all right, we are going to get started. everyone come on in and grab a seat. so, thank you for getting back in so quickly after break. we are starting the second panel. this one is directly from professionals on elections at the state and county levels who [indiscernible] i am really excited to be coming by five -- a bipartisan group of democrats and republicans. whom i have known for years and respect a great deal. so i will briefly introduce them. feel free to elaborate on anything i've said. when your turn comes. but as many of you might know, this is secretary joslin of michigan. joslyn and i have known each other for years and years. and she has won election to the secretary's office in 2018 and then she also won the 2020 election. and she wrote the book on secretaries of state. for -- before -- took office. i encourage you all to read it. to her left is matt masterson. on one hand i can tell you, what i really think of him and his work. but he is going to be saying nice things about it. so i will just a that at has served very high levels of the same -- election office. he served as election commissioner. he served as a cyber -- cybersecurity infrastructure -- now he works at microsoft. he is one of my go to people on all of his things especially right after [indiscernible] [laughter] two mats left is out schmidt. -- many of you might recognize him as his many appearances on tv and as a witness before the january 6 committee as well. to his left is rain for relief former election -- in the state of nevada. he was transitioning to job in 2020 with the legislature but foolishly still stayed in and helped run november 2020 election the state of the bottom. -- state of nevada. -- which we all know -- won the election thanks to the secretary of state and her office as well as the county election shows. we will talk more about that later. and then on the are in is former acting secretary of -- commonwealth chapter. so if you know commonwealth is getting very big. and secretary chapman is has been filling that role for a few years. -- it's been an election for quite some time. and it is nonprofits elections and now she serves as the secretary in the state of pennsylvania. with that, i want to talk a little more about each of your experiences. that you've seen in 2020 and today as we sit here 16 days since the november 2020 election. there were so many new things happening in michigan. all the intellectuals that have been passed by voters and state beneficiaries and then covid hit, i will just they march 10 was the primary 2020. i was visiting places -- polling places when we started to get word about how bad covid would be. in the next day was the day we started shutting down places. and that is what drove it home for me. so you might not have seen too much of the mary's but you have -- the problems that were going on in the economy. talk about the experience of 2020 and then we will go on later and talk about some other things. >> you said it right. i would like to bring this all together my colleague secretary edges berg and also -- standing expert of elections in this again chris thomas you all know you are fortunate enough to have the dean of all election directors in the state of michigan for a long time nationwide so a lot of preparation for research started long before 2020. it was with leadership like election director thomas and subsequently jonathan bringing experts to the state to help us implement new changes that were implemented by voters in 2019. i will talk briefly about that but anything that david played out -- both realities of what we lived through. one, our elections in 2020, all four of them that we had throughout the year, every election since has been extremely smooth, highly secure with extraordinary turnout levels. every one of our 1600 clerks throughout the state as for the most art stepped up at every turn to ensure that we did everything good to meet the scrutiny that was placed on us. -- with this story is one of great success. despite being the eye of the storm. and the other thing is this information that fails and covers everything this cloud of confusion that i believe was intentional for various reasons. that is a very clear statement about what we really experience and the other thing i will exercise is a lot of you know that this book on secretary of state has a democratic process into thousand eight trying to tell a story of how democrat amber rick perry's date like secretary grayson -- serving at the time and others were doing great things that were going unnoticed in the states. and i took those us -- those best practices and then when i was elected in 2018, i saw experts including many in this room and among us panel, all to come to michigan on how to advise us on implementing voter registration. postelection audits as well as online voter registration. and i bringing the experts and following data and many best practices from california and oregon and other states that had already implemented a lot of these things, we found, i said this after the 2020 election, if you follow the data, if you look at the best practices and learn from others experiences and do the right thing. -- all the details making sure that every clinic has the resources and machine that they need to receive you succeed. that was a great thing to experience and say you know what it is a very professional operation that we run in michigan and our clerks run at the local level. and if you lead by a bipartisan stamp weight and do this practices and do it with an air of professionalism along the way, people no matter where they live or who they vote for can vote, you can succeed even if there is a storm clouds of misinformation which is what we incurred and continue to incur. so the bottom line is we can, we did, and we will continue to exceed in managing this. if the people lead in the systems follow the data and remain on partisan and professional and implement voter. >> and i'm going to skip over you matt which i will do a lot during this panel. i want to go to al for second because as michigan was an lamenting a lot of plan changes and changes that were challenging for election officials and voters to understand. pennsylvania in particular was doing that as well. so pre-covid you were introducing paper ballot. putting technology into first place for the first time. you are allowing for mail-in voting. and mo vote -- more voters to do that. could you do a little bit about -- could you talk a little bit about laying the groundwork for this up to 2020 and how that played out in november? >> sure. even though a lot of counties including ours went into 2020 kicking and screaming about a lot of the requirements of the men of state, it was having us implement including new voting systems with voter verifiable paper ballot, we were so poor -- fortunate that the state made that a priority for every single county. i cannot imagine this additional information -- misinformation going on. -- about half of our voters voted in primary and half in the general election. that was 375,000 voters that voted by mail in that election. that on top of the covid environment and the one thing that i sometimes forget is we also had significant civil unrest in philadelphia which was a concern for us and we had polling places that were close. our voters being able to make it to goals on time. it was a whole constellation of challenges that we face. there was always the right amount of tension between -- i'm republican and i stay with two democrats and it is designed that way to have a checks and balances. at the end of the day, it helped resolve a safe and secure election in the history of philadelphia. it is not an adjuration. i don't think it's objective because we had paper ballot and we never had that before. quickset is a great point. it is not just pennsylvania that made that change. georgia, they made the change to all verifiable paper ballots and 2020 the north carolina officials here went statewide with paper ballot in 2020. that's one of the reasons we saw greater ability to transparently verify the outcome of the election. more so than any other election than we've had in the american history really. nevada already had a history of note -- low voting. many of the rules around the election there were some changes but a lot of them were the same as they've been in previous elections but you saw pre-election and postelection scrutiny on the process to try to g dj -- delegitimize it. could you talk about what you're saying? >> sure. that is a long history -- although the voters of nevada did not take much advantage of that so it really was an issue of gail in about a rather than new processes. there were other changes going on in nevada that added -- 2018 election administration had in consistent. there had not been a lot of changes in the legislative level. and our county election officials a couple of which are here. i'd like to give a shout out to gloria -- reno who did a great job at secretary of state's office is -- we had to make changes because of what the legislature enacted in 2019 and voters in 2018. our election officials were working on implementing medical registration at the dmv. and implementing registration and calling laces. and then the covid 19 pandemic hit. we also put a lot of money in at the state level of purchasing new voting machines prior to the 2018 election. we were still using the machines that we purchase with the influx of -- dollars. so there's a lot going on and all of a sudden, our legislature said, every voter is going to be mailed a valid -- ballot for the general election. and in the prior presidential election we only had 6.5 percent of the voters in nevada that chose to vote via mail-in ballot. even though they all had the opportunity to. so it is absentee but it has not traditional be -- been used because we put a lot of emphasis in our early voting process. all of a sudden, in 2020 we had under for percent of the voters voting by mail and the general election. it became an issue of scale and not necessarily from new processes, it was a real task trying to take voters and many of whom voted by mail him a 2020 election had never voted by mail for eared so educating the voters about the process and that this was not a new process that we just put together at the last minute this is a process we had for many years. it was a matter of scaling it up. so, i don't know how successful we were at the educating porch. certainly there are things we could have done better and i think that is -- election officials across the country and look at how we can educate voters in a better process. and they come from a lack of understanding processes. so even though there were not many new processes we wanted to -- other election officials in the state in this room receive and it was a difficult time. i will be honest. even the secretary of state's level where we were at the administration level the county officials are doing the heavy look. they are doing most of the work and getting most of the higher -- even at the state level. it was a difficult time. personally, professionally for my family. but, i think with that said with this pedal and prior pedal that was extremely successful election. and that is a great testament to the election officials at the local level to implement either new processes or scale up pre-existing assesses. and to do that in the middle of a global endemic it was just amazing to see how successful it was. >> yeah. i will go from you matt -- matt you were from dhs security infrastructure at the time as we all it. and you saw the things we was talking about across the nation. the -- if we all think back for a moment especially those of us in this room, the night -- we did not hear a lot about september 3. i'm trying to back to where their news reports online of the holes. not really. where their news reports of the machines not working not really? they went pretty smoothly. it was not until thou carmen started to be known -- the outcome started to be known. -- what he has to say about election name and talk about that a little bit -- dhs in particular really tried to set the record straight on these things. i don't know if we can talk about the political rushers that were light but i think everyone worked with dhs thought that was an incredibly professional group. the role they paid played was very important in the postelection period. thank you to be on this panel but to be in this room it is pretty humbling. as the folks that administered the election across this country that as wayne said in the -- republican they risk their own lives and health and their staff and families to ensure that democracy was administered. that is overwhelming area i am thankful to be here and incredibly umbel to serve on this panel with these full sitting in this room. we have worked since the critical infrastructure designation of 2017 to build relationships and engage with state and local election officials across the country. by the time we got to 2020, the relationship with all 50 states, the territories in thousands literal thousands of election officials across the country had information sharing analysis enter with the work we were doing with our field rep. cybersecurity and heading into 2020, was to improve the overall cybersecurity of the systems after what happened in 2016 where russia targeted our election infrastructure and attempted to undermine confidence during the election. we spent so much time and energy working to this relationship to those election officials and implement best practices. that overs -- others have reference. so as we sat there we had done everything we could think of to the election officials -- two published risk assessments about how we could better secure the election. and the election officials the country that practices that several times between having $.95 valid cath -- 95 plus percent balance cast -- this states that implemented everything for multi factor authentication to instant response planning we had literally done tabletop exercises with thousands of local election officials and state election officials of the country. all that to say is we headed into election day 2020 confident of the resilience of the ss. even if something was going to happen we were confident that the state and local elections were prepared so fully and have adjusted the seizures in the face of covid and prepared for that those that worked around election officials you know they spend their time asking themselves what can go wrong? how do i care for that? and once those steps are taken they asked what else can i do what else can go wrong? how can i assess that. they are type a. there are total control eggs in the best possible way to ensure due process. so we hid to election day we are in our operating inter in virginia and we are connected a chat room with thousands state local officials and it is quiet. there is here and is there as there always are in election. as there always are with literally millions of people participating in a process but it was nothing major was nothing alarming. in fact, the times in the chat room it was people just joking and sharing information because it was so quiet. and i can say i've been in election since 2006 this was the quietest election day i've ever asked. at every level. it was quiet area so to know where we are and see what we see the stun in part of how quiet it was on that election day. the level of coordination and communication we had -- there was something larger going on. one the election officials would have known it and i'm confident they would have communicated with us about it so we can invites work and that did not happen. >> that is right. i think one of the things that we realize about 2020 compared to the previous elections, we had 20 million board more ballads cast that we've seen before. but the number of people that voted on election day was lower than -- about most people voted earlier by mail. those that were not actually running elections. it was so quiet in the afternoon i went and took a walk around the mall in d.c. which i would never do on election day. normally we would be talking about prices that have been happening around the country. you've been on the job for a few months and you are also the third secretary sent 2020. and you have seen firsthand the effects of the fraudulent claims about the election in pennsylvania. and you see in the embassies that are occurring in the state. can you talk a little bit about what you are seeing in your office and also throughout the county's as i know and i have talked to al about this and others that there is turnover in the counties that is taking its toll on county officials. can you talk about what you're seeing now today? >> sure. i've been here since january and it's been a long six months with everything happening in pennsylvania with the recount and redistricting and all the local court cases we are defending right now. federal and state court have been busy. one concern i continue to have is the rapid this information and disinformation that continues to happen throughout the state of pennsylvania. really looking back at 2020 and how the election was a stirred and how -- mail-in voting which is a new culture in pennsylvania. the 2020 election was secure, it was safe, 2022 the same thing but we continue to hear this narrative that there was something that was not serious or there was voter fraud which we all do know it does not exist and we debunked it multiple times. -- the concern is that it directly late relates to threats to officials. it really is un-american and has no place in a democracy. we are concerned that there has been turnover. we've seen around 30 election officials at the county level departs their position since 2020. some of it has been because of threats and some of it has been -- been because of retirement or they are going to other counties, but bears a lot of turnover. so we are doing everything we can to support counties and election officials who might be new in the role. we have by week we election -- office hours. and then we have monthly meetings with election officials so that everyone is in line with the mesh and -- message. -- one concern we are continuing to see is the right to know public records request. counties are being inundated by this right now because of the misinformation about the 2020 election. counties are doing more with resources and they do not have time to respond to all of these requests and they are trying to chase a nonexistent issue. so they are trying to sue the counties as much as we can. but another issue in pennsylvania, that we are trying to manage expectations and we have been sent 2020 is the lack inability to pre-campus and preprocess mail and votes which leads to this man for -- misinformation because after elections, national media and state media is saying why is pennsylvania still counting votes? and it is nothing that's nefarious it is election officials doing their job and making sure they are counting their vote. and until the legislature infantile vania allows for law for processing our alan we will be behind. and that is how our process works. we will have to ensure that we continued the message that this is the process and that the elections are secure. people in pennsylvania can feel confident in the integrity of the election process. >> the point about misinformation about how long it is taking to count ballot. the first is, and logan from los angeles, we may be have not realize california was counting ballots as well. most of the states were still counting ballots. it takes a long time to count state ballots. and that shows that the process is working. but the criticisms only applied in states that were closer that did not like the outcome. >> >> and i will say you do not have to. the margin was 15 times over 150,000 votes in 2020 compared to 2016. and i think the empire met is talked about with the disinformation that is leading people to stress officials. if people could not see it when we mentioned the -- they are called different things in different states the records request or the very good process. to be transparent -- to apply burdens to election officials. that is something you are hearing and every single eight. and the nods amongst election officials from all across the country confirm -- joslin if we can go back to michigan. there are similarities between pennsylvania and michigan. the way that the counting of ballots was on the rise to try to create a false impression that there was a problem and the effect that that is having today on election officials for your state. republicans and democrats alike. you are very decentralized system in michigan. so you rely a lot on a blick service. can you talk about the effect it is having? >> yet it is interesting it is similar to reality we have here with us as well of road lock of auto bell county and a former clerk who would emulate what i'm going to talk about which is what we have seen. the weariness. and the challenge this -- the challenges that we earlier so eloquently laid out. the other side we see clerks stepped up and go above and beyond to promote transparency and develop innovative ways of pre-bunking misinformation. and all of that is from and in response to what we learned from living through 2020. what i found every step of the way this year is yes, the threats continue to escalate and capsize in all the ways we've talked about today. but we've gotten better as well. there are a lot of clerks in michigan who are working harder than ever and prouder than ever to do that work at a time like this. to step up and ensure voters know that their votes are going to be counted and have confidence in the system. we are still seeing despite a multifaceted continual attack of misinformation about voting by mail or voting absentee we are still seeing record numbers of people in michigan on both sides of aisle choosing to vote from home for absentee. so we are seeing and someways that yes all of these challenges are real and yes the cost of meeting the needs of the voters during this challenging time is also real area the time where we are seeing less and less funding from the state legislatures. we need more of that investment so we can have security threats and all of the -- incredibly inspire by the clerk that have stepped up and gone above and beyond to meet the needs of the democracy but also of citizens. we have i've thousand 600 people that signed up in the last two months of service call workers. new poll workers in michigan. on both sides of the aisle. people who are coming at this from a perspective of good faith. so we are seeing a lot of people engaged and signing up as a result of the truth that is coming out in contrast of misinformation. and when you combine that with the fact that what we've been through has made us as an election community stronger and more ready to tackle challenges in the month ahead, i am cautiously confident that we will continue to be a very -- even better than we were and 2020 as a community. meeting the challenges of today i say that knowing the challenges continue to escalate. >> that's an important point because we've been talking so much i'm as guilty of it as anyone, someone pessimistic about the threat and harassment and stresses and pressures it is placing on election officials. one thing i am in fired by is how resolute election officials have been in the face of all of this and how tough they have been. the people who in the face of all the biz are saying hello no. -- saying hello --hell no. and with the damage going on, it will be because of the people that play these service roles to -- know that i am going to stand up for a democracy and stand up for voters. i will stand up for the process and it they are incredibly -- an incredibly tough group of people and we did not know how tough they were until we put them inside this incredible crucible were pressures were being applied constantly. >> if i can just add, all of us try to take challenges and use them to make a stronger and i think if we a can and take the challenges of this moment and use it to make a stronger we will emerge from this moment with a more robust and healthier democracy than before. that is really inspiring. >> superquick. secretary vincent out am an optimist by nature role that have been very pessimistic on this and she's remained optimistic about this which i have shaded in talking with you about this. to this point, if you look at -- it is not just individual clerks and the way that they board together. the colorado folks many of whom were here the floor supervisors of the election one abide artist in basis at this is what they were about this is how we are responding. those of you that are not behaving in this way we reject that here because that is not who we are as a community. and that is consistent that is a threat i've seen across all 50 dates. it is a commitment to administering a process together as a community that will distrust, respect, embraces transparency, bipartisanship, and train aaron c. -- a rejection of the. -- of the denial. -- that is the bedrock of what is happening. >> we will go to questions now serratia question -- raise your hand if you have a question. i wanted to ask al if you have any further thoughts on that. because i like optimistic approach that joslin has us all thinking about. >> what is very effective kryptonite to us which is a very quick thing in the summer of 2020 mentioning david. talking pessimistic but he called me up out of the blue and said we had known each other a little bit before and he said if you are not scared you should be. because it was very clear what was coming our way and ash in philadelphia. and i know that we all feel a burden especially in philadelphia and pennsylvania is no way overrepresented on this panel. if we brought everyone and then we are can democracy -- in the american democracy and i am sure city commissioner omar spear who is here and -- share that but i know everyone shares that who is committed to counting the votes and making sure they are counted. >> and i do not make a habit of calling election officials and trying to scare the crab out of them but he was coming clear that pennsylvania was going to become -- it was highly scrutinized and philadelphia in to kill her. al was a republican in the blue county of philadelphia and i thought it is highly likely i think commissioner deeley also contributed rightly to the success of philadelphia. but the i thought it highly likely that on november 4 we might everyone might be getting to know you a lot better. and i'm not right on a lot of is that i was right on that one. >> and it became you pointed out earlier it became very inconspicuous at some point. at some point bad things happen in philadelphia and mentioned -- is mentioned much later. while you can see someone throwing a punch way it is another thing you -- when it hits you. but we were as prepared as we could be. >> we will take questions. >> thank you to everyone. [indiscernible] one of the things i wanted to mention you said the -- folks did not like the results. i think we have to cannot ignore the fact that a lot of those threats and a lot of those attacks on elections was from communities that were african-american and latino. and i know meeting -- me being an african-american in the city like philadelphia's majority and minority and i'm sure it is like this across the country and i want the election officials and sometimes we speak over the african-american unity in the latino community and i think some of those attacks to get rid of the segregation is really piling up on the grassroots movement because the people that are spreading this information are donning upon the grass. they go door to door. so as we try to defend our elections it is the churches, barbershops, the hair salons, those -- people trying to have these conversations about elections. and i want to encourage you to expand this conversation and we invite that -- perspective as well because a lot of people pay attention to what their barbershops and hairstylists that is -- says. >> one things we are doing in michigan is we are also finding a lot of the targeting is happening. we know after a 20 election came to philadelphia, detroit, milwaukee, atlanta, and phoenix. seeing all of that we know our role as an elected official is having the trusted information like the sox er. -- socks here. met later when i got back to michigan this week, we are having a number of breakfasts with local mayors and election officials and faith leaders in southfield and flint, pontiac, detroit, and other communities around should get to basically say how can we partner to counter misinformation? the interesting thing we are seeing as we've had a number of these conversations already is that the first communities pastors and others were like you just want people to vote. they said we will provide the content, toolkits, everything you need to know to communicate to people who trust you. to give you the trusted information as trusted mention -- trusted messengers. it is my optimism and how we are working harder than ever before to go to the grassroots levels of these communities that are targeted. and we are also eager to hear things that other people are doing as well. >> as you were aware before the 2022 primary and one of our counties that is 30% latino where the local district attorney actually asked detectives to monitor drop boxes. to prevent ballot harvesting or people returning more than one ballot. so that is concerning. it is one of the counties that is required under section two of the voting rights act. so i sent a letter to yvette district paternity -- attorney -- we are concerned with voter intimidation and the impact it could have on voters. he said he was not going to do it again for the november election. so i think we see things like that is important for our folks at the state level to speak out and prevent any other copycats from happening because it is all about voter participation in a nonpartisan way and we want to make sure that everyone can participate. we see certain communities that are targeted and it is important for us to call that out immediately. >>'s question. -- >> next question. i warn you i'm going to talk if you don't. a look at that. look at that. let's go with governor mark. [laughter] >> thank you for both presentations, they were very interesting. i've been elected in office in the great state of alaska. and in homeland security you had the is information coming from international actors. who are looking and prepared for that though workers of the domestic information. and all i can say is i have not been elected office. but first time -- we all serve as secretary of state. this is been the toughest job. from trying to convince people that everything was on the up and up. and we hand counted all the ballots. lasko was able to do that because we don't have but we thought the voting machines were evil and it had to be the voting machine. mintz michigan, pennsylvania, arizona, and georgia. but i do not think it would have had a. the ess. i did not give them the result they wanted. i'm concerned going into this election, one thing it is hard to do this in 2020 because of covid but 2022 it is more of a question of when these people get angry when they come to register, so we are going to have a hard time recruiting and the other problem is the voters approved a new way of voting and the only state that is going to do it for the state and federal elections -- with the ring choice voting there's no way we can do a hand count before we have to certify them. so will be totally dependent on that algorithm and the eagle -- people voters. and that concerns me. there are people that are running right now for the secretary governor and their funder what they are saying is you contribute will let you take a swing at a dominion machine. he was promoting lisa murkowski, as well as sarah palin who is running for our open congress eat. again, they brought up the election was cheated and you can't trust it. as you mentioned, the meetings with the group seems to be the most, which is my group, republicans, but i just can't compete with the national news that comes out. it's very challenging. i guess i am voicing more frustration than i am a question. thank you for -- i can see how you are dealing with overcoming the mistrust. >> first, i thought that was you, but i was like, he was in alaska. thank you, lieutenant governor. as you were speaking, i just wanted you all to know, there were not a lot of people among my colleagues after the number -- the november election who reached out and said, are you doing ok? lieutenant governor meyer, you did. it meant so much. i hope you know you have on -- you have unwaveringly spoken the truth every single time, every time you have been asked to do so, and then you have gone above and beyond in supporting those on both sides of the aisle who have been at the front of the fire. it means so much. i just want to say thank you, and we are going to miss you a great deal. right, you are not running again, is that right? yeah. i am grateful for you, and for your leadership. and i hope you know that it has had an impact, in your commitment to telling the truth to everyone has had an impact, even if you don't see it. but hopefully you do. yeah. [applause] jocelyn: to get to the question, as we find a best practices and ways to counter misinformation, the bottom line is, the truth is on our side, the law is on our side. everything we have talked about in terms of reality about the election. and on the other side is partisanship, and in my view, political manipulation to further those partisan goals. it is especially incumbent upon us in moments like these to be above the fray, to remain nonpartisan, to speak the truth, unwaveringly to everyone. and that is what i think this moment requires of all of us and that is what is going to take us through. and then grounding that truth in the research, the academic research, to spread that out and -- matt, i don't know if you want to weigh in, that i can say the research you have done, how to talk about the truth, essentially, has been some of the most effective for me to use because -- he has been very sick sink and letting us know what it is. but i say that to everyone here who is on the academic side of things, now, more than ever, we need that research. we need to know how to best talk about it. who are the best trusted messengers? how to best frame an issue in response to or preemptively address misinformation. that research has been invaluable, because otherwise, especially in the immediate days after 2020, going through those months, we were doing our best to speak the truth, but we can always do better when it is grounded in research. again, that research has helped me know what -- know how to best articulate and communicate what the truth is, and then having colleagues who have your back makes it all possible. >> first of all, that is the first time since inc. and my name have ever been used in a sentence ever. i will but -- i will try to basis inc.. it was not my research but research done by the election integrity partner, and then also the work we did around covid. it brings together the two questions which is, how do we respond -- the micro so -- the microphone is not loud enough for state and local officials. that blast goes to 11 to use a spinal tap reference, they are being blasted at 11. the response has to be exactly what secretary benson just said, a combination of trusted messengers and trusted voices across the political spectrum. i was here bobby talk about engaging with the most skeptical, and having these conversations, not because you are necessarily going to win a lot of them over, but to be the water that erodes the trust over time. that can be done by having them receive the messages by multiple trusted voices in their community and society. and assisting saintly presenting the message. what we have seen, and there is good academic work being done around this, but what we have seen is reinforcing two voters that the elections process has three pillars. the first is that it is transparent. across all 50 states, everywhere, there are requirements for transparency. how michigan does it, ohio and pennsylvania may be different, but there are requirements. the political parties are involved in the process. people want to know that their team is a part of the process. all 50 states and five territories have requirements around that and that it is administered by for pet -- by professionals. these folks in this room don't just wake up some random tuesday and decide, i think i will try to run an election today. they spent all of their time thinking about everything that could go wrong, how they can improve on the security, accuracy, accessibility, the process, and making those changes. the nice part about those three pillars is one, they are true across all the states. different, but true. it allows election officials to answer the question that they are presented with most. ok, i can trust you and what you are doing that. but how do i know about nevada? or how do i know about pennsylvania? i can't speak directly to their laws or specific procedures, but i know they have transparency requirements. i know they require the political party to be an active part of this. i have been in the room with the election officials in training, in meetings, and i know they are professionals. if we can continue to support election officials by reinforcing some of that, and talking with trusted voices about this, i think we can at least begin to deal with the problem. it is a huge challenge, no question. david: matt, you have successfully filibustered to get the last word, which i would never give you under any circumstances. with that, we are going to go outside where there is a cocktail reception for the next hour or so, and then begin the night's festivities and awards at around 7:00 or so. thank you for attending. let's thank the panelists for a great panel. [applause] [background chatter] vice president kamala harris also joined the event.