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The modern world more and more relies on information exchange using data transfer technologies.
Private and secure communications are fundamental for the Internet, national defence and e-commerce, thus justifying the need for a secure network with the global protection of data. Information exchange through existing data transfer channels is becoming prone to hacker attacks causing problems on an international scale, such as interference with democratic elections, etc.
In reality the scale of the hacking problem is continual, in 2019 British companies were reportedly hit by about 5,000 ransomware attacks that paid out more than $200 million to cyber criminals [1]. During the first half of 2020, $144.2 million has already been lost in 11 of the biggest ransomware attacks [2]. Communications privacy is therefore of great concern at present.
The right to health versus the right to vote. The Catalan elections called for February 14 with the third wave of the pandemic in full swing, once again put on the table the collision of fundamental rights experienced by the Basque and Galician governments last year, when they had to choose to postpone the elections from April to July .
A mirror before which the Government and the Catalan parties are now looking. The Executive is committed to setting the new date in the second half of May and the PSC is the only formation that defends maintaining the current calendar. The decision will be made tomorrow Friday.
Root vegetables and ash could make concrete more sustainable
Concrete, being the universal building material of choice for countless structures, also has a huge environmental footprint mostly due to carbon dioxide emissions from the production of cement. That is why researchers are now experimenting with root vegetables and recycled plastic in concrete to see whether this can make it stronger and more sustainable and even power streetlights or air pollution sensors.
Dr Nikola Tošić, a researcher at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia in Barcelona, Spain: “The cement industry is working on decarbonising and lowering the footprint from fossil fuels. But the chemical part of carbon dioxide emissions is inevitable unless we come up with (completely) different types of cement.”
Concrete has become our building material of choice for countless structures such as bridges, towers and dams. But it also has a huge environmental footprint mostly due to carbon dioxide emissions from the production of cement – one of its main constituents. Researchers are now experimenting with root vegetables and recycled plastic in concrete to see whether this can make it stronger – and more sustainable – and even power streetlights or air pollution sensors.
After water, concrete is the most widely-used substance in the world. Producing cement, a key component of concrete, is responsible for about 8% of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. It involves burning a lot of minerals, shells, shale and other components in kilns heated to about 1,400°C, where fossil fuels are typically used as an energy source, thus producing CO2 emissions.