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UPDATED: January 9, 2021 11:05 IST Increased military collusion between China and Pakistan is a clear and present threat. (Illustration by Siddhant Jumde) In 1991, multiple factors produced a military-strategic crisis unseen in India in previous decades. The collapse of the Soviet Union, New Delhi’s strategic partner, created a support vacuum which extended far beyond the immediate problem of sourcing spares for its Russian-origin military machine. A balance of payments crisis that year most of it fuelled by an arms buying tradngspree in the 1980s led to an economic crisis which led to the RBI (Reserve Bank of India) pledging gold to raise foreign exchange. The Indian army had exited a bruising counter-insurgency deployment in Sri Lanka. It had already been fighting insurgency in the Northeast for four decades when it entered Jammu and Kashmir to fight a Pakistan-supported insurgency. The economic crisis that year, however, led to an economic liberalisation that created wealth an

Jammu and kashmirUnited statesNew delhiNorth west frontierSri lankaBipin rawatPervez musharrafAtmanirbhar bharatMod ministry of defenceHindustan aeronautics ltdNational air defenceDevelopment organisationPeople liberation armyDefence researchSoviet unionReserve bank