Terrorist attack by hamas a brutal Surprise Attack . By hamas in israel israel, whos firing back, was followed by a horrific retaliation in gaza now there are fears of a wider war and america has a target on its back the iranbacked Rebels Stryker us own shift at the center of the fears of a wider conflict is iran it is linked to hamas there has too, the who team all part of its Axis Of Resistance why is iran at the center of this conflict in so many ways and why this relentless hostility to america to answer those questions, we need to go back decades and try to understand why iran hates america good evening. Im Fareed Zakaria. Iran in the United States shared deep psychic and emotional scars going back years but none is remembered more by americans than the Hostage Crisis of 1979 we watch what appeared to be an irrational, furious attack and wondered why or how anyone would act this way . But to iran taking the hostages was completely rational given the history that led up to that moment in November 1979 iranian students stormed the us embassy in teheran, turning it into a prison for American Embassy staff the gang revolutionary spent months in the embassies basement trying to piece together evidence of past american misdeeds why . Because decades earlier, that basement was where american and british spies had plotted a coup against what had long been a close ally youre on the us from 18, 52, 1950, had the best relations the man seen here, Shaking Hands with president harry truman in 1951, was irans Prime MinisterMohammad Mosaddegh he was very adept at the theater of politics, who is a great orator. He was incorruptible for years Chris Mossadegh had complained about the agreement that had given the british control of irans oil resources. The vast majority of revenue for your own, you all would go to the british government, not to the people of iran. There was probably almost 9010 but in a, momentous decision, the parliament voted to nationalize the oil industry. Then elected mossadegh as Prime Minister. One month later as soon as he nationalized the oil, the british decided that they want to overthrow him to Truman Administration has stopped him and said, no, this has to have a diplomatic solution. So from 51 to 53, there is an effort by the us to broker a diplomatic agreement between the british and iran harman, along with Us Ambassador grady san her seeks to end the oil dispute between breton and iran the agreement never materialized. The United States was in the early years of tensions with the soviet union, the cold war among their battles for supremacy, the two superpowers were fighting for dominance in the middle east. Oil deposits underlying iran soil gave the soviet premier good reason for him designs on this militarily helpless nation. There were many different political groups inside iran at that time. And one of the most powerful was called the to their party, which was basically irans Communist Party which was heavily funded by the soviet union. And so the United States worried about the possibility of said theyre siding with the to their party washingtons Russian Embassy drones are lavish index, but most important guest present as the premier of iran mohammad more today, the us was determined to keep communism them out and to keep iranian oil flowing to the Western World so the british and The Americans plotted to take down most adek it was plotted in the british and american embassies. The british worked with agents of the cia, a grandson of Teddy Roosevelt kermit roosevelt, to undertake a coup against this government the u. S. s involvement in the coup is detailed and government documents that malcolm burned shared with me at the Nonprofit National security archive where he is Deputy Director and director of research and these are documents that are original Us Government documents written at the time, classified. And through a variety of we means you have managed to get them either declassified or some reporter essentially got them leaked right . Thats what these documents are, right part three, covert and overt action. This is the coup so eisenhower proves it a lemon july 1953 Prime Minister of england approves one july 1953 yeah, thats amazing. Key to the plot was convincing Shah Mohammad reza pahlavi, the monarch who ruled iran, to personally take action to oust more also deck august 15 at midnight, soldiers narcan most adult store and deliver an letter to him, dismissing him from the role of the Prime Minister in the morning, he goes on the radio. He says there was a coup attempt against me most of the uk refused to accept his dismissal from office and fought back and on his orders, troops occupied the chinese palaces and surrounding parliament the show, who was waiting to see what happens fleas, youre on immediately on august 19, the tide turns against monsanto, former premier muscle decks, ruined house is a mute testimony to three days, a bloody rioting culminating in a military coup, a show who had fled to rome comes home back, by general zahidi, military strongman, Who Engineered is returned to power after the coup succeeded most of that was convicted of treason sentenced to prison, than spent the rest of his life under house arrest as for the show he started consolidating power, becoming more and more of an autocrat. He runs democratic experiment, was over. Throughout the decades of the shahs reign iran kept a very Good Relationship with israel. They traded oil that kind of relationship between a Muslim Country and israel was, it was very important just as a Bordine To America was continuing to limit soviet influence inside iran. The United States, or worried that in countries like iran where there was enormous Wealth Disparity it was going to empower communism because people would see this Wealth Disparity and say, there should be equality and so for that reason the us pushed the show to enact these different reforms. Basically trying to promote more economic equality and Gender Equity inside iran the White Revolution, as it was known, was not universally embraced in iran one of the most vocal critics was a shia cleric and future leader of another revolution ruhollah khomeini. He resented the land reform, which was were going to take land away from the clergy and he in particular resented any gender equality. Khomeinis rhetoric would help foment wider dissent that lead to rioting Government Forces eventually quash the riots and imprisoned for mainly before exiling him the shot remained prowestern surrounding himself with an elite class that was western educated and oriented. Many of his admittedly progressive reforms created friction with irans more conservative Muslim Population and then there were many who are bitter about not benefiting from the White Revolution reforms. Whats more . There was growing resentment of the chars lavish lifestyle, which was epitomized by one Extravagant Party in 1971 this huge celebration that honored the 2,500 years of monarchic rule of people from All Over The World flew in and maxims and perez provided the food and they had the finest european crystal. And it wasnt many ways that celebration of the monarchy that alienated so many. But any discontent would be putting down by the chars ever more repressive regime. Could a generalist in iran to criticize his majesty . He could, but i dont think that he would and his secret police, the savant, were brutal hundreds, thousands of iranians were executed putin disappeared yet the shaws mistreatment of his citizens did not deter thousands of americans who enjoyed living in iran. I first went to iran in 1973. There were casinos. Fashion was at its height. What was a place where an american felt very comfortable . Lay where an american president jimmy carter would give this toast on new years eve. There. Because of the great leadership. But the shop this an island of stability and one of the more troubled areas of the world. Before long, that illusion of stability would be shattered in december 1978, its wrongs of protesters demanded the removal of the show and the return of roe whole lot khomeini, five weeks later, the shye and his family fled to egypt its a day a boss melannie remembers, well, and that day i want to see whats happening in the streets. There was joining the street. People were passing around images of but fleming then they got The Real Thing with khomeinis return to iran, watching khomeini step off the plane and he was so mob they actually had to kind of scurry him off still. There was unrest. The us embassy was attacked and although this time the mob eventually left, it was a harvard drove what was to come eight months later after president jimmy carter allowed the now exiled shah of iran to come to the us for Cancer Treatment the xia had kept his sickness a secret. So some suspicion began to grow that the cancer issue is excuse iranians did not believe the show was ill and worried that the us would return him to power. I think theres a Straight Line that could be drawn from 1953 to 1979. The fact that the popular government of Mohammad Mosaddegh was toppled through a british an american crew created fears in 1979 that the us would try to do the same thing and admitting the shaw and to the us was the trigger for the revolutionaries to try to prevent that from happening. By taking hostages coming up. After the shot that was hoped for democracy. But instead, what emerged was a brutal theocratic regime to advance the future of golf, Pga Of America chose tmobile for business with a 5g powered innovation of the analyze player for four minutes and expand coaching tools. Take your business further with americas largest 5g network so i hear some of you are concerned about the fact that im taking them with the company for my great uncle. Well, rest assured companies in great hands at the bid muscle. Now, yeah, now, were bringing together the nations agents in a Super Comprehensive agent directory. 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They had another more sinister theory there was a big fear among the revolutionaries that the United States and the shaw might try to pull another coup a coup that would involve the us placing the sharp back in power and putting an end to the revolution iranian students took over the us embassy in teheran to look for direct proof of the american plot and to demand that the us extradite the show to stand trial for what they considered were his crimes against the iranian people and if president carter does not release the show fight to fight nearly six months into the Hostage Crisis the us launched operation eagle claw a Covert Mission to rescue the 52 hostages, which ended in a devastating crash. Eight Us Service Members laid dead in the Persian Desert a humiliation for the american people, hopelessness for the hostages, for romania and his disciples. The failed Rescue Attempt was a divine victory. And further proof that The Americans could not be trusted lilly iranians had been caught completely by surprise. They capitalized on the failure of the rain. Some of their leaders could not resist lording it over The Americans shot consolidation mad man at me on while irans religious hardliners were dead set against influence from the west. Irans moderates had been moving their country towards democracy with the support of much of the population the overwhelming sense of the day of the revolution was that this was the beginning of a democratic era democracy system based on islamic values an affidavit and there were individuals that people hoped could emerge as leaders of democratic country one such leader was a popular moderate who was appointed to be first Prime Minister of the provisional government, has named Maddie Bizarre Gun and later the moderate able hasan bunny sadler became the Islamic Republics first president the two were devout muslims. And advocates of islamic democracy human rights, and social justice. But it did not take long for whom many in his religious hardliners to turn against this liberal vision. They were not going to let this provisional government turn iran into a Secular Democratic state from any used the Hostage Crisis and the showdown with the United States to isolate and sideline the new provisional government to consolidate authoritarianism. Pan tilt the country even further against the us. And it was very machiavellian about it. Prime minister bizarre gun, who was opposed to the hostagetaking recognized that the momentum was with khamenei, and he resigned shortly after the embassy was seized president bunny sadler was impeached in june 1981 and i think everyone underestimated khomeini i think people thought that he was going to be this pacifist religious leader and once the monarchy was overthrown in iran, he would simply retreat to form and become a spiritual later instead, it was just the beginning of khomeinis reign of terror. A Government Takeover marked by repression and brutality zero tolerance, theocratic regime under the rule of a religious leader philosopher king, who would but guide society and tell people how to live according to islamic values khamenei and his new government ruthlessly consolidated their Power Targeting officials from the shas, former administration revolutions eliminate the old order by putting it to the soar. Its oftentimes the individuals who are most affected active in mobilizing violence who prevail and khomeini was that person in iran. And if he calls you to fight a holy war, what will you do . I do eat. But how will you do it . Do you have the weapons . Yes, we have khomeini created revolutionary committees to purge key figures accused of being enemies of the revolution. They all wanted to eliminate all the top bureaucrats, technocrats political appointees, political activists, journalists who, who were accused of being close to the monarchy, Armed Citizen Militias were organized, empowered to carry out summary justice. A revolutionary court was established to adjudicate cases in a bogus legal system. The newfound revolutionary government Under Khomeini was really in the business of re