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KAWANISHI-CITY, Japan, May 25, 2021 /PRNewswire/ In chemical industries, acid catalysts such as hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid are currently used for various chemical reactions. However, after their use, these liquid catalysts are discarded; their reuse or collection, however, is considerably difficult as they are liquids. For example, sulfuric acid is an indispensable catalyst and a raw material for use in oil refineries and chemical reactions, as well as in various chemicals and pharmaceutical products. In addition, it can be used as a catalyst for biofuels such as bio-ethanol and bio-diesel. However, the recycling and reuse of sulfuric acid is difficult since it is a liquid. As such, more than 15 million tons of sulfuric acid is consumed annually as non-recyclable catalyst, which is deleterious to the environment. Furthermore, the safety and maintenance of manufacturing facilities is always difficult because of its
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KAWANISHI-CITY, Japan, March 9, 2021 /PRNewswire/ Quantum dots are extremely small fluorescent nanoparticles typically between several hundred to several thousand of atoms or molecules, and 1 to 9 nanometers in diameter. They are also referred to as artificial atom molecules. Quantum dots have the concept of energy level, bandgap, conduction band, valence band which are the same as for normal bulk size material. However, because of its quantum confinement effect caused by their extremely small size, energy level of quantum dots become discontinuous and separated. This means that one can control the color of light given off by a quantum dot solely by changing its size and chemical composition, and light can be converted into nearly any desired color in the spectrum ranging from the UV to the IR region.