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A deep dive into cells RNA reality

 E-Mail IMAGE: The researchers compared the BOLORAMIS method with single-molecule FISH (smFISH) analysis, a common standard for RNA localization studies, by tracing the location of a long non-coding RNA molecule known as. view more  Credit: Wyss Institute at Harvard University (BOSTON) ¬ Human cells typically transcribe half of their roughly 20,000 genes into RNA molecules at any given time. Just like with proteins, the function of those RNA species not only relies on their abundance but also their precise localization within the 3D space of each cell. Many RNA molecules convey gene information from the cell s nucleus to the protein-synthesizing machinery distributed throughout the cytoplasm (messenger RNAs or mRNAs), others are components of that machinery itself, while still different ones regulate genes and their expression, or have functions that remain to be discovered. Importantly, many diseases including cancer and neurological diseases have signatures that app

Taking a Closer Look at Microbial Friends and Foes With Intestine-on-a-Chip

  This cross section of a mouse Colon Chip shows the actin cytoskeleton of epithelial cells in magenta, the overlying mucus in yellow, and the cells nuclei in blue. The team used this chip in a comparative analysis of mouse and human microbiomes to test their different abilities to induce tolerance to the pathogen Salmonella typhimurium. Credit: Wyss Institute at Harvard University Read Time: Trillions of commensal microbes live on the mucosal and epidermal surfaces of the body and it is firmly established that this microbiome affects its host’s tolerance and sensitivity to a variety of pathogens. However, host tolerance to infection with pathogens is not equally developed in all organisms. For example, it is known that the gut microbiome of mice protects more effectively against infection with certain pathogens, such as the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium, than the human gut microbiome.

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