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Anti–programmed cell death–1 (PD-1) antibody blockade has revolutionized cancer treatment by enhancing immune responses against tumors. However, anti–PD-1 treatment can also induce immune-related adverse events by promoting autoreactive immune responses. In this study, Yasuda et al. investigated the immune cell type responsible for promoting destructive thyroiditis, a common adverse event observed in patients treated with anti–PD-1 antibody. The authors found that CD4+ T cells are required for the onset of destructive thyroiditis in a mouse model, which was supported by analysis of circulating CD4+ T cells isolated from patients. These results suggest that CD4+ T cells may mediate destructive thyroiditis in patients with cancer after anti–PD-1 treatment.
Immune-related adverse events induced by anti–programmed cell death–1 antibodies (PD-1-Ab), including destructive thyroiditis (thyroid-irAE), are thought to be caused by activated T cells. However, the T cell subsets tha