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Byron Williams
Winston-Salem Journal
I recently had the pleasure of listening to famed civil rights attorney Fred Gray explain how the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott was formed.
Gray recalled a meeting at the home of Jo Ann Robinson, an educator and activist in Montgomery, Ala., on the evening of Dec. 8, 1955.
One week earlier, Rosa Parks had been arrested for having violated the cityâs segregation bus laws. In addition to Gray, who represented Parks, local NAACP leader Edgar Daniel (E.D.) Nixon was among the attendees.
The initial plan was for a one-day boycott of the Montgomery buses that was held on Dec. 5. But the success of the one-day boycott prompted the group to think beyond their initial 24-hour prohibition. They formed the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA).
HollywoodCaliforniaUnited-statesAlabamaUniversity-of-alabamaOhioClevelandAmericaAmericanMartin-luther-king-jrClaudette-colvinA-phillip-randolphAre you woke to Black genocide in America?
By
April 28, 2021
The Civil Rights movement was propelled by the blatant portrayal, yet denial, of Americas systemic racism. The refusal to recognize the grave social injustices levied upon the African American community, compelled the church to respond. Clergy, Rabbis, community activists and Black and White activists led nationwide protests here in America. The Negro had been denied access to the American Dream and this needed to be remedied. No honest historian can ever claim that religion played no part in the process. Quite to the contrary: the church was the chief launching pad of the movement and activists of all colors were primarily recruited from the house of God.
United-statesVietnamRepublic-ofNew-yorkAfghanistanAlabamaIraqCanaan-baptist-churchAmericaAmericanRalph-abernathyClenard-childressAnd the Walls Came Tumbling Downâ is a riveting publication that seems to have garnered more controversy than praise for the late civil rights pioneer. When he wrote the 620-page book in 1989, Abernathyâs hope was to give readers an unprecedented look into the historic Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and â60s that he and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. co-created and co-led.
In the introduction section, Abernathy wrote, âI have decided to write this autobiography after all for two reasons: first, to show how life is lived during the era of Jim Crow and, second, to show what it was like to be at the center of the Civil Rights Movement as it operated on a day-by-day basisâ¦I was privileged to be in command headquarters â in the earlier years as Martin Luther Kingâs closest friend and âpastorâ of the movement, and in later years as its leader.â
FloridaUnited-statesGeorgiaChicagoIllinoisWashingtonAtlantaFirst-baptist-churchRalph-abernathy-gettyMartin-luther-king-jrBernard-leeDonzaleigh-abernathy*In 1954,
Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. wasnât the civil rights icon he would eventually become. At the time, King was in his mid-20s and served as the new pastor of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. A well-known pastor in Montgomery mentored King.  The mentor was
Rev. Ralph D. Abernathy, Sr., senior pastor of First Baptist Church, one of Montgomeryâs oldest Black congregations. Â Abernathy and King became close friends.
âMy father taught him how to pastor, how to lead a church,â said
Donzaleigh Abernathy, daughter of Ralph and Juanita Abernathy. âHe taught him how to administer communion.â
GeorgiaUnited-statesAlabamaAtlantaWashingtonEbenezer-baptist-churchFloridaMississippiFirst-baptist-churchChicagoIllinoisSammy-davis-jr