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2, or if you are allergic to victoza or any of its ingredients. symptoms of a serious allergic reaction may include swelling of face, lips, tongue or throat, fainting or dizziness, very rapid heartbeat, problems breathing or swallowing, severe rash or itching. tell your doctor if you get a lump or swelling in your neck. serious side effects may happen in people who take victoza including inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) which may be fatal. stop taking victoza and call your doctor right away if you have signs of pancreatitis, such as severe pain that will not go away in your abdomen or from your abdomen to your back, with or without vomiting. tell your doctor about all the medicines you take and if you have any medical conditions. taking victoza with a sulfonylurea or insulin may cause low blood sugar. the most common side effects are nausea, diarrhea, and headache. some side effects can lead to dehydration, which may cause kidney problems. if your pill isn't giving you the control you need... ask your doctor about non-insulin victoza. it's covered by most health plans. talk about talent running in the family. the new movie "palo alto" features a new generation of hollywood faces whose names should sound familiar to you. >> it's directed by gia coppola, granddaughter of legendary director francis ford coppola and niece of sofia coppola. a lot of coppolas out there, and they're all talented. it stars jack kilmer, son of val kilmer. >> jack plays teddy trying to navigate all the angst and awkward crushes that come with being a teen. take a look. >> you're crazy. >> no, i'm not. >> yeah, you are. >> why do you say that? >> because you just don't care about anything. >> i wish i didn't care about anything. but i do care. i care about everything too much. >> what do you mean? >> whatever, teddy. i think you're the one who doesn't care, not me. >> what do you mean? i care about you. >> hello. >> hi, guys. welcome. what's it like -- are you comfortable watching yourself? this is your first acting job, right? >> yeah, yeah. >> and your first directing job. how do you feel? is it awkward? tell us the truth. >> it is a bit awkward. the first time i saw it, it was kind of like a little more paralyzing, the fear. but then, like, i guess after the third time, it really kind of, like, i was able to, like, attach, like, detach myself from -- i don't know. it was, like, not be embarrassed and actually enjoy the film, which was really cool. >> do you try to get the actors into character? he's a young man, 18 years old, but how did you get them in the head space you needed them in to hit the point? >> we just were a really small film and it felt like we were all collaborating and working together. 17, his senior year of high school, so he was a real teenager. >> did you make him do, like, writing exercises? >> we did the rehearsal period for, like, a week. we just really played games and got to know each other. it was really fun. >> james franco is very much involved. the whole thing is based on short stories that he wrote. he plays a coach. >> yes. >> in this. but how did he choose you to be the director, and how did you choose jack in it? because you never directed, and you've never acted. so tell that little story. please. >> i met james in a very, like, by chance kind of random way. >> don't we all? everybody meets james that way. >> yeah. but i had just finished college as a photography major, and i sent him my photograph. he was looking for a director for his movie. >> had had you do a little test, right? 45-minute test? >> i did a test after i did separate screenplays. i did it with my friends, and i got to, like, figure out what was working and not working. >> wow, it just runs in the family. >> no kidding. so you took short stories that he did. and did you pick and choose the ones you wanted, or did he say to you, these are the ones i'd like for you to run with? >> no, he just said pick what you're drawn to, and he gave me a lot of liberty but was very supportive at the same time. >> we don't have much time, but i'd love to know what your grandfather said about the film and what your mom and dad said to you. did your dad see it yet? >> yes, he saw it. he really enjoyed it. he's always supported it. >> did he give you tips or did he say, son, you're doing it right? >> he just told me to, like -- he's just, like, breathe. >> that helps. >> tell the truth. >> good. >> has your grandfather seen it? >> yeah, my family's super excited. >> well, you guys are well, well on your way. congratulations. we're happy for you. "palo alto" is in select theaters right now. we're celebrating graduation with a fun game called "who knew?" and how to finally get that mildew out of your bathroom. i'm so excited about that one. >> counting seconds. we're going to be cleaning shortcuts after this. the day we rescued riley was a truly amazing day. he was a matted mess in a small cage. so that was our first task, was getting him to wellness. without angie's list, i don't know if we could have found all the services we needed for our riley. from contractors and doctors to dog sitters and landscapers, you can find it all on angie's list. we found riley at the shelter, and found everything he needed at angie's list. join today at angieslist.com for better color.ip new colorsensational™ the buffs from maybelline, new york. only the truest flesh tone pigments for our most honest, naked look. precious oils for that sensuous feel. naked or nothing. new colorsensational™ the buffs maybe it's maybelline. soof our new bush's bakednk beans video game? i think i'm getting the hang of it. okay, now pick up the specially cured bacon! hit it with the brown sugar! now roll that beautiful bean footage! yes! bush's baked beans are slow-cooked according to our secret family recipe for a big flavor. high score! you get to put your name on the wall of fame! whoa! game over . . . aww, you're no fun. enjoy bush's baked beans. still made from our secret family recipe. it's college graduation season, so why not put those degrees to good use with a game of "who knew?" >> here is the question to get you started. what was the name of the college in "animal house"? very important. was it farnsworth college? faber college? "c," fieldstein college, or "d," fellows college? >> you know who i was talking about that with yesterday? >> who? >> patricia heaton was doing my podcast. and she said the same thing, that that was a good frat kind of a movie. they've gotten so, so raunchy now. by the way, her new movie, i love it, you guys! it's so fun. it's called "mom's night out." >> "mom's night out." >> it's a great pg-rated, take your family to see it. >> go. >> and colace® capsules, for comfortable relief from occasional constipation, announces the $50,000 spa wellness give-away. couldn't you use a spa visit colacespa.com to win weekly! they have more time to travel back in time. try new children's zyrtec® dissolve tabs. children's zyrtec® is clinically proven to relieve kids' allergy symptoms for a full 24 hours. new children's zyrtec® dissolve tabs. good morning, everyone. 10:26. i'm scott mcgrew. a high school in richmond no longer on lockdown after a shooting the near campus. the drive-by shooting happened near john f. kennedy high, just before 9:00 this morning. this is near the intersection of south 41st street and cutting boulevard. a 14-year-old student was shot in the leg. we're told that he is expected to survive. no other injuries reported and there is no suspect information available at this time. police say there is no current threat to the school or students or staff on campus. we have a crew at the scene. we will update you during our next newscast at 11:00. we'll take a look at weather and traffic coming up after the break. welcome back now. we have a really hot day shaping up. you can see, nice, clear sky over sunol. the heat is on, and we're on our way to about 97 degrees in the south bay, 98 degrees in the east bay today, 97 in the north bay, and even san francisco getting very warm at about 88 degrees. so today will officially be the warmest day of 2014. as we head into tomorrow, just a touch cooler, and then, that heat's really going to simmer as we get into this weekend. we'll show you your seven-day forecast today at 11:00. right now, let's check your drive and say good morning to mike inouye. >> good morning and a better morning. a little better for 101. this live shot does show traffic jamming up north of 680. that entire stretch of roadway from capital expressway up past sjc, just starting to come above, about 25 miles per houring on average. our friend willy, he called him and said, is the northbound side as bad as i think it is? no, it's worse. jammed the entire stretch. northbound 237 also slow. same with southbound 880. late slowing coming out and the rest of the bay a lot better. >> more local news coming up in a half hour at 11:00. see you then. we are back with more of "today" on this winesday wednesday, ready to play our weekly trivia game we like to call "who knew" because that's what it is and because it's the season for college graduations. we're about to test your knowledge of fun collegiate facts. hoda has been sweet enough because of my knee to go across the street ready to hand out 100 bucks to anyone who gets the answers right because she feels guilty because she was so awful to me yesterday with barbara corcoran. and to those who don't, they get one of my fantastic, unbelievable cds. yes. so here to help me is kat cohen, ceo and founder of the education consulting company called ivy wise. nice to see you, sweetie. before the break we asked this question. what was the name of the college in the movie "animal house"? farnsworth? faber? fieldstein or fellows college? kat, what's the answer? >> faber college. the screenplay was based on short stories written by chris miller that were published in "national lampoon" magazine. those stories were based on his fraternity experiences at dartmouth college. >> at dartmouth. amateurs compared to kids these days, right? okay. all right, hoda. if that's your real name. >> it is my real name. are you ready? where are you graduating from? >> bank street college of education on the upper west side. >> so she's very smart. here's the first question. which country superstar graduated from east tennessee state university with a degree in advertising? shania twine? "b," blake shelton? "c," kenny chesney or "d," faith hill? >> can i see those again? >> uh-huh. >> i'm going to go with -- blake shelton. >> blake shelton. >> oh, what a bummer. she gets a kathie lee cd. >> if you're trying to make up to me, hoda, it's not working. okay. what's the real answer? >> it's kenny chesney. and he was actually part of a blue grass program at school. and he self-released a demo album a year before he graduated. >> wow. he is talented. very talented guy. okay, hoda. >> another graduate. what's your name and where you from? >> brianna, and i'm from millersville university in pennsylvania. >> see all the smart people here? second question, more than half of full-time undergraduates will complete their four-year degrees in how much time? >> i'm going to say "b," four years. >> oh! >> stop it, stop it. >> what is the correct answer? >> the correct answer -- yeah. it's actually six years. and according to the department of education, fewer than 40% of full-time first-time undergraduates starting a four-year degree will graduate within four years. and it's actually almost 60% who graduate in six years. >> okay, i think we'll go back to hoda but not if she continues with her may habehavior. >> by the way, this girl graduated from 3 1/2 years. >> i'm alyssa and i went to allegheny college. >> which celebrity did not get into georgetown university as a freshman but was later accepted as a transfer student? michael jordan? ashley judd? bradley cooper? or wanda sykes? >> i want to say ashley judd. >> you may want to say it, but she's wrong. >> well, the answer is actually bradley cooper. who went on to graduate with honors from georgetown university where he became fluent in french. >> he sure did. >> and he later went on to get his msa in acting in new york. >> i love it when he speaks french. okay. all right, hoda. >> all right, let's see if we can give away some money. where are you from? what's your name? >> kalisha from south carolina. >> the members of hootie & the blowfish met while students at the university of south carolina. finish this lyric to one of their biggest hits. ♪ hold my hand ♪ wanna be because >> you can't hear it. >> yes. we're rocking out to it. ♪ we can't hear it ♪ hold my hand ♪ wanna be because ♪ hold my hand ♪ and i want thna be with you ♪ ♪ i'm gonna love you ♪ the best that, the best that i can ♪ >> i'm gonna kill her. i really am. what's the lyric? >> the lyric is i want to best that, the best that i can. it's a great story because mark bryan overheard darrius rucker singing in the shower at the dorm that she shared. and that's how they got started. so many bands have actually met in college. the doors started at ucla and dave matthews band and public enemy just to name a few. >> thanks to you and thanks to hoda. >> okay. they love your cd. >> right. talking about "who knew" how to remove pen ink from your favorite leather purse. that is important right after this. 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[ imitates monkey ] stop stalling. cascade platinum fights cloudy residue 3x better than the competing gel and helps keep your dishwasher sparkling. cascade platinum. and helps keep your dishwasher sparkling. guy from tv-slash-steak eater-slash-steak lover. i want a cut that's tender, that's juicy and that's aged just right. and that's exactly what i have with these all-natural steaks from walmart. and here's a tip to serve 'em up right - steaks, like kids, need naptime. i'm totally serious. after grilling, give your steaks a 10-minute nap before slicing and every bite will taste like a dream. get out there and throw one on the grill today! try all-natural steaks from walmart today. they're 100% guaranteed or your money back. are you tired of spending half your weekend cleaning up pet hair or scrubbing the bathroom tiles? >> well, we're about to make your life a whole lot easier with tips to get you outside enjoying the spring weather in no time. >> bruce has an entire book of them. it's called "who knew? household shortcuts." >> by the way, we're suing you, but anyway. >> thanks for that. plaintiff meet defendant. let's talk about getting rid of water stains on wood, okay? so if you would dab this. you know what happens if you don't use a coaster, this is what happens. now, if one of you would take this rag and just rub over that. you saw that water stain. >> yeah. >> put a little elbow grease in there. look at that. >> takes it right out. >> it is gone. this is also great for -- >> i don't like this. i am a little -- >> you're going to make someone very happy one day. very nice. this is great for crayon stains, too. on walls. >> that's good to know. >> also if your kids get gum in their hair. you can use mayonnaise. let's talk also about wood stains. if you've got nail polish, you might want to use remover but you don't because it will take off the stain. >> what is this stuff? >> hair spray. >> why am i doing all the work? >> because you're standing there. you've got to give a little more rough and tough. >> okay, not working. >> trust me. >> get hoda in her with her michelle obama guns here, and let's see this happen right now. >> oh, my word. >> in about five minutes, this will be gone, okay? >> yeah, hod. keep going. five minutes. >> if you've got mother's day flowers, you want to spray this underneath the petals or any flowers, cut flowers, this will keep them for about a week longer. how to keep your flowers fresh. >> underneath them. >> underneath them. >> are you going to write on that? >> i'm going to write on this with pen. again, hair spray. >> are you kidding? oh, my gosh. >> it's great on the shinier kind of leather. if it's distressed, it doesn't really work, but look at that. and believe me, this is going to work in a couple of minutes. >> who knew? >> let's talk about smells in your house. if you would take some of that vanilla extract, take some of these balls and put the vanilla with the gotton ball. >> dunk them in? >> dunk them in there, please, if you would and put them in our vacuum cleaner bag. >> wet like that? >> what's going to happen is, we're going to put this on. if we can. and now when we turn this on, you are going to smell -- how do you turn it on? can you smell the vanilla coming out? >> if we get our nose down there, maybe. >> yeah. >> right? so think about this. now when you're cleaning your house, right? it's like the illusion of baking. you've been baking all day and really you're just cleaning. >> i'm taking your word for it. i've got allergies. do you smell it? >> yes. can you put any sort of a scent in there? >> any sort of scented oil. as you clean the house, you will be -- >> oh, my gosh. i like it. what now? >> we are spraying some fabric softener and water, about one-third fabric softener and water. on pet hair. this is the worst thing to vacuum up. this will eliminate the static electricity. >> let's do that same thing again. >> my thing again here. >> do you let it dry all the way before you vacuum it? >> about a minute or so. all you have to do now, it will come right up, okay? >> yeah. >> so think about, right? how about that? that's just fabric softener. fabric softener, the sheets, get rid of stinkbugs. you know those disgusting stinkbugs? >> no. >> you don't know what stinkbugs are? god's most disgusting creature. if you put screens on inside and out, most of the stinkbugs will not come in. that is a tip for everyone. >> who knew? let's go here. what is that? >> let's talk about these bleach pens that are so popular. these are great. you know what they're best for? >> what? >> you just put this on your grout in the bathroom. you don't have to do anything else. in about an hour, it will all be gone. >> joanne. grout in her bathroom. >> disgusting bathroom in her house. >> formerly disgusting bathroom. now look how beautiful. >> that's great. >> it works. >> genius. by the way, all great ideas. >> who knew? >> who knew? >> thanks a lot. >> go to klgandhoda.com. how one incredible woman got thousands of pets out of shelters and into loving homes. >> how you can take one to your home right after this. look. aww! oh john don't wallow john iin ice cream.s over. i'm not wallowing in ice cream. it's the new dannon oikos greek frozen yogurt. half the fat of regular ice cream. it's so irresistibly thick and creamy! didn't expect you to be enjoying yourself so soon! couldn't resist, mmm! it's such a good source of protein too! no, i'm talking about this john, already?! that was mine. hi mom. hi sweety. try the new dannon oikos greek frozen yogurt. ♪ dannon. >> announcer: amazing women on today is brought to you by cetaphil skin care. the gentle power achieves amazing results. we're back and we're highlighting an amazing woman making a powerful difference in a gentle way. >> chicago entrepreneur paula was shocked to learn tens of thousands of homeless pets were being euthanized in her own city every year, so she decided to do something about it. >> reporter: in 1997, paula took a handful of pets from chicago's city pound and paraded them up and down the city's busiest shopping district to raise awareness and find safe homes for them. ten years later, paws chicago opened its doors. its mission was to stop euthanizing homeless pets within the city. today that shelter is the largest no-kill organization in e midwest. and at paws chicago, the animals are able to live in rooms instead of cages with music playing throughout the building. and since its inception, the number of homeless pets euthanized in the city has declined by nearly 70%. and paula has united more than 31,000 cats and dogs with new families. >> i pick him! >> reporter: including this little guy, my best friend, blake. >> so now he's your best friend. great. we're having a good day here. >> paula's here along with a few of her friends. >> she brought some friends. hi, paula. >> congratulations. >> thank you. >> 31,000? >> yes, and that's just since we opened our adoption center in '07. >> were you shocked when you learned the numbers? >> absolutely. i love animals. and if i don't know, think of all the americans who have no clue what happens to animals. >> are you finding it more and more because people are in tough economic times, they just cannot care for them because of the expense of a pet? >> yes. it has gotten much worse, but i will say because there's more awareness now, people are rallying and getting involved. and that was really why we started paws chicago, was to engage the community and solve the problem. >> and it's a unique facility, isn't it. tell us what makes it different from some of the other places. >> we have a whole comprehensive no-kill model, so it is the adoption center where the animals are not in cages. they're in rooms. they're given walks. they're given full medical treatment at our medical center which is separate from our adoption center. and then they get a guarantee. so any animal that's adopted out, god forbid something happens, we always will take the animal back and it will not be killed. >> you want to see this happen in every major city. >> yes. we're working with shelters all across the country to train and teach them and also with donors. if you live in a community and you want to know, you know, they say they're no-kill, but what should they be doing to really know these animals are protected? so we help the public and other shelters. >> and these guys that we have here -- >> bonnie & clyde. >> bonnie & clyde. so cute. >> and they're up for adoption? >> they are. and they're from a shelter on long island. >> somebody should take both so they're not separated. >> how about this guy who's shredding our cards? >> this little one, oh, my gosh, from a shelter, a little terrier. adorable. rin tin tin. just adorable. >> yes. >> what were you doing before this? >> well, my husband and i started a small community bank, and we grew the company from 15 employees to 1,100. we became the largest community bank in illinois. and then we sold it a year ago. but during the time we were growing our company, we found out about what was happening to anima animals. and we actually used some of the facilities in our company to do adoption events, to house animals because we just started from scratch. and then we started getting volunteers. and we really realized that you can leverage, you solve problems in a business, you can solve problems in the nonprofit world. and that was really what this is about, solutions. and this is a solvable problem. >> so if people are experiencing problems around the country, they can get in touch with you and you'd be happy to help them? >> absolutely. to develop the no-kill model. >> what about the little kitty? >> this one's from chicago. oh, the best kitty, argo, available for adoption. >> so everybody in the nation contact chicago paws, right? >> paws chicago. >> paws chicago. >> also if you want to look into these guys, go to our website, klgandhoda.com for more information. >> and if you know an amazing woman like paula who's making a powerful difference in a gentle way, we want to hear about it together with our sponsor, cetaphil, we are hosting a contest called "gentle yet powerful." go to klgandhoda.com to nominate someone you know and we're going to select a winner to join us right here next month. and while we're talking about adorable pets, wait until you see these. >> more of those fun videos you send us. but first, this is "today" on nbc. we want to let you know that bruce was able to get all of that nail polish off that wood from earlier. it just took a little bit more elbow grease. >> before and go. >> after. all done. >> nice. that's a new piece of wood. no. >> pretty useless, but it's good now. time to take a look at your adorable pets doing some pretty cool tricks. >> we asked us to send us videos of your perfect pooches or fearless felines and you did. >> if you want to put a smile on your face, take a look at this. >> hello. hello. dance. ♪ >> come on. close the door. ♪ stay. stay. jump. ♪ >> hello. hello. good boy. now say i love you. i love you. >> i love you, hodi. >> oh, my gosh! >> i love you, hodi. >> all right. tomorrow, how to get something for nothing. >> plus we're going to bake up some dump cakes. don't ask. one of the easiest, most delicious desserts you're ever -- that just sounds awful. and how to turn your child into a college graduate. don't worry. i'll take care of this. by 12. have an awesome wednesday, winesday. i'm off to be with dolly parton. hoda's going to come with me and make up to me all day long. have an awesome day. see you all tomorrow. right now at 11:00, a bay area high school scare is over. police lift a lockdown at kennedy high school in richmond after a shooting near campus. a student was shot in the leg in a drive-by this morning. as he recovers, officers are trying to track down the shooter. good morning to you. thank you for joining us. i'm peggy bunker at 11:00. we have more on that story coming up. but let's begin now with a story that's impacting everyone across the bay area. that would be this microclimate weather alert. taking a look at some different hot spots here. san francisco, palo alto, and san jose, where we will be flirting with 100-degree temperatures. we'll have team coverage in place this morning, looking at this bay area
contain an outbreak. >> at least 20 workers at two hospitals in orlando are being monitored. >> officials doesn't know how many people may have been exposed and how many people have been infected with mers. >> near san diego firefighters move closer to full control of a wildfire that threatens thousands of homes. >> how the fire started remains under investigation. >> a horrifying mine disaster in turkey. more than 200 confirmed dead at least 100 more may be trapped inside. >> magic johnson firing back at donald sterling. >> i just feel sorry for him. it sad. >> meantime the clippers losing a heart breaker. >> let's take away replay. we got robbed. >> a frightening attack on a baltimore television station. a suspect rammed a stolen dump truck through the front of the building. >> another run-in with the law for pop star justin bieber. police say he tried to steal a young woman's cell phone monday night. >> drum roll please. the first image of ben affleck at batman. looking very buff. >> and a surprise for a texas woman, a 12-foot python chilling out by the toilet. >> some serious heat from karl rove. >> and comments about hillary clinton possibly having brain damage. >> this was not clever. this was karl rove running head long into a brick wall. >> alec baldwin arrested after he screamed at cops who caught him riding his bicycle down a new york street the wrong direction. >> he was screaming, kicking, cursing, or as beyonce's sister calls it going elevator on your [ bleep ]. welcome to "cbs this morning." good morning morenorah. good morning, charlie. >> there is a desperate rescue mission going on right now in turkey. an explosion in a coal mine killed well over 200 workers. crews are racing to rescue more inside. >> this happened about 100 miles south of istanbul. holly is in turkey waiting for word. >> reporter: good morning. rescue missions continue. but we don't know how many or if any of the trapped miners are still alive. the timing could not have been any worse. the mine was packed with more than 700 workers, as two teams changed shifts when an explosion in a power distribution unit a mile underground sparked a fire. more than 300 miners have been rescued, some of them critically injured. others have emerged unscathed, like these men who surfaced to a crowd desperate for good news but the turkish government said its hopes of finding more survivors are diminishing and it expects the death toll to rise. many of the dead were killed by carbon monoxide poisoning and 24 hours after the explosion, the fire is still burning with hundreds trapped underground, it's thought parts of the mine are filled with poisonous gas. outside the gates of the local hospital, families are waiting for news fearing that it will be of the very worst kind. my husband is still in the mine said this woman. i don't know what's happening. i haven't heard anything. mining accidents are common here in turkey and safety standards are low, but the scale of this disaster is already fueling public anger and that's been exacerbated by reports this morning that one of the dead miners was only 15 years old. >> holly, thanks. >> there are disturbing signs this morning that a deadly disease may be spreading from florida to other parts of the country. a mers patient in orlando appears to have affected at least two other people. >> the original patient waited in a busy emergency room for four hours and it took another eight hours before doctors moved him into isolation. dr. holly phillips says this case is now a priority at the centers for disease control. holly, this is serious. good morning. >> very much so. the cdc is now trying to track down around 100 popeople who may have overland with the infected patient. mers has already killed an estimated 145 people worldwide. now it's in the u.s. and health officials are taking it seriously. at this hospital in ororlando, florida, doctors say two hospital workers who were exposed to the patient with mers have shown worrisome symptoms and one has been hospitalized. as a precaution another 20 health care workers have been sent home and are being closely watched. >> they need to become very proficient with handling the mers virus. >> the infected patient departed from saudi arabia on may 1st. while traveling, he developed flu-like symptoms. a full week later he was admitted to the hospital in florida. the cdc has started posting these warnings at major airports explaining the possible mers risk to passengers. >> it has a very high mortality rate. about a third of the people who acquired this infection have died of it. >> reporter: this is the second case of the mers virus. concern of a possible outbreak has even reached the white house. >> the president has been briefed on this development. the cdc is taking the situation very seriously and working in close coordination with health authorities. >> once contracted, it takes five days to two weeks to become showing symptoms of mers. there's currently no cure or vaccine for the virus. >> thank you, holly. >> there appears a wildfire scare in san diego could be an early sign of big trouble to come. at one point tens of thousands of people were told they might need to leave their homes. that evacuation warning was called off a few hours later. carter evans is in san diego. good morning. >> reporter: good morning. and good morning to our viewers here in the west. it was gusty winds and high heat that fueled this fire. and while that's fairly common for this part of the country, what is not typical is the combination of these fires and high winds this early in the year. firefighters battled for hours to contain the flames that dotted hill top neighborhoods north of san diego. >> this is the san diego police department. we strongly recommend you evacuate your home. the fire is coming your ways. >> police evacuated about 5,000 homes. >> watch for a wind shift here. >> those wind shifts made it a challenging day for firefighter. >> we're going to get right in the middle of the smoke. >> some people stayed to keep watch over their homes and tried to help. >> you guys are pumping right out of the pool? >> right out of the pool. i have a pumping system. >> you're not supposed to be here. come on! >> officials say months of drought is left the landscape here parched and ripe for fire. >> these are incredibly difficult and dynamic emergencies to contain. >> reporter: crews were able to get the upper hand on this fire. >> very lucky, absolutely. >> reporter: fire officials say the worst of this emergency appears to have passed but with the conditions we're facing now, this could be a brutal fire service and the national weather service is predicting record high heat through the middle of this week. >> thank you so much. this morning the nba commissioner promises the league is trying to force donald sterling out as quickly as possible. and magic johnson says the los angeles clippers owner is quote, living in the stone ages. good morning. >> reporter: good morning. the donald sterling saga continues, as what was supposed to be his apology has back fired. magic johnson says he doesn't know why sterling is so fixated with him and that when it comes to his record, he says sterling has it all wrong. >> it is a shame that he doesn't know what he's talking about. >> reporter: magic johnson defended himself in an interview with cnn's anderson cooper after donald sterling blasted the nba legend the day before. >> magic johnson shouldn't have been included in your conversation because i have nothing do with this. but since you put me in it again and they you want to try to disrespect me of the work that i've done in the minority community, that really makes me upset. then my competitive spirit comes out because i've done all this great work. >> reporter: we've heard sterling first mention johnson in his taped audio recording. he was upset with this picture of his former girl friend v. stiviano. he doubled down on his disdain for johnson. >> what kind of guy goes to every city sleeps with every girl and that catches hiv specific that someone he want to tell our children about? what does he do for the black people in he doesn't do anything. >> reporter: he is known for his philanthropy in black communities. he's funded education programs and works to create jobs in inner city neighborhoods. >> i just wish he knew the facts when he's talking, but he's a man who is upset and he's reaching. he's reaching. he's trying to find something he can grab on to to help him save his team. >> magic johnson says he's praying for donald sterling but the notion he's trying to steel the clippers franchise from him is ridiculous. >> this notion that i'm going to steal his team if i'm going to trick somebody it won't be the l.a. clippers. >> and the nba met on tuesday to discuss the recent media comments by him and his wife shelley. the commissioner said his goal is to quickly terminate the ownership of donald sterling. >> good to see magic handle this with humor, despite being maligned so publicly. >> and should never have been involved in this at all, as he said. >> now to an update on the kidnapped nigerian school girls. a negotiator with the nigerian government says troops are searching two areas where boko haram is known to operate. a drone is now part of the search for the girls. nancy, good morning. >> reporter: good morning to you and our viewers in the west. there is a big debate going on here on capitol hill over how much the u.s. can do and how much it should do in nigeria. even as the state department this is a difficult mission and we're looking for the girls in an area roughly the size of new england. >> reporter: the u.s. government may be increasing its role in the search but secretary of state john kerr ear insists that role is a supporting one. >> the president has all options with respect to the future. we're delling with the government of another country. that's always got its diplomatic requirements. >> reporter: but some on capitol hill think the administration should be doing more. >> there's a feeling among my colleagues that we simply were too slow. >> reporter: maine senator susan collins believes that delay may have catastrophic repercussions. >> some of them may have already been shipped across the border sold into slavery, forced into early marriages. i cannot believe that this much time has elapsed without us taking these basic steps to help. >> reporter: in an interview with "the daily beast," arizona governor john mccain took a swipe at the government's position saying he wouldn't be waiting for some kind of permission from some guide name goodluck jonathan". complicating matters, the u.s. government opposes nigeria's latest stance by working to free the girls by negotiating with boko haram. some lawmakers argue that the u.s. should have spent in special forces weeks ago to try to rescue these girls, but the administration has always said that it is contemplating sending in boots on the ground that if military forces they will will be there in an advisory role only. >> more allegations of secret waiting lists for patient care. wyatt andrews so shows us how the same -- wyatt, good morning. >> reporter: good morning. a team of inspectors is here today to again an audit of just how long veterans are waiting for medical tests and appointments. we found a dispute between the whistleblower who says records are falsified and a hospital regulator who says there's no evidence of that. >> she's worked here for five years. she tells us veterans have been put on secret wait lists to hide the length of time veterans wait to see their doctors. what's the scale of this? >> hospitalwide. we're talking about surgery, radiology, women's clinic. all those different areas of all the specialty, all the clinic. >> reporter: she believes top executives are encouraging the secret wait list because their bonuses are based in part on the goal of scheduling patients within 14 days. she says it's in the v.a.'s culture to earn the bonus instead of admitting there's a problem. and you think they were faking these numbers to get the bonus? >> yes. >> that's harsh. >> yes, that's reality. >> and in a statement, rickard says some of her bonus does depend on patient access but thats only a percentage. she said she's holding back evidence of wait time for the fear that workers will be fired. >> they are scared. >> reporter: scared of what? >> retaliation. you're told from day one keep your mouth shut and do what you're supposed to do and you'll have a career in the v.a. >> reporter: and that's the disagreement that the inspection team will walk into when the audit of hynes begins today. >> thank you. google is ordered to make major changes overseas. when you do a search on a person, you know what can come back can be private or embarrassing. >> this leads to questions about the future for all google users. welcome. >> thank you. >> what's the implications of this and could it affect those of us within the united states? >> potentially very broad. for now it's just in europe. but this ruling says that an individual can say, look i want this link to this information removed. it's basically like saying in a library can you have books that people don't like the topics but you got to take the cards out of the card catalogue. >> but this you a only -- it's potentially broader. it's like redefining the freedom of speech. on the other hand, look at the rights of searchers. you're looking at things that are actually material to you that u may not be able to find on other people or businesses. it's potentially very serious. >> it would turn aside 25 years of search. they're saying whatever search engines have been doing for you, we're now going to limit it. >> exactly. it also oddly allows the information to sfa on the internet, it's just that you won't able to find it. it's lawful correct information, just seems to be information people don't like. >> thank you so much. it's 7:19. ahead on "cbs this morning," we'll look at headlines from around the world. records likely to be shattered all around the bay area today. it is going to be the peak of the heat and a hot one outside. out the door we go, some very mild temperatures to begin with. some places already in the 60s. clear skies to the coastline. we are going to see some record heat outside. triple digits a real possibility in many of the interior valleys by the afternoon, about 101 in livermore, 100 in concord, 96 in san jose, and 93 degrees downtown san francisco. cooling off a little bit for tomorrow. >> announcer: that this nal weather report sponsored by toyota, let's go places. a day of fun turns into a bizarre emergency. >> ahead what happened when a bounce house was swept into the sky with children inside. >> the news is back in the morning here on "cbs this morning." stay tuned for your local news. knows her way around a miniskirt. can 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[ woman ] and i love new orleans! your realtime captioner is linda macdonald. good morning. it's wednesday, 7:26. i'm frank mallicoat. here's what's happening around the bay area. hot weather has firefighters on high alert. this grass fire along kirker pass road in concord started when a car knocked down a power pole yesterday. about 15 acres were burned. san francisco 49er chris cull ever is in court today. culliver strike a bicyclist in march according to police and threatened a witness brassles. he pled not guilty. 81-year-old landmark coit tower is re-opening today. it's been closed since november. major repairs have been made and murals have been restored inside the tower. a ceremony is planned at 11 a.m. we have more on that at noon. right now, traffic and weather after the break. good morning. we have some updated information now on our earlier reports. it turns out kirker pass is indeed closed for at least another half hour. this is the latest tweet from "kcbs traffic." again, you can see it there on your screen. kirker pass is closed right now between hess and nortonville road. there was a car that hit a power pole last night. it sparked a grass fire yesterday. they still have to clear it. also big delays on the richmond parkway due to some signal lights that are out. that is traffic. here's lawrence. all right. hot temperatures developing around the bay area. this is going to be the peak of the heat wave. and it is going to be a hot one. many records going to be shattered outside for today. clear skies all the way to the coastline. this is one for the record books as temperatures soaring to triple digits inland. 90s inside the bay. even 80s along the coastline. a little bit cooler sea breeze returns tomorrow. female narrator: the mattress price wars are on at sleep train. we challenged the manufacturers to offer even lower prices. now it's posturepedic versus beautyrest with big savings of up to $400 off. serta icomfort and tempur-pedic go head-to-head with three years' interest-free financing. plus, free same-day delivery, set-up and removal of your old set. when brands compete, you save. mattress price wars are on now at sleep train. ♪ your ticket to a better night's sleep ♪ karl rove is claiming now that hillary clinton suffered brain damage. i'll tell you something. that karl rove had better be careful of what he's talking about. karl rove saying somebody else has brain damage yeah take a look at this and then we'll talk about it. ♪ ♪ >> it's sickening, isn't it? >> okay. his dancework needs some work. >> speaking of videos that come back to haunt you. >> right. if only that google ruling were alive then. >> welcome back to "cbs this morning." coming up in this half hour amazon calls its warehouses fulfillment centers but some customers aren't getting what they paid for and they might not even know. why some say the online giant should do more to crack down on counterfeits. plus jackie kennedy was famously private but newly uncovered letters provide rare view into her life and relationship with jfk. her personal reflections before and after becoming first lady. that's ahead. but time to show you some of this morning's headlines from around the globe. the "times of london" says the judge ordered blade runner oscar pistorius to undergo psychiatric testing. that could delay his murder trial. he's charged with killing his girlfriend. a forensic psychiatrist testified the week that oscar pistorius suffered from general anxiety disorder. "the wall street journal" says the u.s. is backing off tightening mortgage rules. they say they should focus on making more credit available to homeowners. the decision comes amid signs the housing market is slowing down. "the new york times" looks at a legal victory for the popular apartment website abe airbnb. in new york city it's illegal to rent an apartment for less than 30 days. the state's top prosecutor plans to file a new subpoena. politico says governor christie doesn't relish running against jeb bush. he called bush a wonderful friend. christie said it would be quote, stressful to run against bush because, quote, you like to run against people you don't like. neither man has decided on a 2016 bid. the follow-up question should have been, who do you don't like. >> exactly. >> that's a very telling statement. >> absolutely. i could imagine a couple. >> yes. the "washington post" looks at the backlash following karl rove rove's comments about her head. but now rover is suggesting that may have been much more serious. the white house fired back tuesday at karl rove for reportedly suggesting that hillary clinton had brain damage mocking the former bush provider's diagnosis. >> here's what i have to say about cognitive capacity, which is that dr. rove might have been the last person in america on election night to acknowledge that the president won re-election. >> reporter: according to the "new york post" at a private event rove brought up clinton's fall in 2012. he said, 30 days in the hospital and when she appears, she's wearing glasses only for people who have a traumatic brain injury. we need know what's up with that. by tuesday morning he back tracked that. >> no, no no. i didn't say she had brain damage. said she had a serious health episode. my other point is this will be an issue in the 2016 races whether she likes it or not. >> reporter: the former secretary of state was admitted in the hospital for three days not 30 after the accident in december of 2012. later she spoke about her health on 60 minutes. >> i still have some lingering effects from falling on my head and having a blood clot but the doctors tell me that will all recede. >> reporter: tuesday her spokesman responded to rove's comment and said what he's doing is his own form of sickness. she's 100% period. the issue could be here to stay. >> her health i'm sure would be questioned just like any other presidential candidate's would be. >> now republicans and democrats agree on one thing. they're both saying those comments were strategic basically to raise questions early on about the front-runner's health and age. gayle? >> all right. thank you, jan. >> jan make greats point. dickerson, our political director, has a piece out there raising the same question. raises questions is the best practice. democrats bragged about how maligning mitt romney early on was good and dickerson points out that raising issues about health and age is a standard operating procedure in campaigns and in modern history it's been used chiefly by democrats. >> that's what rush limbaugh said. he is walking back brain damage but he thinks she suffered some kind of catastrophic injury when she fell and we know she fell. >> he's trying to mend his comments. we'll see. thaerng you thank you, jan. the school dropped phillip nelson from the school's program on tuesday. he's accused of kicking a former college player in the head during prague it is on sunday. the 24-year-old remains in critical condition this morning. police also arrested another man accused of punching him during that attack. amazon is the world's largest online retailer. the site sells everything from mattresses to over-the-counter drugs, but a "wall street journal" report is raising concerns that some products sold by the company are knock-offs. vinita nair show us how counterfeits slip into the system. good morning. >> good morning. there are multiple ways retailer sells items on amazon. they can sell them directly to customers or they can send their products to amazon warehouses and amazon will send them out, but brand name companies like the one we spoke to say both systems are allowing counterfeiters to sell knock-offs to unsuspecting customers. >> this is just an example of some of the things we sell. >> his company makes this kitchenware. it's sold by retailers nationwide but in kreresent years saids some items who bought his products did not receive his products. >> this purchase when they purchased it, this is what they received in the mail. difficult to transport with water. it falls apart. >> reporter: he said when customers receive knock-offs, it hurts his brand. >> we've had consumers right wree views and we get the product back from consumers and we know it's not our product. >> we've talked with dozens of manufacturing clients who are dealing with three key issues counterfeit, used being sold as new and what we'll generally call consumer goods. >> reporter: he says this is about more than just one company and more than just kitchenwares. >> we have medicines for example who are expired or tampered with. >> reporter: he says part of the problem is that amazon allows many different companies to sell a brand's product, so if a counterfeiter lists an item on amazon's website, the safety checks in place aren't always strong enough to stop them from selling knock-offs to a customer, but messer says even customers who buy directly from amazon are at risk of receiving fake goods. that's because counterfeiters are sending knock-offs to amazon amazon's warehouses where they can be mixed in with real product. amazon would not give us an interview for this story but provide add statement. it reads we are constantly innovating to improve the ways we detect and prevent counter fit products from reaching our marketplace. we work hard on this issue every day. amazon says by mixing shipments, it can get items to commerce faster and reduce labeling requirements for sellers. they do offer refunds for products that aren't as advertised. >> vinita thank you. two children are hospitalized this morning recovering from serious injuries after an inflatable toy they were playing blew away into the sky. police say a strong gust of wind swept a bounce house up to 50 feet high monday afternoon outside albany nonch two boys ages ages 5 and 6 fell out when they were 15 feet up. one landed on the asphalt. another hit the car. >> he hit his head on the back of my car and landed where that little spot is and the bouncy house kept going and cleared my apartment and the trees. >> the 10-year-old girl was near the bounce house but fell out just before it took off. i hope those kids are going to be okay. i didn't even know that could happen, you know the way they play in those bouncy houses. >> as someone who has used bouncy houses and inflatable things, they have huge harnesses that they can stake into the ground. it's very serious because they can be lifted up. >> now you can say you've been warned. >> yeah. jackie kennedy in her own words. her own words on her faith, marriage, and the loss of her husband ahead. what she wrote in dozens of letters never seen by the public. i'm fascinated by these. i've been reading them. we'll show you. you're watching "cbs this morning." when folks think about what they get from alaska, they think salmon and energy. but the energy bp produces up here creates something else as well: jobs all over america. engineering and innovation jobs. advanced safety systems & technology. shipping and manufacturing. across the united states bp supports more than a quarter million jobs. when we set up operation in one part of the country people in other parts go to work. that's not a coincidence. it's one more part of our commitment to america. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ [ male announcer ] get $5 off gallon size or $10 off 3-gallon size deck and concrete resurfacers at lowe's. hungry for the best? it's eb. want to give your family the very best in taste, freshness, and nutrition? it's eb. eggland's best. better taste. better nutrition. better eggs. life with crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis is a daily game of "what if's". what if my abdominal pain and cramps end 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[ female announcer ] pore refining cleanser. neutrogena®. in the nation, it's not always pretty. but add brand new belongings from nationwide insurance... ...and we'll replace destroyed or stolen items with brand-new versions. we take care of the heat so you don't get burned. just another way we put members first because we don't have shareholders. join the nation. ♪ nationwide is on your side ♪ your realtime captioner is linda macdonald. good morning, everyone. it's 7:56. i'm michelle griego. you can expect more record high temperatures today. dangerous heat and air pollution continues across the bay area. there are several cooling centers open today. and it's another "spare the air" day. a san francisco landmark reopens today after undergoing major renovations. coit tower has been closed since november. crews have been making major repairs to the building's interior and exterior and restoring murals. a preliminary hearing is scheduled in san jose for san francisco 49er chris culliver today. he is charged with misdemeanor hit-and-run and felony possession of brass knuckles. he pleaded not guilty last month. stay with us. traffic and weather in just a moment. [ as schwarzenegger ] show me the movies with the arnold schwarzenegger with the stunts and loud explosions and all the muscles. [ as cosby ] i want to see the comedy programming with the people sitting in the living room with the children. [ british accent] watch bravo! yeah, i want to see "the real housewives." jimmy? please, it's been hours. really does work with any voice. cool. [ british accent ] what's on now? all right! [ female announcer ] control your tv with your voice. the x1 entertainment operating system. only from xfinity. good morning. the closure of kirker pass road continues to cause problems in contra costa county especially on highway 4. people can't use the halt national so highway 4 and southbound 242 really backed up. up and down the nimitz freeway northbound 880 at washington, there's an accident there blocking one lane. we are still seeing really big delays from at least tennyson. the good news is that it's bottlenecking there so we're not seeing as much traffic in oakland. with the forecast, here's lawrence. temperatures very mild already. sunshine all the way to the coastline. this is probably a good place to be today as you're going to see sunny skies and 80s right out there along the immediate coast. record heat expected around much of the bay area this afternoon. these temperatures are going to soar into the 90s maybe some triple digits inland. 96 in san jose. 94 could be a record in oakland. and 93 in san francisco. next couple of days, the sea breeze does make a return. that will cool you down. much cooler more fog over the weekend. good morning to our viewers in the west. it is wednesday, may 14 2014. welcome back to "cbs this morning." more real news ahead including the certificate of for survivors of a deadly mine explosion in turkey. holly williams is on the scene there. first, here is a look at today's "eye opener" at 8:00. >> reporter: here in turkey rescue efforts have been going on here at the mine throughout the night and continue at this hour. >> reporter: mers originated in the middle east. now it's in the u.s., and health officials are taking it seriously. >> reporter: gusty winds and high heat fueled this fire. the worst of this emergency appears to have passed. >> reporter: magic johnson says he doesn't know why, sterling has it all wrong. >> if i was going to trick somebody, steal somebody's franchise. it's going to be the los angeles lakers. republicans and democrats agree on one thing. those comments were to raise questions about the front-runner's health. brand-new companies like the one we spoke to say both systems are allowing counterfeiters to sell knockoffs to unsuspecting customers. >> they're not so much letters as a series of confessions to a priest. star white wascarl white was awarded the medal of honor for running into any fire to save his comrades. meanwhile i sent back a salad because the croutons were too big. i'm charlie rose with fwail king and norah o'donnell. a coal mine disaster in turkey killed more than 200 people and this morning officials fear the death toll could double. a furious effort is under way to reach hundreds of miners trapped underground. turkey's energy minister says they are running out of time to rescue these men. holly williams is in soma turkey. good morning. >> reporter: good morning. rescue efforts went on through the night here at the mine in soma and continue at this hour. the turkish government says hopes of finding more survivors are fading and it expects the death toll will continue to climb. at least 200 workers are trapped after an explosion yesterday sparked a fire in the mine shaft. it happened at the worst possible time, during a shift change when the mine was packed with more than 700 workers. over 300 have been rescued so far. some with critical injuries. this morning a small group of miners emerged unscathed to a crowd of cheering rescue workers who are desperate for any good news. turkey's mines are notoriously unsafe, but this is shaping up to be the worst mining accident in the nation's history. the sheer scale of this disaster is already fueling public anger and that's been exacerbated this morning by reports that one of the dead miners was only 15 years old. norah? >> all right holly, thank you. magic johnson says he feels sorry for donald sterling. but this had morning the nba hall of famer is also waiting for an apology n. a cnn interview the l.a. clippers owner says the racist remarks that got him suspended was a mistake but he called johnson a poor role model who doesn't help other african-americans. johnson told anderson coop they're sterling has no reason to criticize him. >> he is a man who we would think would be educated and a man who is smart enough to build this type of wealth and own a team and has an incredible platt the form to change the world. instead, he's doing it in a negative way. it's a shame donald use this had platform with you to, instead of coming out, apologizing 0 to the world -- which would have been great -- and said you know what, i'm sorry i made some mistakes. and just left it there. magic jon magic johnson shouldn't have been included in your conversation because i have nothing to do with this. >> johnson says sterling should just sell the clippers and ernnjoy the rest of his life. >> magic jonhnson was so gracious when he was talking and said basically he's now praying for him, that donald sterling is living in the world according to donald. interesting take. >> sterling's other critics say the billionaire owner should never have gone on television to make amends. chip reid good morning. >> reporter: broadcasting their mea culpas is a time honored tradition for those in the middle of controversy. and while a well orchestrated "i'm sorry" can go a long way to winning forgiveness, a poorly executed one will make a bad situation much worse. >> i made a terrible terrible mistake. >> reporter: if donald sterling thought his interview with cnn would assure the world he wasn't a racist he may have been mistaken. >> jews, when they get successful, they will help their people. and some of the after african-americans, maybe i'll get in trouble again, they don't want to help anybody. >> reporter: cbs news contributor frank luntz, a communications strategist says sterling's attempt at an apology was of the worst he'd ever seen. >> he tries to explain that he's not a racist, but he uses racial language. it doesn't make sense. >> reporter: public figures seeking forgiveness, according to luntz, are with best served by apologies delivered straight it to the camera so that viewers can see the sincerity in their eyes. >> i am responsible. and if i want to find the person who should be held accountable for my sins honestly i don't have to go any further than the mirror. it's me. it is me and me alone. >> reporter: paula deen tried that tactic last year after a former employee accused her of using the "n" word but the videos she released were cringe worthy and awkwardly edited. >> i want to learn and grow from this inappropriate, hurtful language is totally, totally unacceptable. >> reporter: anthony weiner also knows a thing or two about multiple apologies. >> it was something that i did that was just wrong, and i regret it. >> reporter: in 2011 the disgraced former congressman admitted sending lewd photos of himself to women online. two years later caught in another sexting scandal, he apologized again. >> this behavior is behind me. i've apologized to my wife houma. >> reporter: it's one thing to say you're sorry for lying or infidelity, but is racism as easily forgivable? in 2006 michael richards of seinfeld fame went on a hate-filled rant during his stand-up act. his friend, jerry seinfeld brought him on "the late show" to apologize. >> said some pretty nasty things to some afro-americans a lot of trash talk -- >> stop laughing. it's not funny. >> michael richards didn't do his ray polling that well. over time he was forgiven. it can be the destruction of a career. the consequences of getting it right, you get permission to continue. >> reporter: luntz says that for an apology to be effective it's not enough to admit mistakes and take ownership of the offense. the person apologizing must also make some sort of personal sacrifice to earn forgiveness, an element that was clearly lacking in donald sterling's interview monday night. gayle? >> i know donald sterling really did insert mouth and start sucking on his toes and no matter how -- what he does, everything he says just makes it worse. you forget that there was even an apology in there. >> i know. >> it's just -- >> it's just what? >> the visual idea of that. >> you know exactly what i mean. a baltimore tv station is back on the air this morning after the news literally hit too close to home. a man rammed a truck into the lobby of wmar and plowed into the entrance over and over forcing employees to get out as a s.w.a.t. team moved in. >> i can see from my desk out toward the lobby the whole wall the whole glasses was going through. and then i see the beginning of the truck and then our news director says everybody out! and we just high tailed it. i don't know how in the world we got away with nobody getting hurt. i really don't because that lobby's packed all the time. >> the man barricaded himself inside. watching tv news coverage of the standoff. five hours later officers captured him without more violence. police believe that the suspect has mental health issues because he claimed to be god. no one was hurt. very scary situation. it is now 8:08. ahead on "cbs this morning," the 8-year-old who called 911 when her mom went into labor. the little girl talks about helping her baby bro he survived minefields and made it through swamps by traveling the world by motorcycle for almost two years. alex chacon is in our toy oeota greenroom. he'll show us how he created the incredible images. the real selfie man ahead on "cbs this morning." ♪ i'd love to take a photograph ♪ i am totally blind. i began losing my sight to an eye disease when i was 10. but i learned to live with my blindness a long time ago. so i don't let my blindness get in the way of doing the things i love. but sometimes it feels like my body doesn't know the difference between day and night. i struggle to sleep at night and stay awake during the day. i found out this is called non-24 a circadian rhythm disorder that affects up to 70 percent of people who are totally blind. talk to your doctor about your symptoms, and learn about the link between non-24 and blindness by calling 844-824-2424. that's 844-824-2424 or visit your24info.com today. don't let non-24 get in the way of your pursuit of happiness. 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[ female announcer ] lactaid. 100% real milk. no discomfort. some of my family members are sensitive to dairy. so i use lactaid® cottage cheese. it's 100% real dairy without the lactose. so i can make these creamy dishes my family enjoys without discomfort. discover more delicious lactose free recipes at lactaid.com dog: what's this? mattress discounters' memorial day sale ending? but mattress discounters has the largest selection of memory foam mattresses under one "roof." comforpedic, icomfort, optimum, and wow, four years interest-free financing on the entire tempur-pedic cloud collection even a queen size sealy gel memory foam mattress for just $497. the memorial day sale is ending soon. ♪ mattress discounters ♪ ♪ well, for the football faithful, weekends will begin now on thursday. >> very good norah. >> jim nantz, phil simms. we thought you needed to work harder. you need one more night of broadcasting. >> you know what, we love the nfl. it's exciting because we're still doing sundays so we'll be doubling up a little bit. >> is this your excited face? >> it is. no, no, you two are shaking it around. you could be cheerleaders on the side, too. i like that. >> we make too much money to be cheerleaders. >> no, doing what you love. >> this show on the road with us. >> all right! let's do it. >> do it friday morning from the game site. >> there you go, get the studio set up up. >> les, are you listening? >> we're going to talk more with phil and jim up next on "cbs this morning." >> announcer: this morning of cbs "cbs this morning" sponsored by toyota. let's go places. e safe and reliable. r-e-l-i-a-b-l-e. and loaded with technology. t-e-c-h-n-o-l-o-g-y. finals are tonight. i was in a spelling bee once. spell "expeditious." well, i didn't win it. [ chuckles ] [ male announcer ] during toyota time get 0% apr financing for 60 months on a 2014 prius. offer ends june 2nd. for more great deals visit toyota.com. ♪ ♪ toyota. let's go places. want to give your family more vitamins, omega 3s and less saturated fat? it's eb. eggland's best eggs. better taste. better nutrition. better eggs. it's eb. female narrator: the mattress price wars are on at sleep train. we challenged the manufacturers to offer even lower prices. now it's posturepedic versus beautyrest with big savings of up to $400 off. serta icomfort and tempur-pedic go head-to-head with three years' interest-free financing. plus, free same-day delivery, set-up and removal of your old set. when brands compete, you save. mattress price wars are on now at sleep train. ♪ your ticket to a better night's sleep ♪ the nfl is coming to prime time on thursday night this fall on cbs. we'll brigg you ate of the top matchups over the year. more games will air on the nfl network, calling action on both networks is nfl play-by-play announcer that would be jim lants and nfl analyst that would be phil simms. good morning. >> good morning. >> great to have you here. what does that mean for you guys? more work? more fun? >> yeah more fun. >> more fun. >> we hope to be as perky doing the games as you guys are. you know it's really early in the morning? i just want you to know. >> listen. i saw les moonves doing the moon dance in the hallway so i'm thinking this is huge. >> this is a big deal for us. football starts here. that's the new slogan because it's going to be the way the weekends start every week with the nfl on thursday night. it's a big lineup of divisional games which means always the atmosphere is full of energy and a lot more intensity because you're bringing in rivalries into thursday. >> in fact the first game is pittsburgh versus baltimore, right? >> they like each other. a lot of love between pittsburgh and baltimore. that's a great way to start it. >> we always see fans. they complain because the season's ending. >> yeah. >> so when you tell the fans there's going to be more games on tv, that i oar like yes. i do feel their enthusiasm when they're out there. >> other than more games on television, how is this game changing since you played? >> oh, my gosh. it's change dramatically. the quarterbacks have so much at their hands. they get to do so much. of course, they practice a lot less. i mean a lot less. >> really? >> yeah, they do. with the new collective bargaining agreement, they have work restrictions. off-season, during the season they can't wear pads. god forbid they wear the pads. it's change thad way. ite messer wide open. i think it's friendlier for the fans. >> a lot more women are watching. >> fantasy football. women like it of course. it's more exciting there's no doubt. >> so a lot of people are paying attention to the draft, myself included because i was looking for michael sam and johnny manziel who went very because clearly the fans want to see him and he's a backup quarterback. >> jimgy haslam said he's their backup quarterback going into camp. if y trend right here. when you draft the quarterback in the first round these days, you go ahead and play them from the start. i would be shocked if johnny manziel does not play. >> how do you think the fans and media are going to take it if he's not the starter. brian hoyer is on the field, throws one incompletion and they're going to go crazy. when you're a quarterback and they draft a quarterback on your football team you'd better play well and win and usually that's not enough. >> how well do you think he's going to do? >> people forget his offenseive quarterback trainer was carl shanahan. he did an unbelievable job with rg3. so i expect him to create a new kind of offense. i think he got very fortunate going to the cleveland browns johnny manziel. he's probably in the best situation he could have found her himself in cleveland. >> there's so much interest in himself with johnny football as you know and you mix it with a city that's starved for a winner. i'm happy for cleveland. that's important. >> in a place that has had a long history in the nfl in pro football. >> yes. but not anything to really brag about for a long time charlie. so now with johnny manziel coming to cleveland, it's an skploesive combination of a city just dying for an opportunity to be back on the map again. and the most talked about player entering the nfl in years. >> to jny football. >> it's going to be for us interesting the way we program the browns in our lineup on sunday because that's a part of, again -- >> what about michael sam? a lot of people are pulling for him to do well but he hasn't made the team yet. how do you think, phil he's e going to do in the game, in the locker room. there's pushback when he and his partner kissed. >> a pushback from who? people? >> i was asked this question a lot since the draft and i say to people, what do you think goes on in the nfl locker room? it's the friendliest place. it's a great place. there's been plenty of gay football players in the locker room over the years. >> but you didn't know it. >> but the players knew. they treated them great. yeah, there was the incident last year down in miami with richie incognito and jonathan martin, but that stuff doesn't half. something bad's going happen in every workplace, but the nfl locker room it's amazing how everything gets together. >> he had an interview yesterday with the st. louis rams conference. now they want to know if he's going to make the draft. now here are a numbers of -- the percentage of players making roster a after being drafted in the seventh round. see it's usually a little better than 50%. >> thursday night, we're excited about the whole football team. we should say. >> congratulations to jim nantz and his daddy. >> little your realtime captioner is linda macdonald. it's 8:25. i'm for some news headlines. law enforcement executing search warrants this morning at a hell's angels clubhouse in san francisco's dogpatch neighborhood. few details are being released. kcbs radio says they are in connection with a felony aggravated assault investigation. the hot weather has firefighters on high alert. this grass fire along kirker pass road in consumer report started when a car knocked down a power pole yesterday. about 15 acres were scorched. san francisco's coit tower reopens today. the 81-year-old landmark has been closed since november. crews have been making major repairs to the building and restoring murals inside. a ceremony is planned for 11 a.m. this morning. stay with us. traffic and weather in just a moment. [♪] good morning. checking conditions at the bay bridge, we're finally seeing some improvements, some thinning out. it's still backed up to the overcrossings but again we're a wig improvement backed up early this morning when they turned on the metering lights around 5: 45. the closure at kirker pass road has damaged the freeways in the area. it's a "spare the air" day. you're encouraged to not drive, stay off the roads, use mass transit. so far everything is on time bart included in that, back on time systemwide no delays. that is your latest "kcbs traffic." here's lawrence. >> all right. we are looking at some record heat, some records will be shattered around the bay area today starting out very mild now and well, by the afternoon, getting hot. clear all the way to the coastline with that offshore wind overhead. looks like this one is going to be one for the record books. that ridge of high pressure is going to max out today. so reaching the peak of the heat today, and then it looks like the sea breeze could make a return to the coastline for tomorrow and some cooler temperatures. but not today. some triple digits inland. maybe about 96 in san jose. 94 that would be a record in oakland. 97 in the napa valley. and it could reach 93 in san francisco. even 80s back out toward the coastline. next couple of days the sea breeze kicks in. still hot in the valleys but then more fog on the way on friday. cooler on the weekend and the beginning of next week. if i eat this super creamy and delicious tillamook marionberry pie ice cream right now i'll explode into creamy happiness. wha? oh. tillamook ice cream, tastes better because it's made better. traditional start to a mother and groom dance. it didn't take long before they started with michael jackson's thriller and the twist. it has more than 2 mill union line views. wait to party at the wedding. >> i love it. >> i think they knew what they were doing. >> i wonder how long that took them to do that. that's a great. welcome back to "cbs this morning." coming up in this half hour one day after mother's day, an 8-year-old girl, 8 years old helped her mom in the best possible way. she delivered her baby brother. we'll listen in as the 911 dispatcher talked her through the baby's birth. plus >> white remembers the day he a ran through gunfire to help other soldiers trapped on the side of a cliff in afghanistan. that's ahead. now it's time to show you headlines around the globe. britain's guardian looks at an artistic director. maya angelouu, the 36-year-old died yesterday in sweden. no word on the cause of death the morning.nything police don't suspect anything criminal. two years ago, bob simon interviewed her for "60 mak minutes. request itself the film of the maker says he shot it on his phone with an asset cost only $1.thousa the chicago trib says things are back to normal. smoke at a radar facility shut down flights at o'hare and mid-way airport. . it created a rip him effect nationwide. the new york post says actor alec baldwin stopped by police yesterday for bicycleing the alec ba wrong way down the street. he didn't have his i.d. he went on a profane ravent, they say because the officers didn't know who he was. he was to handcuffed. taken to the station and charged with disorderly di conduct an released. he is due if court july 24th. . think you have taken some you amazing selfies? anationi well alex chicone is raising the bar. he traveled 600 days and rode motorcycles more than 125,000 000 miles through 36 countries. he all captured it all in what is beingost called the most epic selfie of all time. [ music playing ] 12wr0urksd well over 1.5 million view. he survived corrupt off officials in honduras, minefield crossing in argentina to a site in india. now he's made it to studio 57. good morning. >> good morning. >> we were watching yesterday, i am smitten with you alex chicone. i'm trying to picture with you a kid. i'm picking you were not the nerd alert with a pock protecter. were you a dare devil boy growing up?omet >> it's something i developed over the years. i always had the curiosity looking at a globe at school. what does this place look like? who lives here how are they've surviving every day?ery >> i heard one of the things you learned wanted to do is show good people and people who inspire food oodness in things?sp in there true. do g it's amazing people don't know some of the friendliest people live in the most remote parts ofiest p the world.n they give you as much as they k. it's interesting to share the sense.lf >> you took time off from f medical school to in a sense to really have the joy of your life knowing you might not come back and you had a wonderful legacy. >> within i first left i really had for the idea what i was it w doing. it was more of a self discovery. people started joining in online. it was more about a trip for everybody, the way i was as a documenting it and sharing it people were living i have cariously through my travels.a look i got support that way. vi >> we are calling this the most amazing selfies. you did you shoot all these? >> the cram was at the end of a at stick. th >> selfies didn't exist. it's a new concept. so it developed the way it is now. it's called the it's selfie now. >> is that a go pro at the end of that stick? >> yeah. it's a go pro at the end of the stick. >> is it difficult the way you shot it. this looks tough to me. a >> it took a few months to t to understand how not to shake it and move it. it was a technique ed itti rather than clever editing. was >> in all of this what was the most memorable moment? if you have nine kids. >> don't write them. give us a few. >> the one during the wet season in bolivia, it becomes the world's largest mirror you can't tell where the sky meets the floor. l the largest salt fly and the worl world's largest waterfalls in waterfal brazil. >> how did you support yourself? >> you know, when i first . started this trip i graduated college, luckily i had for the delaware i had to sell but everything i had, including the clothes off my back my tv my gameing consome, everything just to get as far as i could an during the travel people would l peopl actually house me and different pe food hear about my stories nd and this inspiring event. wha >> what did you learn?le >> i think i learned everything.everyt you learn how to live every day. you learn how to survive, to ate. communicate. basically, i imagine what a caveman used to ca do as far as roaming going from ci city to city on a daily basis. >> you'd recommend it to everybody e anybody? >> it's the most liberateing ommend it experience, we are so connected to the technology world today, rience. it takes a quick two to three minute video to cap cure your your v view, it's a kind of a gold fish. absolutely disconnecting . from everything is so liberateing. it's so amazing. so i wish everybody could have thatould experience. >> can i go on carly's point? you said you few you were livingving a legacy. you could possibly die. you told your mom, great let's y die. go?ld you >> obviously, there was a lot of great, obstacles to do the trip. i telll everybody the hardest thing is leaving everybody hein acrifice sacrificing everything you have an leaving nothing to come home h a to. >> good luck in medical school.acles and are you going back? >> we'll see.th >> hey who knows? >> i'm taking that all. >> i will they can as a no. >> we are smart people here. >> >> i think you should. s come back, be a doctor, you can work around the world. bac >> we will the a morning show. >> beautiful picture.d topping for sharing your journey with us. >> and from travel across the groeb, we turn to a journey of healing.it the logs of a child is something to the few people want to talk about. it can doom a marriage but a few movie starring minnie driver a focuses on how one couple r focuses through their grief and kept tear relationship intact. kept t "return to zero" was written an director by sean hannish. faced o brooke anderson sat down with them in los angeles. >> a hog and a frog ka sorority in the bog, but not the hippopotamus. >> reporter: for actress minni driver driver making "return to 54" was heart breaking. >> i never did anything harder in my life than this film.>> i the hardest thing i ever to did. >> reporter: they play a couple who must cope with devastating fuse. >> i can't find the baby's heartbeat. >> oh, no he's fine he's m hiding. on >> the film focuses on the grieft that follows the loss of their s child. a story made more calgarying because it's based on the real life loss based on the writer/director and his wife kylie. >> i was 35 weeks pregnant and went into labor. so it was early and at that point i learned that our son had passed away. >> reporter: it would be anotherr: it wou eight years before sean could ld make the film. its subject fi matter so personal that he and and kylie rather spoke about it even with their closest friends. >> yeah that's hard. >> it's two people who just lostng. everything. >> yeah. >> people around me don't know w what to say. emotionally, your lly yo baby is gone and your dreams are d gone. no one talks about it and and acknowledges it. you think you you thin are going crazy. >> reporter: the couple struggled to stay together dealing with the tragedy in veryhe different ways. >> i don't remember anything for >> i d six months afterwards.rward. i was in shock. and then a certain day i decided, okay, i'mding okay, engaging if life again. in lif someone told me healing is like told a flower blossom opening. each pedal opened at the moment that it's ready to happen. you so you can't force the healing at all. >> how did you two hold it together?ther? keep your marriage together her after this? >> i think the thing that certainly woke me up is that we being ended up being pregnant with our second child or daughter. >> reporter: sean and kylie now kyl have two healthy kids. they say telling their story on screen was tough but it's helped but with the healing and thousands hea of couples have written personal messages on the film's facebook >> bei page.n t >> being able to connect in that way i think helps pull you out of of your own grief and you realize, okay we're not crazy you foe we have all been through horri this horrible tragedy, but, you know, we're going to make it. >> reporter: for cbc this morning i'm brooke anderson entertain:tonight. >> "return to zero" debuts saturday on lifetime. check your local listings. kyle white says he expected to die on a cliff in afghanistan. he made it through that day to receive the med am of hon for, receiv he shares his story of horror is s carl white is a member of a very elite group this morning. the former army sergeant is one of seven men alive to receive the medal of honor for their bravery in iraq an afghanistan. president obama honored him tuesday for risking his life to save other soldiers. david martin spoke with this american hero. >> reporter: he's 27 now but when carl white earned the medal of honor, he was just 20. that's him on a mountain trail in afghanistan moments before his unit was ambushed. >> i remember thinking to myself, i'm not going to make it through this one you know because there's too much fire on the side of the cliff. >> reporter: he was knocked unconscious twice and still has shrapnel lodged in his face. his squad trap oddtown trail and the cliff below it with no cover. white ran from one fallen soldier to another applying tourniquets. >> when i saw him going out there, i absolutely thought he was going to get hit. i was amazed he didn't the amount of fire he was going through. >> kain schilling was hit twice. >> you could see the bullet go right through his leg. that was something that will stick with me forever. >> as soon as kyle noticed i was hit again, he came over and put a belt around my leg and stopping that bleeding. >> reporter: finally the gunfire shop and they were hoisted by medevac to safety. what did you think when you were going up? >> it was also another scary moment because you're dangling from a helicopter in the middle of a war zone. it's not a good feeling. >> reporter: but up until then you didn't think you were getting out alive. >> no. >> reporter: that must have been a terrific relief. >> i don't remember feeling any relief at all because so many had lost their lives that day. >> reporter: six americans died but thanks to white, kain schilling lived. >> what do you say to a guy who saved your life? >> i don't have to say anything. he knows how grateful i am how great. my family is. >> reporter: she doesn't know that yet but that includes schilling's 2-year-old daughter kyla. for "cbs this morning," david martin, pentagon. >> amazing. he was only 20. what were your going to say? >> the idea of being able to know you've got to do something regardless of the dangers extraordinary. >> a danger in thinking you're not going to survive but you're going to die trying if necessary. amazing. >> he now works in bank and has a 2-year-old and is well deserving of this honor. i know he wear as brace. every day with the names of the fallen soldiers who did not make it out alive. a true hero. >> i like kyle white. a mom in labor needed help. her 8-year-old daughter 8 years old, came to the rescue with one phone call. >> my mommy is preg management. >> my mommy is pregnant. >> and my water just broke. >> and her water just broke. >> how this little girl kept cool under pressure next on "cbs this morning." heat shields are compromised. we have multiple failures. are those thrusters burning? that's a negative. what's that alarm? fuel cell two is down. i'm going to have to guide her in manually. this is very exciting. but i'm at my stop. come again? i'm watching this on the train. it's so hard to leave. good luck with everything. with the u-verse tv app, the u-verse revolves around you the u-verse revolves around you newly posted video shows wile life at a wildlife park knocking a camera on the ground. as soon as she leaves a tour guide steps out, straightens it out. a few minutes later another lion lioness puts it in her mouth like a cub and walks off. >> bye-bye camera. >> its like a lion version of a selfie. an 8-year-old girl has a new baby brother this morning. she got to play doctor for real for real when her mother went into labor at home. as vicente arenas reports you can hear why every second counts. >> my mommy is pregnant. >> my nomy is ymommy is pregnant. >> my water just broke. >> her water just broke. >> i'm in so much pain. >> she's in so much pain. >> reporter: when she went into labor early monday morning she proved she was wise beyond her years. >> i was a little freaked out because she was having the baby on the floor in the bakts room. >> she got very emotional on the floor at first seeing me crying the way i did but she pulled it together really quickly and definitely came through for me. >> jazz minminejazmine. >> mm-hmm. >> can you get some towels to wrap the baby in and get string or a shoe las. >> reporter: emergency crew was on the way but they couldn't wait. >> the head is out. >> tell jasmine to support the head and shoulders. >> can you support the head and shoulders? oh, my god, he's slippery. >> tell her not to let the baby slip out of her hands. >> oh my god. she's freaking out. she's she's only 8 years old. >> can i get a hug from you? you helped me so much. >> reporter: she credits the dispatcher for helping keep jazmine calm under pressure during the eight minutes that felt like an eternity. >> if you hadn't remained calm it wouldn't have gone as smoothly as it did. >> for "cbs this morning," vicente arenas. >> that's a great story. we've seen grown men faint in the room. we hope jazmine won't be traumatized because she seemed great. >> she seemed your realtime captioner is linda macdonald. good morning, it's 8:55. i'm michelle griego. you can expect more record high temperatures today. dangerous heat and air pollution continue across the bay area. there are several cooling centers open today and it's another "spare the air" day. a san francisco landmark reopens today after undergoing major renovations. coit tower has been closed since november. crews have been making major repairs to the building's interior and exterior and restoring murals. a preliminary hearing is scheduled in san jose for san francisco 49er chris culliver today charged with misdemeanor hit-and-run and he pleaded not guilty last month. >> another record-breaking day around the bay area. we are going to smash records with high pressure overhead and offshore winds are blowing. looks like we are seeing some of the air quality suffering as we have a "spare the air" day today. a big ridge of high pressure is overhead but will shift a little further to the east by tomorrow. i think the sea breeze will start to make a return. still, today not much in the way of sea breeze so 80s even out toward the coastline. about 93 in san francisco. that will be a record if we reach that. 96 in san jose. and 100 degrees in concord. next couple of days, that sea breeze likely to return carrying some low clouds and fog. much cooler weather into friday and much cooler back to normal over the weekend. we're going to check out your "kcbs traffic" when we come back. good morning. we have a traffic jam now trying to get on to the richmond/san rafael bridge. the accident is midspan three- car accident blocking the left lane. but you can see the backups there on your tv screen. also, kirker pass road is finally reopened. it's much better news for contra costa county commuters. we are seeing delays people were using westbound 4, southbound 242 as alternates so even though the road just reopened, we're still seeing some bigger-than-usual delays in those areas. also, seeing some backups trying to get out of hayward. this is a live look at the san mateo bridge. westbound 92, 24 minutes between hayward and foster city. be safe. have a great day. what is performance? 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principle on the speaker and said we will send you home, the president has been shot. we will let you know when school resumes to i would him and i realized it was a big deal saturday morning because there were no cartoons. but our neighbor being fascinated. this i is a number of drugs my dear beloved mother state over the years of a six-year-old you of a funeral procession. you can see the case on -- the case on -- i was passing by the riderless horse that had the boots backwards. that's really something. i think it'd. one of the things that makes it such a tragedy, i'll mention the children. so caroline was roughly our age. john lewis and but if you're a kid you could identify with it because the kids were on tv with the mother. i think it really did have a strong impact on children of a certain age, if they can remember. i don't know that it put me -- what profession us going to be in but i remember it being a big deal and i have extremely vivid memories. it was unique. >> thank you. that are 37 images in my book, five of which john kennedy i've -- have never seen before publicly. but my favorite image is not a photograph. it's a drawing. it's a drawing that was given to the son of robert mcnamara, who was a playmate and of john junior and caroline. and one month after his father was assassinated, john junior do pictures for his friend, young mr. mcnamara, and dictated a letter to him that his mother wrote. and the picture is particu wrote. and the picture is particularly pointed, the illustration, because john junior drew his favorite thing, airplanes. of course, years later he died in an airplane crash. that was very moving to me. >> so with all of your interviews you have done and the research, oath of you, kind of her to scott what was the most shocking or surprising with reagan's intelligence, but could both the you may be share something that you both were shocked or surprised learning? >> i think the one thing that surprised me the most that i had not heard about much, although scott with his extraordinary research probably knew about this, one of the very interesting people i interviewed was a close friend of john kennedy. who introduced him to jacqueline bouvier, and they were very close friends all through his life. the gentleman was a reporter for a newspaper in tennessee with the d.c. bureau. and the night before the kennedys left for texas, he just had a funny feeling about it and called his friend jack, the president, and jack had no qualms about going to does. lec said he didn't. but he was very angry still and have been for the previous five or six weeks at israel. israel had acquired the knowledge to create an atomic bomb, or nuclear bomb, one of the two. and was very angry that he had had to find out about this from the cia. and was determined not to let israel actually create a bomb and then detonate it. that was one thing i did not know about john kennedy's presidency previously. >> i think the most surprising thing was the premise of the book, which is how much similar so many ways reagan and john kennedy were, both in how they were raised, the families they came from, big brothers who beat them up all the time, this nomadic childhood. and then in the policies. certainly the republicans have one to use jack kennedy -- jack kennedy cut income tax rates long before ronald reagan did. so there's that. specifically john kennedy what was said to me was how the strings in attending marriage but as i grew up looking at, anytime you go to the supermarket, all these jackie, jackie, the great love affair and find out they had a strained relationship was said to me. i didn't realize how strange it was. that was probably the most surprising thing after all you thought your own life, and you find out he proposed to her by telegram and the only time, the only liberty ever wrote her was a postcard that said we should you were here. a postcard that said we should you were here. that's literally the length of the correspondence. i've been intrigued by the woman jack kennedy -- i'm doing some research, might be the subject of my next book. she is one of his lovers when he was still in the navy. she was made at the time. he a daughter but, of course, because of her marital circumstances it couldn't be. that was the soulmate he was looking for. i think it had been more open to jackie in my defense that kind of relationship. >> one more? need the microphone. >> i believe you mentioned they never really met each other. reagan and kennedy. >> that is true. that's very odd that they would not have meant. reagan was born in 1911, entity in 1917. they both were very close in age to they both were much of hollywood. joe kennedy senior was a heavy investor in hollywood. people think he made his money as a bootleg. that's not too. he bought and sold the studio to be graded a system. and so you would think again with a raging -- you would think with reagan being enacted, jack kennedy what went on would afterward too, spent a month try to forget what it was a gate movie stars charisma. so he mimicked. he went to dinner with gary cooper in said this cut is the most job dropping only boring him being a permit. we go outside the restaurant and his mouth. how do you get a? can i don't? so we did. they also are the two most popular public speakers in america in the 1950s. kennedy made a big splash that is going to run for president. he got hundreds of speaking engagement of the week but reagan probably make more speeches. he was the spokesperson for general electric and his job was to tour the country giving speeches on the virtues of free enterprise and electric appliances. he did that to thousands of time. ps the he gave the speech, 250,000 means he gave the speech eight or 9000 times. they never met but it's a very strange situation but no, they never met. >> well, thank you very much. >> thank you very much. [applause] >> would you like to sign some books of? >> we would love to. >> if you like a book signed, come on up. let's do it role by row. the books are right there. spent and by signing them, you have to buy them. they won't take them back. [laughter] >> booktv is on facebook. like us to interact with booktv guests and viewers. watch vegas and get up-to-date information on events. facebook.com/booktv. >> with the help of our comcast cable partners, for the next hour we will explore the history and literary same of the tennessee city about 165,000 coming up we'll learn more about how -- >> this list is a strategy for following some of our well-known southern talent. >> we'll take a look at some the legends of this area. we begin our special with an exploration of the writings of civil war general and chattanooga entrepreneur john t. wilder. >> collection at university of tennessee at chattanooga, the second floor of the library. all the papers we have here at the university, a collection that we acquired around 1960 am one of general wilder's daughters were still alive at the time. she donated his collection of military documents and letters that her father wrote to their mother in indiana during the war. wilder after the war, did what a lot of union officers did. include indiana from the midwest and the game a prominent businessman in town, and industrialists throughout the south. he opened a series of mines throughout tennessee into north carolina, and he was an entrepreneur. he opened up several hotels to he was always working new ventures and moneymaking opportunities, and would get them rolling and stay with them for two or three years and then he would sell. start something else. he was also the mayor of chattanooga in 1870, and the postmaster of the city as well. he was sort of a prominent citizen of the late 1800s for chattanooga. i think it's appropriate that we get this collection of letters that he had during the war, that he wrote to his wife. one thing i find very interesting is a lot of validity start off like letters that we used to write, started off by asking the person, why haven't you written more? start off, letters to his wife, i haven't received a letter from you, sort of complaining about that. but i think back during the civil war, they weren't as particular about people writing truth movement details in the letters. i know doing what to especially, soldier's letters had to be censored by their superiors. these give a lot of information about what they're doing and what they're planning to do. a lot of information about the forging missions that his troops went on, the skirmishes, battles. i find one very interesting that he wrote. his division missed out on the battle of shiloh by a day. they got there a day late but he writes him on april 16, 1862, from the battlefield, and he's writing to his wife what he sees as he rides onto the battlefield of shiloh, just the day after the battle when he says i will not attempt to tell you of the awful destruction on the battleground, which covered a space of about 25 square miles. baghdad late on every acre of it. when we came here, there was just about to rebels for each one of ours, probably about 3000 in all, dead. hundreds of trees slivered with splitters, gun carriages, torn to bits, dead horses, heads, arms, legs and mangled bodies around. all combined to make up a picture of poor that it would be well for our political leaders to look on, and if they did not, then learn to mind on business to be made a part of it. he was one of the first officers on either side of the war to equip his soldiers with the spencer repeating rifle, and that gave his troops a real big advantage over a single shot rifles that most of the soldiers use. the spencer good fired seven shots without reloading. versus the shoot and reload, shoot and reload. so we really gain an upper hand on the confederate troops during the war. because of them getting the spencer repeating rifles, they were just a legal division to encounter, and it was because of that they became known as a white man brigade. -- lightning brigade. i did that they were not as the hatchet brigade because all his men carried hachette, not for warfare but because can't necessities. he also was very instrumental in the battle of chickamauga which was across the border in georgia. one of the last troops, union troops to leave the battlefield, and he helped protect general george thomas was later became known as the rock of chickamauga. .. at one point the had to carry him by ambulance. it is obvious from some of these that when he was in the middle of some of the hardest fighting he was sick, and he was able to still lead is men. and as soon as that battle was over apparently you would collapse and that would taken to hospital where he would recover or go home to recover. wanting that i think was your significant if his career these in 1862 he was sense when he was of an indian gathering his crew he was taking them back to the battlefield and was diverted to a little town in western kentucky because the confederate general who is heading north. he was to go there and wait for the full union group to beat him with up there with just a couple hundred troops and beckham police surrounded by the confederate army. he held them off for several days here waiting for the union army it never came individual initiative surrender. he went end under a flag of truce to the confederate camp and suck up a confederate officer who he understood was a gentleman and s for his a nice. am sure he plans to bring to the effect it and not militarily trained. what should of of surged to the situation were told not to surrender but you say you have surrounded with 50 dozen men. can i see proved? sir, this is of the wars are fought. later in his memoirs he wrote, her i took a liking to this man. they give him a tour of the confederate army and solace he was outnumbered. at that point he then negotiated surrender. and sure initiated worries prompt fed member not in prison but said home. let's consider earlier, he was paroled, 70. what two or three months later the union army work done an exchange where he could come back again. that was a very unique approach to a desperate situation when he was left hanging up to dry. he was able to "-- told of an army that are a number of his pro we 100 to one if none of thousand to one for several days >> next, learn about sensationalism murder, mayhem, mudslinging, scandal, and disaster in 19 center reporting with author david saxon. >> what is sensationalism? to actually, i added it together with david bureau of valid university in abu dhabi. it is an interesting thing because exists to sell newspapers. it goes on lead to a certain limit. it is as much entertainment as it is shock. the interesting part is in starts with a chapter by joe campbell, very, very good historian and has written about the journalism of the late 19th century committee 1890's in new york. he finds a lot positive about it. he wants to take another look at yellow journalism as a positive thing in the muckraking s bakes' to magellan the triple was going a long time. and it we have to remember that the other thing, came to america and 1830's on a mission from the french government ended the pride and democracy in america. a very good look at america at that time, what he said was the scandal man bringing of the press is essential to american democracy. he said, it is a very good thing also. very interesting thing. i mean pfft, the book does not make a negative judgment about sensationalism. it's fundamental, with every story the most famous story was skipping centuries to 1927 which was the picture of somebody in the and the elected chamber that second appeared of the front page of the daily news so this is killing of a long time. it is essential, especially in political terms talk democracy. >> if you feel that it has changed? >> it changes throughout the 19 century. it has been around for a long time. the beginnings of sensationalism in the american press had to do with politics. the mudslinging and scandal mongering of the late 1700's and the early 1800's led jefferson and being accused correctly of cb with the slaves, the press went after them horribly. that is the same at this moment for example, when i first got into this business back in the 60's and 70's that have a professor at stanford used to dispute the proviso which was a suggestion by an order curve congress in 1947 that the properties or the territories acquired as a result of the mexican war should be organized as free states as opposed to slave states were divided along the missouri compromise line. and so that created a lot of excitement in the south, and he spoke out quite clearly on that that time. he later became a congressman from his district in west tennessee and then later became the governor of tennessee, elected in 1957. ironically succeeding andrew johnson. governor harris became tennessee's most prominent secessionist. governor harris invoked a power tennessee never seceded come as a matter of fact, the declaration of independence as it were that to the see enacted said we are not expressing opinion of the abstract doctrine of secession, we are invoking are more ancient right of revolution they invoke that right of the behalf of the state of tennessee because the tennessee constitution and several references to its relation to the united states. and governor harris basically amended the constitution in a way that violated the amendment provisions. ironically he was vindicating the rights of the united states constitution, but by doing so he trampled on the tennessee constitution. in a positive sense tennessee was bound up in a terrible controversy in the late 1870's. the state ran up millions and millions of dollars of debt to build the railroads. they're worries him administration immediately after the civil war, and it was a political controversy of our extraordinary better nature. tennessean said they don't have any nature to have any eddy that that went on and frankly so. he brokered the compromise, so this be calmative take tennessee and out of that controversy over debt. it lingered on for a little while. that really was a service to the state. and a positive sense as opposed to the negative sense. he also, i think, ably represented the state pretty well in the senate as far as patronage and things of that nature which is with senators did and senators i guess no due to. he never let -- lost an election , although of a couple of occasions he bowed out before me have the opportunity to lose an election after being a state senator he was again the congressman. he was elected governor. he forwent a run at governor in the 1850's because andrew johnson was stronger politically that he was. after the civil war he had a price of his head because he was a confederate government. he went to mexico and lingered in mexico a couple of years and came back and played low. the conservative element in tennessee regained its ascendancy in he had connections and influence and prestige as having been the ultimate conservative governments. in those days the united states senators were elected by the legislature, not directly elected, as they are today. so he had is politics in order. the thing that he is most known for is very famous response the she'd to a call for federal troops after four sumter. the federal government : tennessee for two regiments of volunteers to suppress the rebellion in the self. governor harris replied, tennessee will lend a troops for the purposes of coercion but 50,000 if necessary to vindicate her rights in her southern brethren. he saw the constitution is certainly. he was willing to put his life on the line to vindicate that. in retrospect he was wrong, but he was -- to follow but the thought was the right thing even though in retrospect it turned up to be not so right. >> an introduction to a southern culture. >> partly as a history of my own journey coming here to the south, but also for others who are making that same journey. internationals are transplants from elsewhere. the south has a very particular culture is that always easy to navigate why take this journey to my talk about why i made the journey. i felt that it would be very comfortable for me to come to the south after having lived in bermuda which is a combination of british colonial island and also i felt that the south was coming into its own. lots of international companies, lots of opportunities, vendors, new businesses started in the self at a rapid pace. and they wanted to be part of that. so i tell people that this is a good reason for them also to come to the south him and experience to me rather unique piece of american culture in the making. one of the things that we see some times and the international supermen who are used who to traveling these two different cultures, they will say, could you please also trendy americans coming into south? at think they have expectations of what they're going to see and experience than a unrealistic. some of them are based on the fact that everyone is friendly and will smile and greet you and be very happy to see you then will say to you, oh, let's could together. you must come over to the house someday. people don't understand that part of the etiquette to a part of saying hello, that doesn't mean that there actually want you to come to the house or that there actually extending the invitation. it is confusing for people who first arrived. when last this question and give presentations, how many generations to you have to be here to be considered a real southern air, a true center to make a minimum of three. it's more likely for. occasionally five, and they have had a few people claim that it is to be ten. you can see that in the south we have had a situation where our your generations have not chosen to move away, have stayed and have been part of a culture for very long time. and that means that there is a sense of real southerners. it's unlike anything i've seen in the rest of the country. this is a strategy for following some of our well-known southern towns, and the purpose of the book because in many ways these people, particularly musicians, are some of the best, well-known southerners worldwide. for a sample, i ask people to pick a seven musicians are to follow. personalities are key conversation pieces in the south and a good tool for making friends. so if you find that you read the, really loved the music or lead scattered, listen to it, go for it. you will find company in that fan base, for sure. serve them there becomes a seven music genre to follow and get familiar with the musicians. there are so many, gospel, rhythm-and-blues, country, something for everybody. and there is plenty of performance and festival. attend the festival where this genre is featured. they can be found in most locations in the south. every day of the week. talk among the swan. if you say you will play an instrument, learn some southern songs. the experience will give you a feel for southern culture and something to share with others. so, can i tell you a story about this? a few weeks ago i was in of stowe, alabama at the university there. i was asked to do all workshop for group of fulbright scholars. because i have such an investment in the parts as a way to get these cultures, brought along some video show. a share the video of leaded scared performing sweet home alabama. in the room there were flores dollars and professors and local leaders working with them. and you could tell who was filmed. this killers thought, well, that's interesting. hello chris with his listening, sing-along. then to show the full set of data showed a video of sweet home elbow being sung by a leningrad careless. ♪ ♪ >> that was like standing to everybody in the room that sweet home alabama will be sung in leningrad to russian audience with the russian version of polk rockers to mike and melinda drove them is that, to understand the power of southern music as an export. and it was also a teaching moment. you could see what is happening to southern culture. in the south words have a life of their own. their colorful. there are abundant. they can be as durations and metaphors abound. it is a wonderful experience. awesome is it there are a lot of southernisms that never particular to the south and may not translate well if you're not from around here. down the road apiece. >> of far is piece? >> nobody's in no. he really wants as the question to make deals of the response to a younger. [laughter] or they can give you directions. some people say the new directions is drove a bus let's ask because you will get a real southerner, something like the message you and many small towns commencing sit more colorful me go down three blocks past that light and then you going to turn were that old houses with the shutter is used to be, and then you go past the wriggled building, you know where that is truly notable for a print them. then you're going to go a couple of miles. you see it on the right hand side. the phrase they always like you can't miss it. there are two kinds of big picture people to read what interestingly enough are really southerners to have left, whether for worker for study and have returned to their hometowns and frivolous all it to find is considerably different and they can lead to coal have changed. they bring something very special, in perspective on both sides. they are great bridges between the old and the new. the newer additions will including myself, we have come from elsewhere in the states and many from overseas. usually fur our jobs and have a different set of skills. as people look at the south -- again, i urge that, a starkly, after the sort there was a lack of investment in the south as more of a removal of ts -- resources, timber, or core mining, as opposed to investment . he did not have major corporations creating managerial class is here, and that is changing, and that is with the new people bringing to mend there during an amazing job, but it is like taking an isolated culture, a cultural anthropologist, in introducing it to a vast changes virtually overnight five. it is a bit messy, very creative and innovative, and it is an experience i wouldn't miss for the world. >> one of the great things about chattanooga is we make the moon pie. we have been here since 1917, and there are about to hit our hundred year anniversary. economically we employ 150 people. so much of our packaging and raw materials as bought here locally we love chattanooga, great place to live. her staying here forever. make about a million a day. we have a lot of moon pies being made. it actually came of a conversation this with a coal miner and a bakery salesman in kentucky, looking for something new and cool to make. they said make it big, chocolate, marshmallows . >> i'm john wheeler. i used tear have a pen name. frankly, it is my story. i am happy to take responsibility for it. i put that subtitle, and that is when i started smoking pot. i was and what the little anti-war happy folk singer grew. it was kind of cool. who would go to the coffee houses and set out in the parking lot of smoke could joint and maybe it was the greatest thing in the world. that is sell it all started. somebody said the key to success is to sell what you love to do. so in the beginning that was marijuana. and that was kind of -- i mean, it was kind of in my mind at least ten in the people around me this was like a righteous adventure. nobody had this stuff. everybody wanted it. it was the fuel of the counterculture. and when i discovered how i could go and get it and bring it back, you know, i was like the hero. and so i always resented that stereotype of the drug dealer over in the shadows snicking little things to kids coming end of school. it was not like that at all. it is people my age or older than me who wanted marijuana, and it was being suppressed and nobody could get it, and i brought it. later wrong after i discovered cocaine and really loved cocaine in get into that. i was actually sentenced to a term three times. the first time was related to drugs. had to do with burglary warrant was running with these older guys and we were breaking in places. they're saying, you get more nervous and jesse james. you go in here. no be the limit death caught. anyway, that was in the workhouse. quesnay was 19. the next time it was drugs or had them soles of marijuana to the first undercover agent in chattanooga. it was a pure stickup entrapment kendo deal, but they got me. i was out there. and had been there of three months. i had a trustee job. it was not a daring jailbreak. ahead of trustee's job. i found out that there were some things happening that were pretty upsetting. my partner and storm on monday. my old lady was running off with somebody. i just got mad and won their left. i was escaped for three years, and that is when a lot of these adventures happened while i was an escaped fugitive flying and of the radar. i went straight to to some more i started buying and taking it back to the lead to and then found some connections down in mexico and started smuggling. it was very different back then. i mean, mexico is the same in some ways, but it is much more violence and murder smell. back then i would walk across the bridge carrying ever its cracker box full of money. just a hippie going across the bridge. that would go down the alley. there's carloses place. he had his wife and little kids. you know, it was just a destitute type place. i really felt great. you could see how much good it was doing them to be able to sell this marijuana to me. and back, everybody loved. so that is so was. personally in terms of smuggling a was probably only about a thousand pounds. it was really unhappy amateur hour thing. you have an old beat-up pickup truck and a bunch of mexican teenagers with dufflebag. every dufflebag had 6080 pounds upon and it. of the mexican side it would go through and pay off all the farmers to open the fences of let them through to the border and then they would all jumped out and carry the bags through the desert across the dry river bed over to the arizona side. when it was dawn was moved out of the truck and take it all out there behind the market right on the main patagonia highway outside of the gaullist. we had little radio shack walkie talkies that we were communicating with. this was our smuggling deal. so, you know, 500, six under, 1,000 pounds. was arrested at the executive park hotel on january 301st of 75. it was almost three years to the day from the time my escape from silver dale. and there were promising me 30 years. the d.a. people came in, the u.s. marshals cavemen, took all my jewelry. you won't be needing this. but i had some good lawyers. as it turned out three just a variety of brilliant legal maneuvers which will call detailed in the book read did go to serve the prison in south georgia, but only for brief time. it was about 22 and a half months later that i was out again. that was the last time that i was in prison. i cannot detail everything that happened during those years, but suffice it to say there was a lot of occultism. there was a voodoo connection to cocaine smuggling that i never know about that i described in the book. you know, the plane could not cover of the chicken lady did not give declarant's. you have to be kidding me. added now believe any of that stuff, but it was going on all around me. eventually it had an effect. i had some pretty surrealistic experiences which are really cannot detail for your camera. it was hard enough to write it in the book. i ended up in a mental hospital for about six weeks, and they wanted me to stay longer. then all that led to a process of searching. what happens? and what led me to begin to search for god. that led to a dramatic conversion experience. that's totally transformed my life. and from that point on there was no more drugs, no more anything. to me everything about the drug dealing, the smuggling, the party is in atlanta, the rock band's, of that, that is interesting. and that's fine, but it is really the back story. it is or brought this particular individual to this point in time where i had this satanic, supranatural encounter that almost destroyed me and forced me to call on god which i had rejected until that point in time. how my life changed after that. >> next from book tv recent trip to tennessee, bill hall talks about a few of the famous people from chattanooga. >> a lot of new blood coming into town. a lot of folks would gated interesting history by reading about the people, connecting the names to their story into they were rather than -- it was just a different approach to give me a chance to tell a little bit about the story of who they work it's a great story, a very interesting story. in 1898 he enlisted and went to cuba, the spanish-american war. while he was there he encountered bottle. think of them of it was being if rio. a pineapple drink. cold pineapple. he was impressed with that when he came back he talks to friends about this. at this time, colo was kind of on its ascendancy in atlanta. by john pemberton who was a doctor. he patented it and then it was bought from him and started to grow year by year. from drinks because that was a popular place for a lot of people, especially young folks. thomas and a friend of his started thinking that they might care to a letter to see that they could meet mr. handler. it took the train. according to some of the things i have read it seems like it when a couple of times. their idea to have was who would like to buy your drink and get it sold around the country. he was a tough nut to crack. he was skeptical about the possibility of this becoming a reality for two reasons. he was worried about the quality of the product. bottling was still too far there were still problems with bobbling in keeping things fresh of course this was a carbonated drink. he was also worried about these two men. i believe he was in his 30's. he was not totally convinced they had the ability to pull it off and did not one of failure. at any rate committee relented and gave white had exclusive rights to bottle and sell coca-cola in the u.s. actually, there were couple of states that basically they get the entire rita is his to do it through. they signed the contract allegedly for dollar. there were so broke they had to wire home for money just to get the train back. so when they came back to chattanooga they had to enlist someone to give more money so that they could buy the equipment and year. in three months this set up a facility. bottling it in distributing it. within one year there were just cooking. it deterred between themselves that what they do is they would become apparent bottlers and divide the united states up to territories. he would sell a franchise to somebody, dayton, ohio, wherever. people were just knocking at his door to get there. and then force you get some profit from the operation, but the killer was he and the other two had exclusive rights to get the serbs from what led to. so they get the syrup and then they sold it to the bottlers. so that was pretty much his story. it is covered you know, a golden story of american entrepreneurship. the son of jewish immigrants. he went to work at 11 for a newspaper. he continued often non working as lawyers to restore it to school. he was a printer's devil. fit but one person described him as a human interrogation port. he asked questions all the time. he left to learn had to do things. there was a chance to buy the chattanooga times. that was also a struggling newspaper with all kinds of debt in 1878 he bought that paper. i believe it cost $800. $1,500 in debt. i think he had two or 3 percent capital. he had just a little bit of money. the story goes, according to his granddaughter, you went to the bank test for a loan for $300 to secure his interest in the paper and the baker said, who have you got to cosign for it. you are a minor. he looked at the baker and said you. and that baker evidently went along with an inside it. and actually come his dad had to come down from rocks will to help him sign the final papers. so in 1878 he took it over. he was very social. love people. very energetic. obviously believe focused. he took the paper over some and within two years he had gotten a subscription of, debt was down, it will to pay and off by the 80's and on it. i mean, he already had most of the interest, but he made a huge success out of it. in the late 90's he get word from a friend who said the new york times was a newspaper that was having major financial difficulty. this might be an opportunity for him to jump in to new york and to help control interest in a major daily. he went to new york and met with a group of people that were trying to buy the newspaper to say that. printing 19, 20,000 the day and now selling 89. they were running against a lot of yellow journalism, newspapers and would sell for a penny or to where they had to sell theirs for three. from what i have read really wanted to do is the was uncertain whether he was the man. they keep felt like he was a small-town sellout. going against my going into the big-time in bed with some of the principles. there were interested in him. but he had very little money to put up from. in essentially he, his contacts including president "-- grover cleveland to sign letters of recommendation or backing to see if he could borrow enough money to purchase an interest in the paper, a controlling interest which is what he wanted. he wanted ownership and control. he did it. it was just in a few years he began to bring down the debt and showed his organizational superiority. it was obviously something he was gifted with. it made it a very respected this paper and a very profitable one. he did things, on his 60th birthday started a pension fund for as employees. very geared toward his employees doing well in the paper doing well. the paper trying to do good. you know, he evidently elevated a quality of the writing and what was being presented to the public. he had a public vision. ♪ ♪ >> her older brother had joined a minstrel show. he took her with him. she volunteered, was an accepted as a dancer and began traveling with the show. a blues singer who kind of procedure as a female singer of the blues was on the show. she gradually became really well known. betsy kind of was schooled by her. betsy eventually superseded here in terms of popularity. but she traveled with the show, did a lot of shows of letup -- shows in atlanta. it was an early version of the circuit where she played a lot of colored houses, will for the era of the race records. and just garnered a great following. she had a big voice. she has that bigger kind of huskies style of singing as is typical of the teens and twenties. she never cut a record until she was 30 years old. in a way her yang, while to michael the voice was never captured on record. nevertheless, as soon as she released her first record, i mean, there were wildly popular selling in the tens of thousands, some over 100,000. she became very well pleased, and by this time she moved from a limit of philadelphia. she died of a road trip to -- which she was in mississippi. janis joplin was the person who made her story famous. her funeral was held in philadelphia and attended by ten to 20,000 people. ammine, that is out, you know, wildly popular and how she connected with people. that indicates her great popularity. one thing that interests me, everyone knows that they've -- everyone knows the name betsy smith. for 90 percent of the people probably could not name one of her songs. i don't think many people have probably never heard it. maybe that's word comes from. ♪ ♪ >> look at the book and find it interesting cover a new story and inspiration of the people who live here. work hard, do well, and get back to folks. i think it has enriched the community. >> for more permission of book tv recent visit to gender, tennessee, and the many other cities visited by our local content videos go to c-span.org / local content. you're watching book tv and c-span2. here's our primetime live for tonight. >> the purpose of the book is to not only talk about how to revive the constitutional republic, but to inform people on what the republicans oppose look like, how the constitution is supposed to function and to move some of the decision making away from the centralized government back to the state legislature is acting collectively as the framers intended. >> you write about the 17th amendment. the 17th amendment's there's not the public interest, but the interest of the governing masterminds in their disciples. it's early proponents of advance. it is because they champion democracy but because they knew it would be one of several important mechanisms for of powering a pro-government and unraveling the constitutional republic. >> the framers did not create richard democracy. that would be absolute nonsense and crazy. in fact, if you look at the constitution it is complex, what they created here. the central government was limited. three branches, each of which is supposed to be working with each other. sometimes checking each other. of course cover you have the states were all of the plenary power is supposed to exist and the individual were of the individual sovereignty of the sleazes. so this idea that the recollections is what the framers intended is not correct. the intended for the house of representatives. end of they debated this at length. they went back and forth, but when it came to the senate madison and the others made quite clear that you could not have the direct election of senators without creating this all-powerful centralized national government. they wanted a republic. and even made this case to the states when it went to the states for the ratification of the constitution. they said, look, the senate is made up of individuals chosen by the state legislature. you're going to have a role in the federal lawmaking process. so the federalists used the senate, among other things in the nature of the senate to persuade the anti federalists to support the constitution. if we had direct election of senators there would not be an original constitution. the states would not have ratified it. furthermore, who exactly did the senators represent? the most bizarre body that man has ever created. there are two for every state. but the direct election of senators, you have situations where senators voted for obamacare in states where the governor and attorney general fought obamacare in court and the state legislatures are trying to protect their citizens from obamacare when the senators voted for it. it is bizarre. the senate today really is and ought construct. so the purpose of the senate was to empower the state legislatures and the federal lawmaking process cannot to just have another ability to vote. >> for this month's book tv book club joined other readers. restoring the american republic. simply a to booktv.org and click on book club to enter the chat room. once there you can log in as a guest to post your thoughts. >> up next on book tv, after words with guest host stacey, and to make the director of the american society for muslim at advancements. her latest book in it, the co-author of the face club discusses her attempts to assimilate into u.s. culture will confronting americans to fear her family because of their faith and