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A western woman working in an Islamic Afghanistan Dr Schmeidl conducted research as a woman in a very male-dominated country. Afghanistan is an Islamic nation mired in conflict and war. The Taliban – an Islamic hardline group that ruled most of the country from 1996 to 2001 – imposed strict Sharia Law, taking away women’s rights to work and get an education. Public lashings for not wearing a full-body burqa, and the amputation of hands and feet for petty crimes became common. Dr Schmeidl says she visited Afghanistan briefly under Taliban rule in 2000, then returned to resume her fieldwork in 2002. By that time, the Taliban had been toppled – to deny Al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden and operatives a safe haven – by a US-led coalition acting in retaliation for the deaths of more than 3000 people in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.

United statesAngus campbellAshraf ghaniSusanne schmeidlOmaid khpalwakStuart robertsonHamid karzaiAfghan national armyLiaison officeAustralian defenceBus securitySociety foundationAfghan civil society forum organisationInternational forces lose heartsLowy institute afghan voices seriesUs special