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IN their natural state, the rivers of the Indus basin have four distinct mechanisms of water supply snowmelt, glacial melt, rains and groundwater seepage. Snowmelt starts adding water to the tributaries of the Indus in March and April. By the time the snowmelt wanes, glacial melt kicks in in late April, reaching its apogee by late June. When the glacial melt is at its peak, the monsoon sets in too. Between July and early September, the rivers flow to their brim and spread out wide in the floodplains, recharging the aquifers adjacent to the rivers. October through December, the rainfall is negligible and there’s no snowmelt/glacial melt feeding the river, but the groundwater recharged into the aquifers starts seeping into the river. Winter rains from January to March, along with groundwater seepage, continue to feed the river system until the cycle of snowmelt begins again. The glaciers, the monsoon, the snowmelt and the aquifers evolved over millions of years and created one of

North west frontierUnited kingdomPakistan generalSutlej riverAloys michelAlexander burnesIndian irrigation commissionEastern naraIndus riversவடக்கு மேற்கு எல்லைஒன்றுபட்டது கிஂக்டம்பாக்கிஸ்தான் ஜநரல்சுற்லேஜ் நதிஅலெக்சாண்டர் எரிகிறதுஇந்தியன் நீர்ப்பாசனம் தரகுஇஂடஸ் ஆறுகள்