Job you made for mines. d over the centuries the slave trade forged new worlds and devastated others as violence subjugation and profit imposed their own roots the slave system created the greatest accumulation of wealth the world ever seen in. The late 18th century saw on the slave trade reach its pinnacle with over 100000 captives abducted and deported every year. At the extremes of human domination even in slavery we find there is always resistance there is always tension and theres always struggle. At the dawn of the 19th century the brutality of the Transatlantic Slave Trade brought about its decline europeans had to find alternative means of accumulating wealth after abolition they expanded the limits a concept of slavery. Brazil bears the legacy of slavery is finally years right as the slave trade was banned a 2nd wave of captives from africa were swept up in the bay of Rio De Janeiro over 2000000 slaves landed there during the 1900 centuries making rio the largest slave trade port in the world. People in brazil the african to south makes it very clear that brazil is. The 2nd largest african country in the world the only country where as more people of african descent brazil is my jury. In certain neighborhoods however simply being young black and poor can get you shot dead in the middle of the street over the past decade the rio police had been carrying out regular raids in the favelas on the pretext of ridding slums of time these operations had made brazil the world leader in Police Violence against the black population. Use it for us to be a tool for them will always be poor black for valid people well never see is any other way. Initially like it for them were all criminals people stare at us because of our hair because of our we live with their prejudices but i think its tough because theyve got the power and will always be a minority community. Little. When. 130 years after the abolition of slavery afro brazilians are still by far the countrys poorest community 2nd class citizens it in a world divided along color lines or i think its very important for people to realize that for 1820. 00 for every european that traveled across the atlantic there were probably 4 africans. But i dont think anyone had any idea of the whole of the history of the americas is written in terms of european settlement. In the late 18th century africans and mixed race creole descendants constituted the overwhelming majority of the population in brazil venezuela and the caribbean the only presence of africans in this society was depicted in watercolors by a french botanist during his stay in rio among the white population this massive presence of slaves fed fears of conspiracy poisoning and murder. Everywhere whites were a minority they had slaves in their kitchen in their living quarters everywhere they were the majority so there was this constant fear that they had collectively mobilized to kill the whites. And here at the heart of the new world those fears were actually materializing in the form of uprisings among the slave population by 791. Had become a powder keg primed to ignite and potentially destroy the entire slave system from the america all the way back to europe 45000 new african captives landed every year on the coast of this French Island colony where slaves made up 90 percent of the population. After the 789. 00 revolution in france the declaration of the rights of man rang out like a rallying cry for the newly arrived captives. Their slave loot is coachman foreman etc he felt that the whites were no longer in control of the situation but their power headway and they were only a few troops left the time had come to rebel. And rebel they did it began on august 22nd 791 with accounts from that night describing a tempestuous storm. Slaves gathered at a man. To listen to the prayers of a voodoo priest us and plan for insurrection. Although its unclear whether this clandestine ceremony actually occurred the date nevertheless mark the unleashing of a revolution that would sweep aside the entire plantation system. God who created the earth. To created the sun gives us life. God who holds up the ocean. Makes the condom or. God who has ears to hear you who are hidden in the clouds who watched spring where you are. You see all that the white has made a sucker and the white mans god asks him to commit crimes but the god within us who wants to do good in. Our god who is. Just orders us to revenge are wrong. Its he who will direct talk arms and bring us the victory it is he who will assist us we all should draw away the image of the white mans god who is so pitiless listen to the voice for liberty that speaks in all our hearts. Lets say and we need to work for a long time also ramoni called upon it and so stroll african daters. Its important to know that voodoo was present in each stage of the struggle against the colonial slave system thats. Nearly as clever as it is it was the voodoo religion that eventually united all the slaves who sought clear loss on this is discovered the war of liberation would last 12 years the resulting slave army was led by usual. Duty. Book man and force walk to sound the former coach driver was dubbed tool for his capacity to open up enemy lines the socalled black jacobins named after the revolutionary movement in france inflicted a 1st defeat for new french leader napoleon. The slaves also repelled subsequent british attempts to reconquer the island in 1804. 00 the 1st black republican history was born in haiti derived from the indigenous arawak name for the island the word freedom now resonated throughout the world and with it fears of the revolution spreading across the americas. It was a revolution made by slaves that had world historical consequences that slave real revolution in send the man destroyed the most productive colony in the in the world in a time when theres demographic growth and increasing demand for slave produce commodities half the worlds production was withdrawn from the world market by the haitian revolution so not only is there expansion theres a huge hole in this horse sources of supply so that reconfigured the whole atlantic economy. By the time dura woke up from the haitian nightmare 10000 white inhabitants had already fled the island. Plantation owners quickly found new lands to settle in and partners eager to capitalize on their knowledge of intensive farming. Sugar in cuba cotton in the us and coffee in brazil. The freedom slaves had acquired in haiti had a paradoxical consequence it consolidated slavery all over the american continent. In rios hinterlands the power of a valley used to be covered with impenetrable primary forests today the mountain sides are bare trees were cleared on must in the early 19th century to make way for intensive Coffee Farming a new source of wealth. As bread 5 the others a vote by uber the lots of as and the farms and the pa of our valley had up to 90 percent 1st generation african slaves. That would in a very short time a practically uninhabited area was very rapidly populated with countless slaves working on the farms with the hop in them and. Some plantation owners possessed up to a 1000 slaves all applied a Scientific Organization of labor rigorous accounts were kept of each days activities output per slave became the fundamental principle guiding plantation organization. Everything. It was built around the coffee drying grounds the slaves had to go out in groups in the morning to plant or to pick and the big plantations they had slave quarters enclosed barracks with one entrance and so that it looks like a car so situation was really hard to escape but the other reason is you could get the slaves up all that once in the morning and then as they marched out the gate you could give them their tools. So the space organizes the flow of labor. Everything thing has a function so that you dont even have to watch the slaves because you know what theyre supposed to be. d so its a kind of Industrial Production producing Industrial Raw Materials for the factories of britain and new mass consumption markets so theres a huge transformation of production which means for the slaves its much more exploitative the output proslavery goes up 10 times in an average in each of those crops from what i have been in the 18th century. 9000 kilometers away from europe these men and women wear the hidden face of the industrial revolution. The world was changing in the early 19th century europe was urbanizing and amassing more and more wealth money flowed freely and london was now the worlds economic at the center in the british capital a growing middle class flocked to the new Department Stores overlooking that the satin dresses combs ivory umbrellas and sweets they purchased with the fruits of slave labor. Theres a distinction between whats happening in the colonial societies and whats happening in the metropolitan societies and the metropolitan policy makers begin to disavow whats happening in the colonies in some ways and they stop recognising that kind of violence as their own violence slavery is the opposite of liberal freedom so britain as the bearer of freedom has to say slavery is wrong british abolition of the slave trade is the greatest justification say well were really disinterested its not for interest economic motives but for ideological motives were for freedom. The Business World was looking for less precarious investments buying stakes in british cotton mills was indeed far less incriminating. There was no plan in setting up the Global Economy as we see it today they were just you know manufacturers in britain developing new machines these machines suddenly needed much more cock so they tried to buy those cotton somewhere they didnt really care where it came from but the place where they found it where they were able to buy huge quantities ever had cheaper prices this was in the americas and this was eventually in the United States. In this new Industrial Society the supply of Raw Materials was the key to success from an Economic Perspective the worlds leading financial power no longer need if the slave trade. In 1807 britain results to abolish the Transatlantic Slave Trade. The thing that i think also needs to be said is that this was not simple and. Truism on the part of Great Britain in other words it wasnt simply the humanitarianism of the Abolition Movement its that britain did not want other imperial rivals to have the benefit of slave labor when in fact they didnt. In 815. 00 armed with its naval supreme a c. Britain imposed the cessation of the slave trade on its commercial rivals as abolition took effect among the leading european slave powers the decision gradually shut down the northern atlanta slave trade routes but it also set off fresh deportations too and within countries where slave ownership was still prevalent by grouping together the captives born on its soil the United States was also about to enter a new era of slavery a fairly small percentage of the people brought over to the americas in the slave trade actually came to north america probably 345 percent and yet by the time you get to 190825838 very large percentage of the a slave population is in the United States because of natural population growth so that is a very important part of the story Thomas Jefferson for example who advocated closing the slave trade did so at least in part because he knew that the slaves that he was going to sell from his plantations into the new plantation regions would become more valuable with the closing of the slave trade. The farming concentrated most of the country slave labor along the banks of the mississippi by foot or by boat sold or brought by their owners 1000000. 00 slaves from new york baltimore washington and st louis were deported down south new orleans and natchez became massive slain. Markets. After brazil the United States became the new land of industrial slavery. Most of the people were between 14 and 22. They were sold single and they were roughly of a bias to mation have men have women so if you think about that here young people take them out of their families out of their communities ship a 1000 miles away to really a very exploitative place where they have to form their own communities and their own families from scratch because that all the cut military that they had in their lives with such as it was was taken away. Plantation owners saw 2 options for increasing their human life stock buying captives of both sexes and inciting unions so that they would reproduce. The reproductive capacity the conception of children the bearing of children to term the raising of children has many meanings one of them is an economic need for slave holders and for the slave economy in general. Ringback womens wombs were now part of the Production System as their masters enjoyed complete dominion over them. Rape is very common. One of the most important stories that we have is that of a young woman named celia celia lived in Central Missouri on a small farm and she was brought there at the age of 14 and endured 3 years of rape Sexual Assault by her own or board 3. Children she eventually kills her own or and is tried for murder there in Central Missouri and while she is ultimately convicted of murder and executed shes convicted because by law shes not permitted to assert selfdefense as an slaved woman but no one disputes that she was right. To procure slaves brazil had to opt for another strategy perpetuating the slave trade but this time by what were now illegal means. Despite britains efforts to put an end to the slave trade it mushroomed in the Southern Hemisphere within 35 years over 2 and a half 1000000 men women and children were transferred from west africa to plantations all over the world they were soon joined 5400000 captives on the continent coast where the main market was in zanzibar. If you look from 815 to lets about around 85855. There were actually more slaves transported across the atlantic did it in the equivalent time in the history of the slave trade at the time is supposed to be dying. The indian ocean is one of the oldest commercial Exchange Zones in the world africa and the east have been trading here for over 2000 years ivory Food Products and clothes changed hands along these routes as well as african captives. Driven by western demand zanzibar became a strategic crossroads it was here that one of the worlds last slave trade ports was about to develop. Zanzibar developed in the 19th century largely as a major center of trade. But also became the center of a large commercial empire the sultan of zanzibar controlled not only zanzibar but tried to control the whole course flight. By 18 sixties Something Like 20000 slaves was coming through the lines about but of these slaves 8006000 maybe. What exported out. In the eyes of philanthropists from the biggest slave trading nations britain and france others were now to blame for the cruelty and ignominious slavery. In zanzibar others were arabs and swahili traitors. And then slavery became the criteria for creating a hierarchy the states of the americas including the United States were less than britain because they could live with slavery the brazilians the cubans were morally corrupt because they werent bothered by my coexisting with the evils of slavery so they were they were on a lower standard than the british. Africans were ruled out. The world map was redrawn to distinguish and lightened powers from what were considered half civilised countries barbarian kingdoms and lands populated by savages religions political regimes and degree of Cultural Development made up of value system used to rank peoples around the world according to these standards slavery had become a backward practice unworthy of a civilized nation merely fighting the slave trade was no longer enough slavery itself had to be eradicated with this global surge and abolition slavery and institution as old as humanity found itself on the retreat. It began in the former spanish colonies. Then came the british colonies followed by the french and finally dutch territories. And all the victory of the abolitionists saw slavery become a thorny issue for the United States. How could they renounce slavery when the American Economy was dependent on southern plantation owners in this wealthy elite often considered themselves as the heirs to greco roman civilization which legitimated slavery many were eager to make the connection expressing it in the architecture and interior decoration of their lavish homes for them slavery was a mainstay of the social order. Eventually the clash over slavery became one of the primary factors that saw the south attempt to secede from the United States in 1981 the country was plunged into a devastating civil war nearly 200000 africanamericans and rolled in the Northern Union army. For africanamericans the war is a war for abolition from start be they enslaved people who watch who wait who take their opportunities at every chance during the war to further the unions interest or free africanamericans a half 1000000 of them in the north many of whom will raise troops volunteer themselves for the union forces raise money and care for black soldiers when the union army fails to do so. Hard. That we. 865. 00 after 4 years of destructive warfare the us declared the abolition of slavery. At last they would claim their place amongst the supposedly more enlightened nations of the world. Will know. Her. Work as gain their freedom but this freedom is very. Very limited and its especially limited economically and of course then the reconstituted state governments of the American South they are deeply repressive and they are deeply interested in fixing workers to places not allow