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Living as a social parasite leads to genetic impoverishment in ants

Münster (upm/jah) Three-dimensional surface reconstructions of the brains and head capsules of host species A. heyeri (top) and the socially parasitic species P. argentina. The ants olfactory lobes are marked in yellow. © Lukas Schrader Researchers compare genomes of ants and their hosts / Publication in Nature Communications Some species of ants make life easier for themselves: they live in the colonies of other ant species, exploiting their hosts’ resources. This form of social parasitism has evolved several times independently in ants. An international team of researchers headed by biologist Dr. Lukas Schrader at the University of Münster has now shown that these social parasites have lost some parts of their genomes. This so-called genome erosion impacted genes particularly important for non-parasitic ants, such as olfactory receptors functioning in chemical communication. These findings indicate that the evolution of social parasitism follows similar evolutiona

United statesCharles darwinLukas schraderAuguste forelNature communicationsPublication in nature communicationsLundbeck foundationEuropean research councilInstitute of evolutionUs national science foundationScience foundationWu münsterஒன்றுபட்டது மாநிலங்களில்சார்லஸ் டார்வின்இயற்கை தகவல்தொடர்புகள்வெளியீடு இல் இயற்கை தகவல்தொடர்புகள்

Computer designs magnonic devices

Credit: © Chloe Kim, Time Illustration Studio The field of magnonics offers a new type of low-power information processing, in which magnons, the quanta of spin waves, carry and process data instead of electrons. The end goal of this field is to create magnonic circuits, which would be smaller and more energy-efficient than current electronic ones. Until recently, the development of a functional magnonic device could take years of trial-and-error. Researchers from the University of Vienna and the TU Kaiserslautern have developed a new computational method to design new devices in a considerably shorter time. Moreover, the efficiency added through this novel inverse design method helps overcome a traditional problem with such devices: they were just suitable for one function only. Now, thanks to the proposed new concept, a primary device could, in principle, be easily modified to perform any function.

Andrii chumakQi wangPhilipp pirroNature communicationsPublication in nature communicationsUniversity of viennaகுய் வாங்பிலிப் பீர்ரோஇயற்கை தகவல்தொடர்புகள்வெளியீடு இல் இயற்கை தகவல்தொடர்புகள்பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் வியன்னா

Heat-free optical switch would enable optical quantum computing chips

Credit: Lucas Schweickert In a potential boost for quantum computing and communication, a European research collaboration reported a new method of controlling and manipulating single photons without generating heat. The solution makes it possible to integrate optical switches and single-photon detectors in a single chip. Publishing in Nature Communications, the team reported to have developed an optical switch that is reconfigured with microscopic mechanical movement rather than heat, making the switch compatible with heat-sensitive single-photon detectors. Optical switches in use today work by locally heating light guides inside a semiconductor chip. This approach does not work for quantum optics, says co-author Samuel Gyger, a PhD student at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm.

Nordrhein westfalenUpper austriaSamuel gygerErrando herranzCarlos errando herranzEuropean union horizonLinz institute of technologyAlice wallenberg foundationMassachusetts institute of technologyAustrian science fundJohannes kepler universitySwedish research councilPublishing in nature communicationsRoyal institute of technologyPaderborn universityNature communications

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