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Single day of competition in the wild is encoded in the brain

Changes in gene activity can link past experience with future behavior A new study on competition in the wild was performed with tree swallows. April 12, 2021 Fighting among social animals is common as they compete for the resources they need to survive and reproduce. A winner and a loser will inevitably result from these interactions, but do these challenges also leave an unseen, lasting mark? From past work, scientists know that competition changes gene activity in the brain and can even increase aggression, seemingly preparing an individual for future fights. But how does a social challenge continue to affect an individual well after the interaction has ended? No prior experiments have tested how this unfolds among wild animals, and females remain conspicuously absent from studies of competition.

Biodiversity protects bee communities from disease, study finds

The most diverse bee communities have the lowest levels of three common viral pathogens A European honey bee extracts nectar from an aster flower. March 2, 2021 A new U.S. National Science Foundation-funded analysis of thousands of native and non-native Michigan bees shows that the most diverse bee communities have the lowest levels of three common viral pathogens. University of Michigan researchers netted and trapped more than 4,000 bees in 60 species. The bees were collected at winter squash farms across Michigan, where managed honeybee colonies and wild native bees pollinate the squash flowers. All but one species Apis mellifera, the common European honeybee are native bees. The number of bee species found at each farm ranged from seven to 49.

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