Considerations for the use of saliva as sample material for COVID-19 testing
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Key messages
• Nasopharyngeal specimens remain the gold standard for COVID-19 testing for use with RT-PCR and rapid antigen diagnostic tests.
• Studies on the performance of RT-PCR tests have variously reported both higher and lower sensitivity for saliva samples compared with nasopharyngeal swabs. However, meta-analyses of such studies suggest an overall similar or non-statistically significant lower sensitivity associated with the use of saliva samples.
• The reported heterogeneity is likely to, in part, reflect differences in sampling techniques, sampling times and the type of population being tested, with evidence that RT-PCR tests with saliva as sample material show similar sensitivity to those using nasopharyngeal swabs for symptomatic patients, if the sample collection is performed within the first five days from onset of symptoms, and when the viral load is high.
Own-country risk makes up 51% of EU bank sovereign portfolios Print this page
Debt issued by European banks’ host governments made up over half of their sovereign holdings at end-2020, regulator data shows.
Of the €3.22 trillion ($3.79 trillion) of sovereign debt held by the 130 firms covered by the European Banking Authority’s latest Risk Dashboard, 51% related to own-government exposures. This compares with a 50% share at end-June and a 44% share the year prior.
The percentage related to other European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) sovereigns came to 28%, down
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Wednesday, February 24, 2021
In mid-January 2021, the European Data Protection Board (
EDPB) announced by press release that it has adopted jointly with the European Data Protection Supervisor (
EDPS) written Opinions on the European Commission’s drafts for new standard contractual clauses according to Art. 46 of the General Data Protection Regulation (
GDPR) and Art. 48 of the European Union Data Protection Regulation (
EUDPR). In the near future, there will be two new sets of standard contractual clauses: one for the transfer of personal data between controllers and processors within the European Union/European Economic Area (
EU/EAA), and another for the transfer of personal data to third countries outside of the EU/EEA.
In mid-January 2021, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) announced by press release that it has adopted jointly with the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) written.