Lisa Ilboudo Nébié: Studying Food Security, Environmental Changes and Migration in West Africa
This Q&A is part of a short series highlighting some of the Earth Institute’s women scientists as part of the International Day of Women and Girls in Science on February 11. Read more about the day and our related blog posts here.
Elisabeth Ilboudo Nébié sits by one of the major dams of the Sondré-Est Pastoral Zone in the Center-South region of Burkina Faso in the rainy season. Livestock rely on this water for their subsistence, especially at the onset of the dry season when there is less water in ponds near settlements. On average, the rainy season lasts between May-October, but these dates vary annually. The site receives about 880-900 mm of rainfall annually, but this also varies. Photo courtesy Elisabeth Ilboudo Nébié
North America: 10th warmest
As detailed in a January 12 post at this site by Bob Henson, 2020 for the U.S. was the fifth-warmest year in history going back to 1895. Ten states had their second-warmest year on record and four had their third-warmest year. None of the contiguous 48 states was below-average in temperature in 2020.
Figure 1. Departure of temperature from average for 2020, the second-warmest year the globe has seen since record-keeping began in 1880, according to NOAA. Record-high annual temperatures over land and ocean surfaces were measured across parts of Europe, Asia, southern North America, South America, and across parts of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans. No land or ocean areas were record cold for the year. (Image credit: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information)
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The year 2020 is virtually certain to rank among the five-warmest years on record.
Students in Legazpi City, Philippines declare a climate emergency amid damage left by Super Typhoon Goni on November 8, 2020. Goni made landfall 30 miles northeast of Legazpi on November 1 with 195 mph winds, making it the strongest landfalling tropical cyclone ever recorded. (Photo credit: Bicol University Science Alliance)
November 2020 was the second warmest November since global record keeping began in 1880, behind the record set in 2015, NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, NCEI, reported December 14.
NASA rated the month as the warmest November on record, as did the European Copernicus Climate Change Service. The Japan Meteorological Agency rated it as the second-warmest. Minor differences in rankings often occur among various research groups, the result of different ways they handle data-sparse regions such as the Arctic.