SUMMARY
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark piece of national legislation, not only for the civil rights movement but for the emerging women’s movement of the 1960s. It officially outlawed discrimination in public accommodations and employment and established the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights and the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission to enforce those provisions. In contrast to earlier civil rights measures, it included a ban on employment discrimination on the basis of gender, as well as race, color, and religion, making it the most comprehensive civil rights bill in American history and giving the revived women’s movement new legal and moral weight. Yet, in an ironic twist, the legislation banned gender discrimination only because of the efforts of Howard W. Smith, U.S. representative from Virginia, a leader of the Conservative Coalition in Congress, and an opponent of civil rights. His tireless attempts to defeat the bill including adding “sex” as grounds
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The United States Supreme Court recently heard oral argument in Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta, a case involving whether states can force non-profit and charitable organizations to reveal the identity of their donors. The Courtâs resolution of the case could have major ramifications for such organizations. Requiring non-profits to disclose donor identity would likely discourage many donors from giving out of fear of being ostracized or targeted in society for associating with certain causes. Â
Most non-profits organized under Section 501 of the Internal Revenue Code are required to file with the Internal Revenue Service annual financial information using IRS Form 990. Until recently, 501 and other tax-exempt organizations were required to report to the IRS the names and addresses of donors who contributed above a certain amount in a given tax year using Schedule B to the Form 990. Last year, the IRS issued final regulations providing that, except for 501(c)
Overview of Recent Nationwide Permit Program Changes
On March 28, 2017, former President Donald Trump issued Executive Order 13783, “Promoting Energy Independence and Economic Growth.” The Executive Order directed the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (“Corps”) to immediately review existing regulations that “potentially burden the development or use of domestically produced energy resources” such as Nationwide Permits (“NWP”). NWPs are general permits issued for categories of activities that have minimal individual and cumulative adverse environmental effects on the environment. The issuance and reissuance of NWPs normally occurs every five years. Most of the current NWPs are set to expire on March 18, 2022. However, in September of 2020, the Corps proposed to revise and reissue 12 NWPs, and create four new NWPs. The final rule, published on January 13, 2021, created and revised the 16 NWPs through the following actions:
Friday, May 7, 2021
On March 28, 2017, former President Donald Trump issued Executive Order 13783, “Promoting Energy Independence and Economic Growth.” The Executive Order directed the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (“Corps”) to immediately review existing regulations that “potentially burden the development or use of domestically produced energy resources” such as Nationwide Permits (“NWP”). NWPs are general permits issued for categories of activities that have minimal individual and cumulative adverse environmental effects on the environment. The issuance and reissuance of NWPs normally occurs every five years. Most of the current NWPs are set to expire on March 18, 2022. However, in September of 2020, the Corps proposed to revise and reissue 12 NWPs, and create four new NWPs. The final rule, published on January 13, 2021, created and revised the 16 NWPs through the following actions:
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