a) Be individual and be linked exclusively to its
owner;
b) That allows to verify the authorship and identity of the
signatory unequivocally, through technical verification devices
established by this law and its regulations;
c) That its method of creation and verification is reliable,
safe and unalterable for the purpose for which the message was
generated or communicated;
d ) That at the time of the creation of the electronic
signature, the data with which it is created is under the exclusive
control of the signatory, and,
e) That the signature is controlled by the person to whom it
belongs.
The electronic signature has the same validity and legal
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The recent border closures motivated by the new variant of
Coronavirus emerging will inevitably have an impact on some
construction projects. This might come in the form of delays to the
supply of goods and materials, labour shortages or other unforeseen
disruption to the project.
Contractors will be keen to limit their potential liability by
making claims for extensions of time. In turn, employers and
developers will be keen to ensure that contractors do not use the
recent border closures and the new variant of coronavirus to push
1. China Contract Damages
This must be China contract damages week. I say that because in
cleaning up months of emails I came across three interesting emails
on contract damages (similar to liquidated damages under
common law). Before I discuss those three emails, I will explain
what contract damages are and why they are so important in just
about all China contracts.
Contract damages refers to a contract provision setting out the
damages for breach. The typical contract might have a provision
saying if Party X breaches this contract, Party Y is entitled to
$100,000 in contract damages. Some contracts we write will have