Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan is a Neil Moskowitz Professor of Economics. She is a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and a Research Fellow at the Center for Economic Policy Research (CEPR).
Professor Kalemli-Ozcan has published extensively in the areas of international finance, international development and applied growth theory in journals such as American Economic Review, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Journal of Finance, Review of Economics and Statistics, Journal of International Economics, andJournal of Development Economics. Her work has also appeared in many invited policy outlets and featured in editorials and the media. She is the first Turkish social scientist who has received the Marie Curie IRG prize in 2008 for her research on European Financial Integration.
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Diether W. Beuermann, Kirabo Jackson
Friedman (1955) famously argued that giving households freedom to choose schools would improve outcomes, including educational performance. At first pass, this is a straightforward claim, since it extends standard results from markets for consumer goods to education. Yet rigorous empirical work has produced mixed results on Friedman’s prediction. For example, voucher experiments suggest that choice can impact students’ measured skills in ways that are highly positive (Eyles and Machin 2015, Bettinger et al. 2017), modest (Muralidharan and Sundararaman 2015, Cohodes et al. 2019), or highly negative (Abdulkadiroglu et al. 2018).
Considering the mixed evidence on the effects of access to selective schools, Beuermann and Jackson (2020) observe that “the lack of robust achievement effects of attending schools that parents prefer is something of a puzzle”. The same puzzle emerges in other realms, including choosing residential neighbourhoods t
Ejaz Ghani, Lakshmi Iyer, Saurabh Mishra
There is no doubt that China has seen a large reduction in poverty since 1980. Judged by the World Bank’s $1.90 a day poverty line (in 2011 prices at purchasing power parity), the national poverty rate fell from almost 90% in 1981 to under 4% in 2016, implying 800 million fewer people living in poverty (using the World Bank’s PovcalNet site). Many explanations have been offered for China’s accomplishment in reducing extreme poverty, including frequent emphasis on the pro-market reforms initiated in 1978 by Deng Xiaoping, who ruled China until 1990. Deng’s initial focus on agrarian reforms – notably, de-collectivisation and restoring market-based incentives for farming – has been identified as a major factor in output gains (Lin 1992) and the country’s progress against poverty in the 1980s (Ravallion and Chen 2007).
Jane Humphries
In a White House press conference held on 16 November 2016, then President Barack Obama said: “Yes to trade, but trade that ensure that these other countries that trade with us aren’t engaging in child labour”. In 2016, child labour affected more than 150 million children, or about 10% of the world’s children. In Africa, the share reaches 20%. The UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Target 8.7 recognises child labour as a serious impediment to sustainable development and aims at eliminating child labour by 2025. Unfortunately, progress has been very slow. Since 2012, there has been a 10% decline in the incidence of child labour, which according to the International Labour Organization (ILO 2017) is not enough if the target is to be reached by 2025. We need a better understanding of what can help reach that target.