By Isaque Rezende, Special to the Reporter
April 22, 2021
Hannah Glidden Myrick
Hannah Glidden Myrick was among the small number of women who graduated from medical school by the turn of the 20th century. Her path to The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine was not an easy one, starting with her early education at Boston’s Boys Latin School after being granted a rare exception as a female student. She went on to graduate from Smith College in 1896 and four years later became one of the first women to earn a medical degree from Johns Hopkins at a time when women were generally excluded from medical education.
CD4+ T cells get their helper nickname because they assist another type of immune cell, the B lymphocyte (B cell), in responding to surface proteins antigens on cells infected by invaders that include viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. Activated by the CD4+ T cells, immature B cells become either plasma cells that produce antibodies to mark infected cells for disposal from the body or memory cells that remember the antigen s biochemistry for a faster response to future infections.
In the case of SARS-CoV-2, the antigen is the protein making up the spikes that protrude from the surface of the virus. The mRNA vaccines known by their manufacturer s names, Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna provide genetic instructions to a vaccinated person s immune system to recognize the spike protein and start production of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.
Failing grades have doubled and sometimes tripled in school systems across the state, as the prolonged effects of learning from home take their toll on student achievement and well-being.
Thomas Brock, Whose Discovery Paved the Way for PCR Tests, Dies at 94
In 1966, he found heat-resistant bacteria in a hot spring at Yellowstone National Park. That led to the development of the chemical process behind the test for Covid-19.
Thomas Brock in 1992 at a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park. It was there, 26 years earlier, that he found Thermus aquaticus, a species of bacteria that would be used to develop the chemical process behind PCR testing for the coronavirus.Credit.Peter Menzel/Menzelphoto
April 22, 2021, 4:29 p.m. ET
Thomas Brock, a microbiologist, was driving west to a laboratory in Washington State in 1964 when he stopped off at Yellowstone National Park.
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