Mla, thank you very much. Thank you, thank you. Otto santa ana, author of juan in a hundred come it takes look at the latinos on the news. This is about half an hour. In now on booktv, we want to introduce you to ucla professor, otto santa ana. Professor santa ana, what do you teach at ucla . Guest ironman chicano and chacon of studies. Host what courses are you teaching . Guest i teach courses in language and media, linkage in the classroom. I teach a course on political humor. I teach courses on language all aspects of language that are socially relative. Host your book that we want to talk about on booktv is juan in a hundred the representation of latinos on network news. Here is the cover of the book. Before we get started, i want to ask you what does the word latino name . Guest latino. The team now with all the people who are of latin american origin who are noncitizens of the United States. Host and you are professor of chicano chicano studies. Guest chacon that in chicano means mexicanamerican descent. It is another way of saying mexicanamericans. Host what is the latino population in the United States today . Guest theres about 52 Million People. Host so a sixth. Guest a huge portion of our society. Host your book is about the representation on network news. How many stories at the network news are about latinos . Guest less than one and of all of the news stories on the evening news come on the networks have to do with latinos. Host wide . Guest y. I think it is because latinos are not considered at the media to be part of the social fabric of the United States. I looked at 12,000 new stories. One full year of network news for abc, cbs, cnn and nbc. In that year i counted all the news stories. At the evening news. Thats 365 days, seven days a week. They were over 12,000 stories. Between 98 and 115 were about latinos. So that constitutes less than 1 . So that is why i call it juan in a hundred. Host when you say this latino story for about a latino, what does that mean . Guest everything from stories on immigration, i chose 1994 to look at. So we looked at the president ial Election Campaign at the time. We looked at stories about cubanamericans, about dominican americans. Dominicans. We looked at all the stories possible. It even included salvadore is. Lets see if i can get this right. This have to do with how baseballs were staged in san salvador. I try to be as inclusive as possible and we ended up having a very, very narrow focus. Very, very narrow scope. So we really do not characterize latinos. The network news does not characterize latinos adequately. Host when they were betrayed, how are they for trade . Guest frankly, they were presented in a very skewed manner. They were very good stories. Dont get the wrong. But a lot of stories indicated a relatively impoverished understanding of what latinos are. And then they were skewing built upon stereotyping, expectations that were not met. And i looked frame by frame at about 48 news stories. And to make sure that i could understand what was being articulated. I compare that to the story out today by looking at new stories in the printed media as well and so i can see what exactly was he spoken about on the news than how well the network news covered the story of the day. Host when you put it in the larger context, what did you find . Guest we found latinos as i said or not understood to be part of the one sixth of our population is not understood to be very pert and to the american community. Host i want to read a little good from your book, juan in a hundred. Roberto gonzales nominated attorney general. In attorney general. And the fixed income at 26 shot abc stories on gonzales. Peter jennings a standard anchor shot announces bush nominee for attorney general. President bush made history today. He nominated and hispanic texans to be attorney general. Is there anything wrong with how you started . In 2000. Guest well, you know, you caught me offguard. Im not sure i recall what the issue was fair. Host okay, ill read a little bit more. Tell me what you hear here. His confirmation is certain though there will be some questions. Team to france the gonzales nomination as an affirmative action appointment alternating shots at the president and gonzales. Guest this was the attorney general who was confirmed, served as well as they could and he was represented as an affirmative action candidate. All his background had an incredible curriculum. He had been Supreme Court justice in texas. He had served admirably in the framing of network cast him as simply filling in the affirmativeaction hispanic who is characterized. None of his achievements are characterized. Only the fact bush had chosen this hispanic to fill his spot. Host in your view, professor, how could that have been framed differently . Guest mention that hes hispanic and talk about his credentials. He couldve spoken about what his philosophy was. There wouldve been a greater sense of the integration of candidate, that appointee into the american government. But no, it was simply to the mental image hispanic affirmativeaction position and napping about his back ground was disguised in the initial framing. Host you want to say when to say when gonzales is seen making remarks, a. B. s view reinforces its framing a choosing images that present 10 echoing his president s characterization and that he grew up poor and that was an important part of the story. Guest well, that was an important part of the story and i think quite useful. There is nothing about what the man had done before he had arrived on the national scene. It is very appropriate to talk about the american dream. I think that is an import aspect that should be covered on the knotwork news. But more about the individual. More about the reasons bush has chosen. Not strictly his politics, but most of the character behind him. To give an example, it is typical to have one, an obituary of famous persons passed away each day in the network news. That was the year that Ronald Reagan passed away. There were 200 new stories about his obituary. How many latinos were represented as an obituary for someone of note . Absolutely zero. Not one person. We had federal court edges, people who it broken and were pioneers in art, in politics, in the science is in not one of those individuals characterized in the network news. That is the blinding array shared of one sixth of the population. Host Gabriel Garcia marquez recently passed away. Season to get heavy coverage. Guest does a wonderful game. He is colombian. He is not a u. S. Latino. So sir leigh when a copy of passed away, tremendous coverage. Thats latin american. But lets see, when when in 1994, laureate and silhouette passed away, glory and flew a was considered had written one of the most important books of the century. She was not characterize. Shes the dearest im a poet. She tagged about the borderlands in an incredible way. They bring it back academically and politically. A famous puerto rican poet was not characterize whatsoever. His poetry was extort therein he also passed away and we had no knowledge of that. The u. S. Republic the u. S. Public who watches the network news to expect to understand that the nation is about as no idea that these magnificent individuals have lived a celebrated place and then passed away because they are not referenced by network news. It is not that the network news couldnt find these people. I asked my students one day i gave them three hours to find newsworthy stories that had not been covered. They brought back 150 stories. I gave him three hours. They brought back different groups of people. This was printed material that was available, available during that period of time in the network news chose not to do it. Moreover, unfortunately there were cases when the network news skews the story. So we have a story i cant remember now which the network will remain unmentioned. But the wall street journal spoke about some economic news. And it was very, very clear that workingclass latinos had a silly name jobs that other groups for not taking up. In particular they gave the example come a very detailed study of construction workers working in the midwest, doing how the construction of the work that no one else would do for the pay. With that marvelous wall street journal article, the network news produced a 50 word statement, which indicated suggested that hispanics in general have taken these shots from other people, that they were middleclass jobs and that this was a general something that was alarming. Completely skewing the facts and the facts were printed. But they cited they gave the preacher at the wall street journal, but they misrepresented according to a stereotype that certainly was inaccurate for the American Public to hear. Host chapter two of your book, juan in a hundred come inside the beltway stories is entitled. He began with a quote by susan jacoby. Every american governance and Foreign Relations and Domestic Affairs is related in some fashion to the knowledge deficit of the American Public. Guest well, we have won six of the population again who have not been represented. 50 Million People. What we see, the skewing is that most of the stories in 2004 had to do either with who the hispanic vote would go for it, whether it was the republican or the democratic candidate. The other major story of the day with immigration. But any other aspect that had nothing to do with any aspect of american domestic life come in dealing with latinos was remiss. We had only one story, as i mentioned, about the economy. Theres only 11 story about the hispanic house. There is very very limited coverage in all the areas that could be covered, that are generally covered by the network news. There was possibility. There is clearly new speed made. It is simply not considered newsworthy. The beltway news stories constituted the major kind of news story that was important, those considered newsworthy and that was when beltway politics converged with hispanic issues. Secondly, there is a catastrophe, mayhem had happened. And so there is a terrible hurricane that occurred and people died in cuba and puerto rico. That was covered. And thus constituted the story that the were hispanic or latino stories at the 2004. Nothing about a good that could have represented the breadth of american integration of latinos or a deeper understanding beyond superficial characterization and we operate with everyday. I am afraid that what we are seeing is a continuation of stereotypes, of mythologies that are characterized. The fundamental problem i feel is that there is a lack of serious knowledge of latinos. And apart from that, the idea is not that the journalists not to pay attention, they worry about objectivity and van ness. I think those criteria which are very useful criteria should not be the main criteria for network news. You should look also to see, the journalists should not stand the stories and repetitive stories that have been that the logical background. So the major news story, the most covered new story is during 2004 as it is today for latinas, hot to do with immigration. I lifted every one of those news stories. There were 34, constitute a third of all the news stories about the tenets. And if the protagonist was a Border Patrol agent, what kind of story do you think, peter, it was about . The story was a western, a western genre story. We had the brave solitary taciturn anglo male defending the frontier that Great American desert against not a apaches are renegade comanches, but against mexicans in 10 issues carrying water jugs across the deserts. Was militarized, but we simply had the same story, if youre defending a good week population again and maintaining civilization again that people who are going to destroy our civilization. Within a third, even in a 15 frame shot, you would hear you would know the story despite the introduction, just by icons, images being cared arise. And so, there is messy and a their protagonists names changed, but the story remains the same. The best news story on immigration it turned out was from a bbc correspondent who was affiliated with the network news partner. He created a very interesting story that wove together both the characterizations of the character of the Border Patrol agent as a person as well as in the koran says individuals with subjectivity so that we can actually see why these people were risking their lives across the deserts and how frustrating it was for the Border Patrol agent to try to keep people who are desperate to come across the border. In the same amount of seconds, 90 seconds to get a story. A bbc correspondent did a much better job than the american correspondent telling the same story. We were seen by petitions of the these stereotypes, mythological stories rather than indepth stories that characterize what is going on. And i think the problem becomes that are American Public does not become any more familiar with what immigration is. Immigration is not the only story that should be covered about latinos, but it should be covered in a more and a more profound way. For as globalization is ever characterizes a major factor for immigration ,com,com ma no. Was population . Very limited. We had only the cowboy story. Host professor santa ana, what is the latino story think you would like to see covered that you have at . Guest my gosh, it would be wonderful to see an obituary. If there was if the network news decided they were going to present a proportional number of obituaries, characterize our population, we would see a very interesting, simple change that would wreak fitter, remake the way latinas are considered. The team does have represented as two dimensional cared hairs when they are immigrants. They are the cardboard cutouts that the john wayne or Clint Eastwood eastwood are defending america against. You dont see latinos as americans in the network news representations even today. What took place 15 and 20 years ago has not changed the network news. There has any change in the amount of coverage, there are now, cspan there or not it now a lot more cable coverage. So viewers can go elsewhere. The network news has not changed their present haitian style for a generation. Latinas in my generation have now become 50 Million People and they are not represented anywhere near as much substance as they should be. It is a failure i am afraid. It is a failure of news casting, network news casting that does not allow the American Public in general to understand who latinos are. And so, it promotes stereotyping. It promotes a level of ignorance and we cannot deal with the 21st century with misrepresentation major proportions of our population that make a huge difference in our society. Host is it different here in los angeles because of the large latino population . Do find it different watching the local news or the local papers . Guest the local news i was speaking about network news. Oakland as is different. But what is most different of spanishlanguage. So spanishlanguage television news, they have an extraordinarily different take on latinos. So what we really see is latinos are drawing her of these two language sources because its insufficient. You see and you either accept this stereotypes or you find them repugnant or insufficient and rico to televisa to find what is going on. Immigration is covered in tiredly differently. The campaigns are covered. The federal and local state campaigns for covered entirely differently. The only thing that looked similar sports actually. But in terms of characterizations of populations, no. By and large, weve seen the local , in local, Regional News the local Regional News we do see differences. The National Level and most concerned because that is where the decisions are made on federal and national issues. Latinos are not a regional population anymore. We constitute a major portion all across the country from South Carolina to south dakota as well as arizona, texas and california. We should not be considered to be regional. Host just to reiterate come you cant imagine this, but i want to make sure. Your book came out in 2013. Some of the examples you are using our five years old, six years old, 20 years old. Has it changed . Guest each year i do a survey to try to see with my student in my class is to see whether there has been change. Host here is the cover of the book. It is called juan in a hundred the representation of latinos on network news. Otto santa ana is the author. So these three very different women, different in terms of age in different in terms of who they are voted for. Michelle is admitted to voted for nader. Desmond burks had just voted for george bush. Debbie never both because she thinks politicians are no good into the validity of the motherwell. Deployed together and you know, once they are in afghanistan, the differences between men does seem as important anymore in what becomes important as more a question of what are their personalities like that how they get along and what will make their time they are how will they interact with each other . Debbie takes michelle underwing and mothers her. Shes a maternal figure bothering everybody, or shes trying to affirm the shell. They are working for a very tense, testy asked marine and he is super frustrated with michelle who was swearing like a rainbow hemp anklet and wont stop talking about how the war is about ideas. The for abc at one point a to bad about whether they can turn this woman into a good soldier. Michelle is bound and determined that will never have paid. Debbie is trying to show her that this is maybe not the easiest way to go about change. So there they are in afghanistan, serving on camp phoenix. The armament team, which michelle and debbie, the youngest and oldest of the three women are both on the armament team. They are both weapons mechanics. The armament teams runs out of american weapons to fix. They are a support battalion. They do Maintenance Work where they support industry soldiers and the weapons are not often enough for the armament team to have anything to do. The expert is a driven man come up with the idea, why dont they work on this interesting u. N. Project . They have facilitated the collection of a lot of old broken ak47s. Which are going to be repurposed and given out to Afghan Nation