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Researchers from Louisiana State University have introduced a smart quantum technology for the spatial mode correction of single photons. In a paper featured on the cover of the March 2021 issue of
Advanced Quantum Technologies, the authors exploit the self-learning and self-evolving features of artificial neural networks to correct the distorted spatial profile of single photons.
The authors, PhD candidate Narayan Bhusal, postdoctoral researcher Chenglong You, graduate student Mingyuan Hong, undergraduate student Joshua Fabre, and Assistant Professor Omar S. Magaña?Loaiza of LSU together with collaborators Sanjaya Lohani, Erin M. Knutson, and Ryan T. Glasser of Tulane University and Pengcheng Zhao of Qingdao University of Science and Technology report on the potential of artificial intelligence to correct spatial modes at the single-photon level.
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VIDEO: A study using a scale-model containment system is reported in Physics of Fluids and shows why violent sloshing motions, which endanger cages and fish, arise and how to minimize them.. view more
Credit: Claudio Lugni
WASHINGTON, March 16, 2021 Sea-based fish farming systems using net pens are hard on the environment and the fish. A closed cage can improve fish welfare, but fresh seawater must be continuously circulated through the cage. However, ocean waves can cause this circulating water to slosh inside the cage, creating violent motions and endangering the cage and the fish.
A study using a scale-model fish containment system is reported in
Credit: TU Wien
We all have a clear picture in mind when we think of metals: We think of solid, unbreakable objects that conduct electricity and exhibit a typical metallic sheen. The behaviour of classical metals, for example their electrical conductivity, can be explained with well-known, well-tested physical theories.
But there are also more exotic metallic compounds that pose riddles: Some alloys are hard and brittle, special metal oxides can be transparent. There are even materials right at the border between metal and insulator: tiny changes in chemical composition turn the metal into an insulator - or vice versa. In such materials, metallic states with extremely poor electrical conductivity occur; these are referred to as bad metals . Until now, it seemed that these bad metals simply could not be explained with conventional theories. New measurements now show that these metals are not that bad after all. Upon closer inspection, their behaviour fits in perfectly with wha
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Copper nanomaterials with a cubic shape so perfect that they form neatly aligned stacks when brought together have been created by researchers at KAUST. The cuboid copper nanoclusters, developed by rational design, are a new member of an exotic nanomaterial family that has shown many promising properties but has remained very hard to make. Copper nanomaterials are a class of materials that exhibit useful properties for the fields of photoluminescence and catalysis, says Ren-Wu Huang, a postdoc in Osman Bakr s lab, who led the research. There is great interest in synthesizing new copper nanomaterials to understand how their structure influences their function.
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IMAGE: A molecular-level detail of the interaction between PVA and ice (from molecular dynamics simulations) view more
Credit: Credit: University of Warwick
Cryoprotectants are used to protect biological material during frozen storage
They have to be removed when defrosting, and how much to use and how exactly they inhibit ice recrystallisation is poorly understood
The polymer poly(vinyl)alcohol (PVA) is arguably the most potent ice recrystallisation inhibitor and researchers from the University of Warwick have unravelled how exactly it works.
This newly acquired knowledge base provides novel guidelines to design the next generation of cryoprotectants
When biological material (cells, blood, tissues) is frozen, cryoprotectants are used to prevent the damage associated with the formation of ice during the freezing process. New polymeric cryoprotectants are emerging, alongside the established cryoprotectants, but how exactly they manage to control ice fo