This is the uj 22. Also on the battlefield much smaller drones, the sort were more used to people use them at home and commercially. These can be used for reconissance. Filming footage of opposition controlled areas. They can also be adapted to drop grenades or similar small explosizes like this small mortar. Grenades or similar small explosizes what grenades or similar small explosizes else makes di from what else makes drones different from other weapons . I talked about this earlier with an expert in Electronic Warfare in air defence. In a Research Fellow in sea power at the Royal United Services institute for that generally speaking, what you tend to see is a loitering munition effectively if you can imagine a missile with rather than simply going from point a to point b is able to be launched, able to circle and fly a bite pattern and be sent towards a target. Sent towards a target. Obviously without a pilot sent towards a target. Obviously without a pilot being sent towards a target. Obviously without a pilot being in sent towards a target. Obviously without a pilot being in the without a pilot being in the aircraft was of a uav does much the same thing but it will then come back to its point of launch or where its taken off to sense it can be used again. The key difference between them is one effectively is performing a one way mission but can wait in the sky and can hang around untila wait in the sky and can hang around until a target is nominated and sent towards it whereas the uav is acting like a normal aircraft, its flying around perhaps performing reconnaissance and going back to its Point Of Origin for the drones also used for effectively Aircraft Types as well. , used for effectively Aircraft Types as well. ,. ,. , used for effectively Aircraft Types as well. ,. ,. ,. ,. , as well. That was outstanding for the really clear. As well. That was outstanding for the really clear. Good as well. That was outstanding for the really clear. Good start as well. That was outstanding for the really clear. Good start but. The really clear. Good start but thank you very much. If we can come to you, what do you make of the attacks that weve seen in moscow and in kiva . And in kiva . Yes. For the russians key yom and in kiva . Yes. For the russians key yom there and in kiva . Yes. For the russians key you. There is and in kiva . Yes. For the russians key you. There is a and in kiva . Yes. For the russians key you. There is a certain and in kiva . Yes. For the russians| key you. There is a certain logic key you. There is a certain logic to maintaining their persistent bombardment of infrastructure. While the russians have shifted somewhat from the the russians have shifted somewhat from the tactics of the winter attempting to damage Critical National infrastructure such as ukraine National Infrastructure such as Ukraine Energy grid on a systematic basis Ukraine Energy grid on a systematic basis using Ukraine Energy grid on a systematic basis using both Cruise Missiles and munitions basis using both Cruise Missiles and munitions. Finally these missiles still have munitions. Finally these missiles still have a munitions. Finally these missiles still have a number of effects that moscow still have a number of effects that moscow might regard as positive. It forces moscow might regard as positive. It forces the moscow might regard as positive. It forces the ukrainian to make decisions forces the ukrainian to make decisions where on air Defence Systems decisions where on air Defence Systems fielded on the front line. It systems fielded on the front line. It forces systems fielded on the front line. It forces into sectors with up sometimes on targets which are not particularly sometimes on targets which are not particularly expensive or difficult for them particularly expensive or difficult for them and particularly expensive or difficult forthem and can particularly expensive or difficult for them and can serve as a bit of a propaganda for them and can serve as a bit of a Propaganda Tool for the regime to silence Propaganda Tool for the regime to silence some of the nationalist right silence some of the nationalist right of silence some of the nationalist right of its own populace. It is a number right of its own populace. It is a number of right of its own populace. It is a number of reasons this might be used for the number of reasons this might be used for the russians. Number of reasons this might be used forthe russians. Fort number of reasons this might be used for the russians. Fort kyiv assuming whats for the russians. Fort kyiv assuming whats happened in moscow recently is in fact whats happened in moscow recently is in fact a whats happened in moscow recently is in fact a reflection, it is driven is in fact a reflection, it is driven by is in fact a reflection, it is driven by the ukrainian government. Obviously driven by the ukrainian government. Obviously retaliation National Sentiment obviously retaliation National Sentiment in a way of bringing costs Home Sentiment in a way of bringing costs home to sentiment in a way of bringing costs home to the russian public. Heavily significant home to the russian public. Heavily significant and can have a broader political significant and can have a broader political attack. Just before i do i want political attack. Just before i do i want to political attack. Just before i do i want to show our view is footage from a want to show our view is footage from a drone, which is the more for the a from a drone, which is the more for the a drone from a drone, which is the more for the a Drone Work Item or use you. This the a Drone Work Item or use you. This is the a Drone Work Item or use you. This is not the a Drone Work Item or use you. This is not filming and this is ukrainian footage, which is Filming Trenches in a battlefield and basically being used as a kind of eyesin basically being used as a kind of eyes in the sky to see where the opponents are and make military decisions on that. As well as these bigger drones, these kind of smaller ones were used for filming are also playing a crucial role. That ones were used for filming are also playing a crucial role. Playing a crucial role. That is correct. What playing a crucial role. That is correct. What you playing a crucial role. That is correct. What you are playing a crucial role. That is correct. What you are seeing playing a crucial role. That is i correct. What you are seeing in playing a crucial role. That is correct. What you are seeing in the use of drones at all levels of war. The military talked about the tactical operation on strategic level of war for that the tactical level of war for that the tactical level is whats happening immediately on the battlefield at the front line between two opposing armies. The operational level is whats happening in the wider theatre of war, in this case ukraine for them and the strategic war is the Global Political dimension. Its the Global Political dimension. Its the level in which politicians fight for that thats mainly concerned with the countries were potential as a military industry, its Military Reliance and that kind of thing. You can use drones at all levels of war. You can use them for strategic reconnaissance, tactical reconnaissance, tactical reconnaissance as your photo shows either a classic example of drones being used to see whats happening behind the next hill, whats happening across it next kilometer. What do i need to know if im a commander to make my next decision . Thank you too for that. We had to brazil. The president has called. Mac the brazilian president , Luiz Inacio Lula da silva has called for greater integration among South American countries, as he welcomed ii of his regional counterparts to brasilia for their first summit in nine years. In his opening speech, the left wing leader urged banks to Work Together to finance development in the region and said governments should take coordinated action to tackle Climate Change. With more on this lets cross to the newsroom and speak to our World Service americas editor, mimi swaybee. Hi what is been happening there . All hi what is been happening there . Eli. Leaders were present apart from the interim president in what is said is his first summit in nearly a decade. The aim to bring together the region which has many frictions on the ongoing fractions focusing on Climate Change and high inflation. Even with lula back in the president ial palace after beating his predecessor mainly or most of the Heads Of State of the region being on the left side of the political sector click max spectrum theres many tensions across the region. Some of the attendees are facing severe domestic issues at home and some fighting for their own political survival. This summit is being seen as the first step in reconciliation and trying to put aside ideological differences to refocus on issues that are spinning across the in crier region. Potentially significant in the region for them any Surprises Jack was back there havent been any Ground Breaking announcements put up the focus was on unity, urging banks to finance developing across the region and have a cooperated approach to tackling the climate crisis. , , crisis. Even without the Surprise Announcements crisis. Even without the Surprise Announcements or crisis. Even without the Surprise Announcements or groundbreaking announcements or Ground Breaking regulations put in place, this is a significant summit in cells the basic dialogue having all the Heads Of States are one in the region in real life is seen as a really positive step, especially after brazil went back, went into its own Little Corner in the region during the bulls and arrow years. This is a very positive step. It hasnt bows narrow. It has had its fair share of controversy and having been positive. Share of controversy and having been ositive. ,. , share of controversy and having been ositive. ,. , i. , share of controversy and having been ositive. ,. ,. , positive. Just, as you are talking we saw the positive. Just, as you are talking we saw the leaders positive. Just, as you are talking we saw the leaders lined positive. Just, as you are talking we saw the leaders lined up, positive. Just, as you are talking | we saw the leaders lined up, the symbolism clearly is going to be important. Just talk us, remind us of the difference of leadership in brazil and why that is so significant. 50 brazil and why that is so significant. Brazil and why that is so significant. Brazil and why that is so siunificant. , significant. So it will lead the silver is a significant. So it will lead the silver is a leftwing significant. So it will lead the silver is a leftwing leader i significant. So it will lead the l silver is a leftwing leader and significant. So it will lead the silver is a leftwing leader and he silver is a left wing leader and he has been trying to bring back brazil and having an active role in the region is the far right leader who really retracted and severed many relations. Many important difference is that Nicholas Maduro is now sitting at the table again. He had a Long Standing Travel Band which was overturned by the left wing president. This is also been a very controversial as his socialist government has been accused of numerous Human Rights Abuses as well as trampling on democracy. This seems to have been forgotten as he was welcomed with open arms earlier to the summit. He arrived on sunday in anticipation for the summit. Hes also been given a bit of a diplomatic booze by being at this table. There are very different approaches to relations, lula seems to be trying to put aside differences and the past really focusing on unity Going Forward to tackle regions that has many issues come up many shared issues as well. High inflation has been rising across the area with poverty and hunger also on the rise. Its that unity that Lula Da Silva is trying to focus on and that is very different to his predecessor. Thank ou. Nato different to his predecessor. Thank yom nato is different to his predecessor. Thank yom nato is going different to his predecessor. Thank you. Nato is going to different to his predecessor. Thank you. Nato is going to deploy different to his predecessor. Thank you. Nato is going to deploy an you. Nato is going to deploy an additional 700 troops to kosovo. Young solberg announced yesterday in which 30 nato soldiers and the role of protesters were hurt for the what happened on monday when we had the worst violence that weve seen in kosovo for a number of years. It all kosovo for a number of years. It all kicked off in kosovo for a number of years. It all kicked off in this kosovo for a number of years. It all kicked off in this town, kosovo for a number of years. It ail kicked off in this town, which is in north kosovo in a majority serve area. Disturbances in which ethnic serbs, members of the k four Peacekeeping Force with those Forces Of Nature to do Kosovo Police came to blows up these were really quite worrying seems indeed. Its followed tensions which had been simmering for days. And because of International Partner as a result of all this have been very alarmed indeed. I all this have been very alarmed indeed. ,. ,. ,. , all this have been very alarmed indeed. ,. ,. ,. , indeed. I respect kosovo authority to suspend indeed. I respect kosovo authority to suspend police indeed. I respect kosovo authority to suspend Police Operation indeed. I respect kosovo authority i to suspend Police Operation focusing On Municipal Buildings in the north of kosovo On Municipal Buildings in the north of kosovo. And the violent protesters to stand down for them and we protesters to stand down for them and we will continue engaging with the two and we will continue engaging with the two leaders. As and we will continue engaging with the two leaders. The two leaders. As youre hearing ma or, the two leaders. As youre hearing mayor. The the two leaders. As youre hearing mayor. The eu the two leaders. As youre hearing mayor, the eu foreign the two leaders. As youre hearing mayor, the eu Foreign Policy the two leaders. As youre hearing mayor, the eu Foreign Policy chief| mayor, the eu Foreign Policy chief calling on kosovo authorities to withdraw the police from municipal buildings in north kosovo and those majority serve parts of kosovo. These disturbances really show us exactly the extent to which there were so many unresolved issues in kosovo 15 years on from the unilateral declaration of independence. Serbiajust won unilateral declaration of independence. Serbia just won among scores of countries which still dont recognise kosovo and serbs living in north kosovo are often caught between the governments as they go through all of their disputes. Thats how they ended up boycotting last months mayoral elections in north kosovo. Ethnic serbs parties voters that boycotted the mayoral elections in these four municipalities. Turnout was extremely low, three and a half percent. There were mayors elected, they were ethnic serbs and Ethnic Albanians rather in these at the neck serve areas. Three a half percent, not much of a mandate to speak of. International actors were warning kosovo authorities to proceed with caution. But that wasnt exactly what happened for that and the any kosovo authorities said the mandate is a mandate. I said the mandate is a mandate. I fundamentally disagree with this draught fundamentally disagree with this draught statute because it is a direct draught statute because it is a direct consequence of in ardent desire direct consequence of in ardent desire for direct consequence of in ardent desire for the public in kosovo. In contrast desire for the public in kosovo. In contrast to desire for the public in kosovo. In contrast to that i propose a normalisation model which serbia already normalisation model which serbia already has with Republic Of Croatia already has with Republic Of Croatia. Because there is no normalisation of a Good Neighbour relations normalisation of a Good NeighbourRelations Without Mutual