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Missing shags: Fears over lost seabirds after storms
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Endangered Willow tits taking refuge at abandoned coalfields, scientists find as they urge for mines to be preserved
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Under 3,000 pairs survive, which each require 7 ha to prosper, with ex-industrial sites ideal for breeding
Willow Tit numbers are down by 94% since 1970. Photograph: ImageBroker/Alamy
Willow Tit numbers are down by 94% since 1970. Photograph: ImageBroker/Alamy
PatrickBarkham
Thu 11 Feb 2021 02.01 EST
Last modified on Thu 11 Feb 2021 03.13 EST
The willow tit, one of Britain’s smallest and most endangered birds, requires a surprisingly large area of wild land to thrive, according to research.
Less than 3,000 pairs of the bird survive, mainly on brownfield sites in former coal mining areas, making it the fastest declining resident species, with numbers plummeting by 94% since 1970.
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A cactus mouse hides in the rocks, a strategy that helps many small desert mammals stay cool. JACK DAYNES
In a warming world, it’s better to be a small mammal than a bird
Feb. 4, 2021 , 2:00 PM
In the early 1900s, Joseph Grinnell traversed the wilds of California in his Ford Model T truck, meticulously surveying its fauna. Along the Californian coast, he trapped pocket mice and watched condors soar; in the Mojave Desert, his team chronicled American kestrels swooping for insects and caught cactus mice hiding among rocks.
Now, by comparing Grinnell’s data with modern surveys, ecologists have shown that climate change has not been an equal opportunity stressor. As the Mojave warmed by about 2°C over the past century, bird numbers and diversity declined dramatically, but small mammals like little pocket mice are holding their own. The survivors’ secret seems to be a nocturnal lifestyle and an ability to escape the heat by burrowing, the team reports today in
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A greater exposure to air pollution at the very start of life was associated with a detrimental effect on people s cognitive skills up to 60 years later, the research found.
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh tested the general intelligence of more than 500 people aged approximately 70 years using a test they had all completed at the age of 11 years.
The participants then repeated the same test at the ages of 76 and 79 years.
A record of where each person had lived throughout their life was used to estimate the level of air pollution they had experienced in their early years.
The team used statistical models to analyse the relationship between a person s exposure to air pollution and their thinking skills in later life.
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