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Not recognizing sex and gender differences can adversely affect patients 13 Shares As a young medical doctor in academia in the early 1980s, most of my research was conducted in male rats. I was told that the estrus cycle in female rats would interfere with data interpretation. Investigators were reluctant to test medications in women of reproductive age, because of the concern about pregnancy.  Older women were enrolled in clinical trials, but men and women’s imbalance favored men. Medical schools were teaching about disease based on the assumption that diseases were similar in males and females, except those of the reproductive organs. Some differences were recognized: For example, observational data showed that women, on average, developed heart disease about 10 years later than men.  However, this concept made some health professionals believe that symptoms indicating coronary artery disease in a 40-year-old man would not indicate coronary artery disease in a 40-year-old wo

United statesAmerican medical associationAmerican medical women associationUniversity of utahHealth summitsThomas jefferson universityLaura bush institute for women healthAmerican medical womenLaura bush instituteGender health summitsMayo clinicGender specific medicineAcute care medicineShow sexGender impact clinical practicePatient care