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William H. Dow, Anna Godøy, Chris Lowenstein, Michael Reich Over 90,000 Americans died from opioids in the year ending November 2020,  bringing the death total since 1999 to over 850,000. 1 Opioids have killed far less quickly than COVID-19, but the scale of the carnage is similar. Opioid mortality is a significant reason why Americans have stopped living longer lives, as first highlighted by Case and Deaton (2015).  There are two competing perspectives about the cause of the opioid explosion, and they lead to different policy prescriptions.  One view emphasises the demand for opioids which has perhaps risen either because of an epidemic of physical pain or economic traumas such as inequality and joblessness.  To fix the epidemic then requires addressing those root causes, which could require fundamental reforms of our economic system.  The alternative view is that supply-side innovations in the legal and illegal drug markets increased opioid consumption.  That possibi

United statesNew yorkWest virginiaFreidrich sertunerFelix hoffmanPurdue pharmaPrinceton universityProceedings of the national academy sciencesPrinceton university pressExpenditure panelFrench connectionMedical expenditure panel surveyGreat recessionCivil warHarrison narcotics tax actFrench connection