moving from the colonial era which we've been talking about into talking about the praeli in any way to the revolution, the tensions that come out of the colonial wars more than the colonial wars. and so this is a sort of transition class period. we're going be spending the next several weeks talking about the revolution, the. justifications for it, the actual fighting in the wake of it. what do we do having all this freedom and not knowing how to set up a democracy? so we'll be going that direction. we've just covered the founding of jamestown in massachusetts in the middle colonies. and last time we were talking about how diverse the colonies were getting not just british, but different people, how much more population, how much were growing, how the economy was booming, and how the great awakening was both dividing. colonies one from another, or rather people within, the colonies one from the another, but also providing a common experience right? this is where we've come from. where we're going is the revolution. we're talking about wars and we're talking about tensions. the theme of today is the colonists were whining freeloaders getting all the benefits of british citizenship. yep. without footing any of the cost. that's the motherland fought to protect them. they then objected to carrying any of the burden for paying their share of the costs of protecting them. we're going to talk about the situation at the end of the last war, what the solutions, including curb the freeloading colonists. just stay with me on this, okay? stay with me on this. the european in nations were war over and over and over. by the time you get to george washington, he's telling america to don't get involved in europe. there's always going war to war with each other and so forth and history coming up to the revolution is experienced enough of that. king william's queen ends working. george is war over and over again. different reasons having to do with succession and having to do with colonial empires. some colonies are really thriving and the nations that own them are enriching themselves. others are jealous of of that. and this is providing extra fuel to the already burning fires of the tensions between the different european nations. so there's a sort of extra of reasons these are happening. they affect the colonies some small degree or another. this is the one that affects the colonies a lot. and in some ways sets the stage for the divisions that going to be talking about. we it the french and indian war. the fighting started, the ohio river valley. in the 70 and 1754, but it officially started and that's why it's called the seven years war. the british and the french are at each other, not just in north america, but all over the place. this is a very big war, a very costly war in terms of the seven years war and and north america. there's and newfoundland, there's fighting quebec city, montreal, fort niagara in western pennsylvania. the french are winning the british are winning. it's a real contest. one of the key turning points in this war is, the iroquois confederation taking the side the british and in that way turning the tables on the french and allowing the british to succeed and the french back off. and the winnings in this war are tremendous for britain. are the colonists who are mostly settled much in maine maine is a part of massachusetts and it's very sparsely. but from here on down, what role are they playing? 40% of the people fighting in north america are in fact troops. did the british send an army over? yes. so you've got redcoats who are fighting the sort of trained british army that are fighting, but 40% of those fighting are troops at this time the colonies colonies were contributing. however, the colonial was very informal. let's say. and so our professional troops. that's what's that what won us the war along with the native american allies. what did the colonial troops do? they fought when it was close to their home. they didn't pay when it was further away. when harvest time came, they left the battlefield and went home. harvest and. so one of the lessons coming out of the seven years war is that going to win a future confer picked. it's going to be the redcoats is going to be our standing our regular army and what's really important is those native american connections that we've got. what were the effects of the seven years war territory? the french controlled all of this territory and claim armed an awful lot of territory all the way down to louisiana. in 1763, in the peace that the seven years war britain gets all of the territory east of the mississippi. this is a huge part of north america. much larger the 13 colonies that we had to with that is to say it's not doubling the size its more than doubling the size of british holdings. so what did we win out of the seven years war? a massive amount of land, a huge victory. what else are effects of this war? losses, debt. this was a big fought in the caribbean, fought in north america, fought in other on sea and on land. this was a very big war france is in debt. britain is in debt. the losses are, real colonial losses we it's not like we didn't lose people over here. british losses diverging views of what happened. if you're somebody who lives in massachusetts sits and you were fighting up the lake champlain and going to it you have a sense of the way in which you were contribute you were fighting for the british. that's really different from the view in london where they're saying the key parts of this are the iroquois and army. what this person did fighting over here not really in the field vision so competing of even the experiences that we just went through. so the seven years war is something that like the great awakening affected the entire set of colonies. it's a common experi. all of the colonies fighting against the french were fearing what was going happen on the frontier with native american. so it's bringing us together, but also setting up a little bit of a divide between our perceptions of even how the war was being fought and who was contributing. the british and the colonies. things make sense. so far. do ask questions if if something is unclear, i can unclear. so what do we do? in 1763, the french settled by ceding all of these territories by the british have all of these territories now and one thing is clear the british to us to british is that things have to change. look what just happened with this war and the lessons from it we can't keep going on the way that we've gone in particular, there are three things that we need to make sure don't happen right now or do three things that have to happen. one is that we cannot have any more fighting. we are in debt. we have had this huge victory. we need to consolidate our gains. we have an empire that is worldwide. now so much territory. we need to make sure that we do not go to war again with the native american tribes in the wye valley. that we're the key part of this fight against the french. so they set up a proclamation line. your book has a your textbook has a nice map of it i should have brought in a map for how long? the appalachian mountains saying we can up to that line but we are not going to go past that because we cannot have another war right now. so peace with, native americans, absolutely essential now for the whole empire and for the british north american colonies. that's one of the things. the second thing is it's so clear that the colonies can't take care of themselves. look at how they were fighting so casual. when the fighting got rough, they run away. it's the british regulate. we have to have a standing army in north america. if we're going to hold on to these gains. we have to have a standing in north america. don't fight native americans. that's one standing army, the third one is we are deeply in debt and the entire empire needs to pay for the gains that we've got. that doesn't just mean taxing people in north america. that doesn't mean just taxing people in britain or in bermuda. it means everybody. but we can't single anyone out for special treatment. this we must not do. we're all british. and so we have be equitable in how we're fashioning taxes and how we're getting people to help pay their share of what was for the entire empire share the british north american colonies got a whole lot of the gain from this they had enemies on all and now they don't what an amazing thing for the first time in the history of, british colonialism in north america. they have peace on their borders. that's a huge thing that. the british empire did for british north american colony. but we shouldn't make them pay more than their share, but they should pay their share. so starting in 1764, there's series of acts. the is just over right? the proclamation line of 1763, that's at the end of the war. there was fighting for seven years before that. so right this the sugar we had navigation acts we talked about those the other day those are the ways the british connected the empire. and in essence, they made money if you were violating them you would be paying fees and so forth. but mostly it was to guide trade to britain you have to trans ship things through british ports to, get to the colonies. and in that way they made money and trans ship things that are exported out of the colonies to the rest of europe. in that way they made money. they were about orienting trade. now they're about making money off of the colonies, defraying the expenses of defending, protecting and securing colonies. the colonies had hardly been taxed at all before this, where we taxing people in britain, of course we were all kinds of taxes as taxes on legal documents taxes on goods, certainly real estate, on all of things. was parliament taxing, the british, north american colonies? hardly at all, mostly through navigation act stuff. parliament understanding that they had the right to just as they to everybody is british. we're just taxing different of the empire in 1865 the next year they didn't have enough money coming in the act didn't do it, they needed more. and so is on legal documents and so the stamp might make us think about postage. no, it's watermarks on paper if you had a legal document, if you're signing a will, if you're signing a deed, all kinds of things, playing cards, all kinds of things. it has to be on watermarked paper. and that's how they kept track of it. and you paid a tax on the watermark paper. another attempt to get the colonies to pull their weight you know, are they after this paying more than the british are paying in taxes. they still aren't paying much as the british britain are paying in taxes, but at least they're paying a little bit more. they're contributing to all that security that we gave them when our army and with the iroquois were able to push away the french and everything another attempt and we buckled. what a mistake parliament down when unreasoning colonial opposition flared and as a british person, i just have to say what a dramatic mistake, because what this does is teach wisdom that there's something special, that they're british like the rest of us. we're paying our taxes we're not rebelling. they can get a little upset and. we back down. what good is that kind of do you need to teach them a lesson. along with this, we tried to teach them a lesson. the declaratory act, it doesn't raise more money and that's a problem because without the stamp act, we're still not getting enough money into the coffers to pay our debt from the last war. parliament couple the repeal of the stamp with this act which simply clarified, let's make it clear those guys in the colonies that parliament has sovereignty over the colonies in all cases whatsoever. the right to make laws, the right to tax. if you are fact. violating those laws, you are a criminal is the law we're talking about. this is how society is going to work in this way. they're making the colonies at least after this. we were dumb enough to get rid of the stamp act, and so we have a debt problem. but at least they're that they need abide by the taxes that we're setting up for them. and the next year we course have to pass more taxes. we still the debt problem the entire empire needs this help other people are paying it. we need you to pay it. do place new upon glass lead paper paints tea it also tightened enforcement of what we've got there parliament clear in its right to tax. of course got a right to tax all of the british people everywhere they are in the world. push forward, legislate lectures it. this is i mean if you laws on the books a parliament is passing them and you have people are objecting to them and saying let's not go along with the laws of britain. treasonous is not a bad word to use for that the rule of law itself requires you to abide by the laws and they aren't. so the governors i mean obviously if these upstart assemblies colonial assemblies are acting in treasonous way, you're going to disband. you can't abide. these in place for several years. and after a terrible disorder and a terrible they to stupidly i would say were repealed they were repealed because of the boston massacre. what a drag today. nobody wanted this to happen. this was terrible. what hoodlums these young with stones throwing stones at. soldiers they cornered in a square and were throwing stones and snowballs. the mob was growing, growing. they were cornered. they couldn't get away. and yes, somebody started they fired of this terrible that they fired a volley. this crowd five died. what a tragedy. but why were they there? why were they being cornered? why were people pelting them with rocks? i mean, what start? this wasn't the troops is what started this. the colonists throwing stones and like thugs we the same things that any government would do when there is tragedy and disorder we tried to make sure this didn't happen again we should be able to have our army wherever our army needs to be. but we moved it out of boston to make there were no further problems. we repealed most of the town towns and duties except the one against 14 giving in to colonial again i argue this is a mistake that this does is teaches the colonists that they're you know unable disordered way of living is going to be rewarded by not having to be like the rest the british in the empire were treated they want to be treated as something special. the east india company we have to pass laws that are of benefit to everybody. and there was a particular part of the empire, an important part of the empire, the east india company, a very profitable company previously, was having a hard times it was near bankruptcy and to save it the crown gave a monopoly to this company and it set up more firm. nobody else is going to be trading for tea in colonies and we're going to lower the duties that we had on tea. remember the towns and duties and 1767 had a duty on tea, lowered it. but even though they lowered the duties and we're doing this for the whole empire, instead of celebrating it, they interpreted legal tea. as. what the hell's going on. they whipped themselves into frenzy and they dumped tea and were talking about a cup of tea. we're talking about barrels and and 45 tons. this is hundreds, thousands of pounds of tea, private that is destroyed, going into salt water. what do you do in the face of mobs who are destroying private property and thinking that's okay, what do you do in the face of who think that there's something who think that can be freeloaders letting the rest of the empire pay for the benefits that they're getting and being unwilling to pay. their way. what you do is you crack down. what else can you do? we tried else. we tried to be nice, which we even backed off on some of tax. we were clear. does it declare the declaratory act? but in the wake of this parliament passed a number of acts. note the plural. to bring this colony. we having such a problem with south carolina with the tidewater it was massachusetts. since that was being such a problem right now. and so we're going to be measured. we're not going to make everybody pay. we're going to make them pay. these acts closed. boston's port restricted the represent it of governing body that we could not trust longer look at how they were acting. we're going to try british in england. are you thinking we're going to try british officials, which could include soldiers, by the way, in mass issues. it's there's no way we could get free trial there. and we authorized the army has to be where it has to be the quartering of troops wherever they were needed content for the law mom behave you're freeloading cannot be condoned. next 30 seconds think about this. all right. you colonists, you america. hence, can you poke holes in any of my arguments there? you freeloading people, you. am i wrong with any of this? how would you. how would you phrase it? yeah. speaking generally by saying. oh, rights forever or this forever, when it was really just like people basically it was a whole bunch to talk about. yes. okay, good that's nice. other things that come to mind. yeah, i was kind of being told from the british point of view, i was just a little bit. yeah, but it was that point of view, the right point of view and maybe our elementary schools and middle schools and high schools where you've learned a rather different story about this are wrong. what's wrong here. yeah, well, i never once said it was very honestly biased towards british. there was no explore blaming the colonial motive england outside of that one part where you said that like someone who fought on side of the colonists during civil war, that's awesome. but that was really hadn't yet flipped into my british persona yet at moment. but yeah so it's not giving the justification. did you have something of it? no, no. and yeah, i was kind of going to say that in high school, i've never this point here is that true? yeah, they no reason for doing anything. the boston tea party looks like a school that we did it. i actually don't think i knew why i was in the boston. it's a party know it was it was lovely. no that's not the way that it was taught i'm sure but nevertheless is a perspective that we don't tend to get a until you get to college until start like on that first day flipping the map from one side to another. what does it look from another perspective? this is a different perspective, but the piece that i want to i to press just a little bit harder on is any of this wrong. yeah, i don't it isn't necessarily wrong. so i guess more broadly, maybe bias point towards the british. i feel like main points of mean both points view and see like you know where each person is coming from environmental and technology so i'm not necessarily wrong. i'm glad that i was able to present it to you and you're not rejecting it. was there anything that was particularly convince singh? was there a piece of evidence or slide or something that you felt like, wow, that's to think about. was there something that was less convincing. i think i'm going to leave that. but i want you to keep mulling that over. and we've got another bit that i'm going to do and then i'm going to be asking some similar questions toward the end and pull that. what was most convincing from this side from that side? this is what i put up right at the beginning and then this awful, stupid british professor trotted on a tirade where he was saying unbelievably mean about our colonies free. that is mean. well, could you guys bring this here or just find this? we're in the middle of a class? we'll talk later. yeah, that was very interesting. freeloading colonies. that's just insulting, whining. good lord, what is the matter with this guy getting all the benefits? well, of course they should have benefits. paying for their what? not only do pay something in the navigation, but we pay taxe
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