David Autor, David Figlio, Krzysztof Karbownik, Jeffrey Roth, Melanie Wasserman
Public education is fundamental to providing equality of opportunity for students of different socioeconomic backgrounds. Yet, in many countries, the widespread problem of teacher sorting (Jackson 2009, Pop-Eleches and Urquiola 2013) threatens this role. Low-income students are more likely to attend schools with less qualified teachers, exacerbating potential achievement gaps (Sass et al. 2012, Thiemann 2018).
Reducing teacher sorting is very relevant for equity purposes. Teachers have a significant effect on students’ test scores (Rivkin et al. 2005), absenteeism, and school suspension (Jackson 2018), as well as long-term outcomes such as college enrolment and employment. Importantly, teachers’ impact is larger among low-performing and low-income students (Aaronson et al. 2007, Araujo et al. 2016). Yet, disadvantaged schools experience more severe shortages of teachers and often fail to attract
Adnan Seric, Deborah Winkler
The ‘Roaring Twenties’ was a decade (approximately 1921–29) of growing prosperity in the Western world, alimented by deferred spending, a boom in construction, and the rapid expansion of consumer goods, such as automobiles and electric home appliances. These factors materialised on the back of WWI devastation and, crucially, the N1H1 ‘Spanish Flu’ pandemic. As such, several pundits, journalists, commentators, and academics have been drawing parallels with that historical period, suggesting the post-Coronavirus recovery could be characterised by an economic boom, as illustrated in a recent cover story of
The Economist. In this column, I review the evidence in favour and against a reiteration of the ‘Roaring Twenties’ in the 2020s, in order to draw policy lessons from the past.
Thomas Piketty, Gabriel Zucman
The global rise in inequality creates social conflict and fertile ground for populism (Guriev and Papaioannou 2020, see also the Vox debate on populism). Many even wonder whether the current levels of wealth concentration are sustainable and whether governments should intervene to correct them (Alvaredo et al. 2017, Chetty et al. 2017 and Bozio et al. 2020). However, the political feasibility of redistribution interventions depends, among other things, on the electoral benefits politicians accrue from implementing them. Does redistribution lead to political gains? Are these long-lasting? Why?
While the idea that successful redistribution translates into lasting electoral gains sounds reasonable, surprisingly little empirical evidence supports it. If anything, empirical work suggests that the electoral impact of redistributive public policies may be short-lived (Bechtel and Hainmueller 2011).
Recently, a controversial bill seeking to raise Delawareâs minimum hourly wage to $15 per hour was passed by the Senate and is currently pending consideration in the House of Representatives.
The stateâs minimum wage was last raised about 18 months ago, when it was increased to $9.25 per hour â a higher rate than 27 other states and 28 percent more than the federal minimum of $7.25. If enacted, the new proposal (Senate Bill 15), would dramatically hike the hourly minimum by more than 62 percent in several large increments over a period of less than four years.
The minimum wage was created by Congress as part of the Fair Labor Standards Act in 1938. In part, the intent was to protect the well-being of employees. Delawareâs current minimum wage appears to meet this goal. A full-time (40-hour-per-week) minimum-wage worker would have an annual income of $19,240.
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