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But although the Indian Ocean is bordered by Africa, Asia and Australia, the single biggest harvester of yellowfin in the area is the European Union. EU nations – principally Spain and France – operate a “distant water fleet” of 43 vessels that fish the seas thousands of miles from home. In 2019 they caught 70,000 tonnes of yellowfin, more than Indian Ocean coastal states such as Iran (58,000 tonnes), Sri Lanka and the Maldives (44,000 tonnes each). EU ships are major users of “fish-aggregating devices” (FADs). These fishing aids are floating objects that cast a shadow to attract groupings of fish. By casting nets near FADs, catches can be increased with less effort but can lead to more bycatch – including juvenile tuna that have not yet reproduced.

South africaIndian oceanSri lankaAdam ziyadStephen ndegwaNirmal shahWorld wildlife fundIndian ocean tuna commissionBlue marine foundationSeychelles fishing authorityEuropean unionGlobal tuna allianceBlue marineNature seychellesஇந்தியன் கடல்ஸ்ரீ லங்கா