The word cryptography evokes images of spies, secret messages and covert agencies. But what is cryptography? Cryptography is the method of scrambling data so that it looks.
Introduction
The US government controls exports of sensitive equipment, software and technology for reasons of national security and foreign policy. Generally, the goals of US export controls are to (1) protect the national security of the United States by limiting access to the most sensitive US technology and weapons, (2) promote regional stability, (3) prevent the proliferation of weapons and technologies, and (4) protect human rights around the world.
US export controls frequently apply extraterritorially, extending US export controls compliance obligations to non-US persons. For example, an item of US origin can remain controlled under US laws even after its initial export, and require a licence or authorisation for re-export – or even transfer within a single country – from one non-US person to another non-US person. Even certain items produced outside the United States may be subject to US export controls if they are the direct product of certain technology, softwar
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On January 23, 2020, the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security (“BIS”) and the U.S. Department of State issued two final rules, available here and here. The final rules outlined the removal of specifically-identified firearms, ammunition, accessories, and associated technical data from the United States Munitions List (“USML”) and the creation of new Export Control Classification Numbers (“ECCNs”) to classify those same items under the Commerce Control List (“CCL”). While most of the transfer of jurisdiction from State to Commerce proceeded on the original effective date of March 9, 2020, the jurisdictional transfer of International Traffic in Arms Regulations (“ITAR”) “technical data” files for 3D-printed firearms to BIS was enjoined the same day by the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington in a suit brought by 20 states and the District of Columbia.
CHICAGO, May 31, 2021 /PRNewswire/ According to the new market research report, "Optical Coatings Market by Technology, (Vacuum Deposition, E-Beam Evaporation, Sputtering Process, and Ion