Transcripts For CNNW Amanpour 20160107 : vimarsana.com

And back to the future, my trip to a Nuclear Plant back in 2008. Good evening, everyone. Welcome to the program. Were in london. With that, north korea announced to the world that it successfully tested its most powerful weapon to date. A Hydrogen Bomb. Thats a thermoNuclear Weapon more powerful than the atomic bomb. The news sent alarm bells all over the globe. The United States, japan, south korea, even pyongyangs longtime ally, china condemned the attack, but the United States, the white house just said that initial reports are not consistent with a successful h bomb test, and the white house says the International Community continues to investigate. Now, ahead of a u. N. Emergency Security Council meeting on this issue, the secretary general demanded that kim jongun cease any further activities. This test still marks a dramatic escalation of north koreas capability. Moving rapidly ahead, despite international sanctions. The International Atomic agency described the test. Last september the general warned that north korea was busy building up one of its nuclear facilities, and he joins me exclusively now live from iae Head Quarters in vienna. Welcome to the program. Let me get straight to it. Do you believe do you think its possible that north korea would have tested the Hydrogen Bomb . The international cbtbo is monitoring a nuclear test. It is collected information on seismic events, and they have detected unusual seismic event. However, it is still at an early stage. Itll take more time to have better understanding of the event. Does the seismic event that you talk about, the tremors, does that match the size of an h bomb test . The seismic event was around around the five, and it is similar to that of 2013 when north korea conducted the test, but conducting Nuclear Weapon test is a clear violation of u. N. Security council, and it is deeply regrettable. What is the world to do about this . You head the iaea, neither sanctions seemed to have work for engagement. There was a period of engagement with north korea what was brief. What must be done. North korea to fully implement all regulation of Security Council and iaee. These resolutions expressed serious concerns and called on north korea to refrain from further such tests. Iaea is ready to contribute to a peaceful resolution. We have the experience of conducting safeguards in north korea, and our inspectors are ready to go at short notice when requested. Describe for us the plutonium process which we thought had been paid to and the uranium process that seems to be gathering a pace. The iaea does not have the inspectors on the ground now since april, 2009, but were monitoring the situation through satellite imagery, and as i stated in september, weve observed the activities like the construction of light water reactors or operation of the five megawatt reactors, or expanding the enrichment facilities. In 2013, North Koreans, stated that they will readjust and restart the nuclear activities. All of these combined make me have concerns, and that is why i made the statement in september. Director general, thank you very much, indeed, for joining us tonight. Thank you so much for joining us from vienna, and now we turn to new mexico where a Nuclear Scientist has perhaps had the best and most consistent access praking north Koreas Nuclear program, and hes been warning its been progressing by leaps and bounds. Thank you for joining us. You just heard what the director general said and what the United States has said pouring some skepticism on north koreas claims. From your best analysis, what do you believe happened . Well, the most important thing is that they fired a successful nuclear test. You know, whether it was a Hydrogen Bomb or not, of course, is important, but the most important aspect, they had their Fourth Nuclear test, and with that test, either theyve managed to potentially make a Hydrogen Bomb, or theyve been able to manage and make one of their simple bombs smaller and lighter and, therefore, more threatening. So i dont consider this a failure of a Hydrogen Bomb. Certainly, the explosive magnitude was similar to their third test. And more in the range of sort of hiroshima and nagasaki, but that is plenty, and i consider that test to have been successful. You know, you talked about making it smaller and lighter. So, obviously, theyre looking for kind of a miniaturization in order to put it on weapons, on Ballistic Missiles and the like. Is that what youre worried about most . This test, most likely, was aimed precisely as to how to make them smaller and lighter, and one possibility in doing that is not only to make a smaller and lighter normal atomic bomb, but perhaps to go sort of halfway between an at atomic bomb and a Hydrogen Bomb. That is what we call a boosted fishing bomb. In other words, its one thats, like, turbo charged bomb, and this boosting process actually uses the hydrogen iso topic fuel. Its really not a Hydrogen Bomb, but its possible they went in that direction. That would allow them in the end to make the warhead smaller and lighter so they could mount them on a missile. So whatever theyve done, its progress from their point of view and from their capacity. You were there a few years ago when they showed you a secret facility for uranium enrichment. Youve also been in china talking amongst a whole group of experts about, as you rightly say now, their expanded stockpile. Tell us what they have as best you as you or anybody knows. So, in 2010 when i was in november, they showed me, and quite frankly, it was an enormous surprise to see a centrifuge facility thats able to enrich uranium for the second pass to the bomb. What was surprising was the sophistication and the size of that facility, and the best as we know, thats the last time we know that anybody outside of north korea has been in the nuclear complex. The best that we can tell from overhead is that theyve continued to expand that complex substantially, and so whereas the plutonium path to the bomb for which you use nuclear reactors, and they have one small reactor that at best can make one bomb a year, having opened up this centrifuge capaci capacity, that perhaps allows them to make as many as six bombs per year. They expanded over the last five years significantly their capacity to increase the size of the arsenal, and certainly, one thing ive argued for over and over is to try to get them not to test in order that they wouldnt increase the sophistication of that arsenal. Well, professor hecker, thats the big question, isnt it . How does one it doesnt seem that anybody or anything has much influence. As i proposed to the director general, neither sanctions more engagement, and both have been tried over the last ten years or so, under several different u. S. Administrations, china doesnt seem to be making much end roads either. What has to happen now . Well, of course, thats difficult. Especially for a scientist to answer. What i have been trying to promote for a number of years by watching how the size and sophistication of the program has changed is the diplomatic route to get north korea, what i call the three nos, no more bombs, no better bombs, and no more experorts. That has not been sufficient. I think we sat back, the entire world, not just the United States. Its china and the rest of the world. And theyve watched north korea go from in 2003 most likely when they built their first bomb, to 2005 and 2008, i said they have a bomb and not a nuclear arse l arsenal. Today they have a nuclear arsenal, and by continuing to test, they make the arsenal more threatening. Thank you for your unique insight, and its a troubling situation. Now we turn to paris. The city of light that spent much of last year cloaked in darkness after multiple terror attacks. It started one year ago at Charlie Hebdo. A cartoonist reflects on that grim and painful day. I know how it is. Youre all set to book a flight using your Airline Credit card miles. And surprise those seats sometimes cost a ridiculous number of miles, making it really hard to book the flight you want. Luckily, theres a better way. With the capital one venture card. 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Ask their doctor about oncedaily namenda xr and learn about a free trial offer at namendaxr. Com. Now, this special Anniversary Edition of Charlie Hebdo hits french newsstands today. It marks one year since the deadly terror attacks on the offices in paris on the seventh of january, 2015. Two gunmen stormed the building and opened fire, killing 12 people. The latest cover depicts god carrying a gun and the cartoon, one year on the asis anyones still at large. It was drawn by reese who survived the attack and sat down exclusively with our Jim Bitterman to reflect on the nightmare day and to ponder what it means for freedom of speech in the future. Translator this past year has been very difficult. We had to rebuild the newspaper. We had to rebuild ourselves. Confront our pains. So it is on the one hand, a personal struggle. It was a personal fight. So here we are, one year later, with a vision which might be even a little more pessimistic today than it was one year ago. Reporter is it more difficult to be funny now than before . Translator no. We always manage to find the urge to laugh because we have the will to live. To laugh is like going to the restaurant. The its like going for drinks. Its a pleasure one has to continue to have. We dont have less of an urge to laugh. I think you said youre no longer going to do caricatures of muhammad. Why is that . I didnt say that. I said it was a question of circumstances in that we dont rule out anything. Maybe one day again well draw muhammad as a matter of principle. Reporter how do you put in perspective the attacks and the 13th of november which involved several hundred people . Translator i may be wrong, but im under the impression that after january 7th, and maybe even before, the authorities fear third down type feared this type of thing could happen. But how you get get the population to understand something before it happened . Maybe we had to wait until november 13th to everyone realized such attacks could hit everyone. I get the feeling things were out of sync between what the political powers had understood was going to happen and the population who could not imagine such events could take place. I would say that perhaps since november 13th, it has become easier for the political powers to take measures such as the state of emergency. I dont think a state of emergency would have been accepted before then. Reporter youre printing one million copies this week of Charlie Hebdo on the anniversary issue. Heres the cover. Can you explain what it means . What is it, exactly . Translator its a caricature representing the symbolic figure of god. To us, its the very idea of god that may have killed our friends a year ago, so we wanted to widen our vision of things. Faith is not always peaceful. Maybe we should learn to live with a little less of god. Reporter so this is not muhammad . Translator no. This is not muhammad. Its above him. Its the god of all believers. Reporter thank you very much. Reese with our Jim Bitterman in paris. After a break we return to north korea as we imagine a world where the herm it kingdom works with the west to do nukes. It sounds like the stuff of dreams, but not so long ago it was a reality that i witnessed, the north korea that was, next. Hwell match any competitorse best prprice. This . What about this . Price match guarantee. And this . Yep so no monkey business, no tomfoolery . Oh, we do have tom foolery, tom. Staples has a price match guarantee. Make low prices happen. Staples make more happen. I absolutely love my new but the rent is outrageous. Good thing geico offers affordable renters insurance. With great coverage it protects my personal belongings should they get damaged, stolen or destroyed. [doorbell] uh, excuse me. Delivery. Hey. Lo mein, szechwan chicken, chopsticks, soy sauce and you got some fortune cookies. Have a good one. Ah, these small new york apartments. Protect your belongings. Let geico help you with renters insurance. And finally tonight, imagine a world where secretive paranoid north korea looked like it was playing ball by eliminating its nuclear threat. Thats the north korea that i along with a small hand full of journalists witnessed in 2008. We thought it would be interesting to look back at our trip to the plant in light of whats just happened. Reporter we are 60 miles outside the can capital, pyongyang, driving down a long, bumpy road, on the way to a tightlyshutted outpost at the center of worldwide controversy. Thank you for having us. Were interested to see whats going on here. This is the top secret Nuclear Plant where north korea used to make energy and has made plutonium for Nuclear Weapons. This is the last place we thought the North Koreans would ever let us film, but they want to make a point to cnn and to the world. In february, 2007, north korea agreed to disable this plant in exchange for fuel oil, trade, and being removed from the u. S. List of state sponsors of terrorism. Though some might call this a carefully cover yo graphed show, the tour appeared to be a sincere effort to prove theyve shut the plant down. On a hillside overlooking the Nuclear Plant, north korean officials set up a reviewing stand and seats for the u. S. State department delegation and the others who had come to witness the destruction of their cooling tower. As dignitaries, technical experts and the press waited, an official from the plant gave the signal. First, a warning flair, and three minutes later, a massive cloud of smoke. As the tower crumbled, the sound of the blast finally hit the air. There was a moment of stunned silence as it sank in. Then a quiet handshake between the u. S. Point man on north korea and the director of safeguards at the Nuclear Plant. A complete demolition. Reporter dr. Lee said he was sad to see his lifes work destroyed, and yet, he said, i hope the explosion of the cooling tower will make a contribution to peace, not only for the Korean Peninsula but for the whole world. It has taken north korean experts two weeks to carefully latex ploesi lay the explosives. Its not simple to employblop and make it come down. Reporter after surveying the rubble, they said the stage is now set for the next phase of negotiations, to fully dismantle this and hand over the plutonium, including the bombs it has produced. That was then, and that was it for plutonium processing, but two years later our guest was shown a new secret facility right there for enriching uranium, the other route to the bomb. At the end of last year, north korea fully and officially restarted the facility and it started this new year with a big and ominous bang. Thats it for our program tonight. You can always listen to our pod cast, see us online, and follow me on facebook and twitter. Thank you for watching. And goodbye from london. singing alougetting to know you. Getting to know all about you. Getting to like you. Getting to hope you like me. Is someone getting to know your credit . Not without your say so. Credit lock lets you lock and unlock your transunion Credit Report with the swipe of a finger. Getting to know you. Getting to know all about you. Get onetouch credit lock, plus your score and report at transunion. Com. Get in the know. This is cnn newsroom. We want to welcome our viewers joining us from the u. S. , and a warm welcome back to our international viewers. Im errol barnett. And im rosemary church. Chinese stock markets are shut down trading for the second day this week after sharp losses early i