Indigenous stewardship linked to biodiversity
Research confirms that human land use doesn’t have to be at nature’s expense.
Indigenous villagers in the heavily forested state of Odisha, India.
Humans have inhabited and influenced the majority of the Earth’s land for over 12,000 years, according to a new study – but not always to the detriment of the environment.
The study, led by Erle Ellis from the University of Maryland in the US, combined global patterns of population and land use over the past 12,000 years with today’s biodiversity data. It reveals that nature as we know it has been shaped by humans for thousands of years, and that the land practices of traditional and Indigenous peoples have historically helped sustain biodiversity.
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (
PNAS) shows that land use by human societies has reshaped ecology across most of Earth s land for at least 12,000 years. The research team, from over ten institutions around the world, revealed that the main cause of the current biodiversity crisis is not human destruction of uninhabited wildlands, but rather the appropriation, colonization, and intensified use of lands previously managed sustainably.
The new data overturn earlier reconstructions of global land use history, some of which indicated that most of Earth s land was uninhabited even as recently as 1500 CE. Further, this new
PNAS study supports the argument that an essential way to end Earth s current biodiversity crisis is to empower the environmental stewardship of Indigenous peoples and local communities across the planet.