Which will get two and a little bit. So rights approaches holland, greece to finance the entire operation. He agrees to do with the government bureaucrats. In return, holland has designed over not to raise personally, but tuesdays electorate will company and many of you may know still the best, part of General Dynamics and building submarines. And when i found that out, i started looking into John Philip Holland and he became another one of those fascinating characters. He was born in county clare. Or they spoke gaelic. He had no training at all. He was a choirmaster. Christian brothers you for taking his final vows he decided not to enter the priesthood he had no mechanical training, no mathematical training, no engineering training. His brother, one of his brothers came across to the United States and the potato famine which is a really big deal and people died and another million were forced to leave come in many who came to the United States. The irish nationalist groups that a peaceful transition was not going to happen was to cut the irish brotherhood and the republican army. The irish brotherhood in great written. Helens brother was sacked is and holland came across and they were kind of this odd group. Kind of the gang that couldnt shoot straight. Had this weird kind of plan to invade canada. They turned out to be the british service. They were going to start an Irish Government exiling for reasons that are totally obscure. Among themselves almost as much as the british. Holland goes to the meetings. He said i am going to invent a secret weapon. I am going to design for you a secret weapon double sink british warships. The case then this design, which is technically feasible and they look and think hes very quiet, softspoken man. Thank you. Thats really nice. Im not the same time, they hatched their most bizarre, weirdest, most ridiculous plot yet. Six of their colleagues sentenced to life in prison in australia on the west coast. It was almost impossible to get to. I do is no place to escape. There was a small town and then the colony. They decided what they are going to do is get a boat, go do some simple headache sea captain. Hes going to give them a ship. They are going to convince the commander,. , whatever he is that they are british inspectors come even though they all clearly were from ireland. The british inspectors, as british and spec whose they were going to be able to contact prisoners, tell them what to do, hide a rowboat. They were going to get in the rowboat, rollout to this ship and sail back to america to a heros welcome. It was a bizarre plan, but it worked. This ship is called the cataldo, 81076. A sail to the west coast of australia. The commander of the prison mustve been so happy to see anybody that he just said sure, yes, i would love to give you a tour. Wouldve been slipped away come and talk to the six prisoners. The prisoners are trustees. They go to work in midtown. There is no place to escape to. They given a rowboat and start rolling out which is forced to anchor in the day for security reasons. All of a sudden, a British Patrol boats seized them from the start feeling towards them. Cannot get to them, that threatens to fire if the prisoners get on board. They run the stars and stripes and say if you fire on the ship company fire in the United States of america. He retreats of the six prisoners could initiate. They have a raucous and wonderful voyage home, which mustve included a great deal of drinking. They get off in new york in 1876 and all of a sudden, the athenians are awash in money because this is such a big deal that everybody thinks these guys are brilliant and they give money and then they start thinking the sky, this holland fellow, maybe we should give him a little money. They did get taken in 15,000. John holland went often built the first primitive but is modern submarine, which he tested near paterson, new jersey, which is still to this day was dredged up decades later and is now in the Paterson Museum in this becomes not really interested because maybe weve got something here. They gave him more money and in total secrecy, holland is told to go off and build the next generation. The problem is that couldnt do anything in total secrecy. They talked about it so much that a reporter from the new york sun was there essentially every day watching it being built and writing about it and even named it. Holland liked the name so he adopted the name, which is also by the way he has some ideas and are now back to fighting among themselves and one faction is very upset at the other faction seems to have been a submarine designer, so they kidnapped the boat. They sneak in at night with the forged letter from holland. They hope the boat up to their own ship until it to connecticut. In connecticut, they try to operate themselves and discover it is not quite as easy as they thought comes that they get in touch with holland and said excuse me, could you tell us could you teach us how to drive this . And he said no. From there, holland went off and try to sell the boat to the navy. It took 20 years. Back up a little. Submarines one of the things i learned as there were three axes of motion. There is role of side to side, pitch front to back and basically keeping it straight. And surface ships come you dont have many of those issues because the density of air is much less than the density of water, so daunting ship physically sits in the water and if its not too far they will move back under the water. That is not true because water pressure is all around. You have to control submarines under the water in the same three axes that an airplane has to be controlled. This was an enormously different engineering problem. At the center of gravity thats why its fascinating. At the center of gravity shifts in the boat starts tilting forward in using water because you always need to keep in a boat and its like this in the water has run to the front of the vote, it goes down and it keeps going down as many submarine designers found out to their peril. Many people died in some of them died because they couldnt figure out how to keep the boat in the water. How to keep it going straight. Any change in weight will tend to change the center of gravity. If the engine if you lose power and is heavier than the water, it will sink and theres no way to get out. They didnt go very deep in those days. The two brilliant things were to keep buoyancy positively buoyant but after that in a second. Undersea travel like air travel has been a fascination of humankind forever. Leonardo, also said people hypothesized isaac newton about travel in the air and under the water. The first reported successful submarine was in 1620 by a man named cornelius trouble. Trouble was a dutch inventor who ran across james the first, convince james that he could bring on these marbles in james put them in a palace and supposedly invented this machine, this closed wooden structure with a worst that would be kept under the water by the momentum of the orders. Supposedly he went back and forth and supposedly james the first even got in the boat and it was like 300 pounds and was notoriously timid. Report, if you look, if you google the submarine, you will see there are models in museums across the world because he was so successful that people not only didnt know he had never created a submarine, the real inventors promise. Robert boyle, the founder of modern chemistry started investigating Edmond Halley and also did a lot of basic diving belt and started investigating the policy of undersea travel. There is a man who is a french a frenchman who created a submarine and there is a 1747 article in something called gentlemans magazine which was widely read. There is a picture that also had invented the Pressure Cooker and if you look at the illustration, it is almost certainly the Pressure Cooker. Put all of this research came to the attention of a man from sabre, connecticut, a farmer said it would not be accompanied david bushnell. At the dawn of the revolutionary war, bushnell kept terrifying them because they would go to bodies of water and heard the explosions of the night. He tried to figure out how to set up a charge under water. The reason he was doing this was because he was also going to create a secret weapon. And in this particular case that he was aiming for admiral howes flagship in what he did was put to a hollow logs together. He had one operator. Taken in little palms. With a foot pedal right hand paddle, a pillar, almost impossible to figure out how one person could have done all the operations. But the plan was listed on the surface, go under the water a little bit, go up to the top. The guy would screw them in, placed the charge. The charge would go off in april with think. Unfortunately, the upgrade did not penetrate, so the operator seriously trying to get back his spotted shooting night and he gets back to new jersey where they have marched it for him. They tried to my times and it didnt work. Bushnell after the revolutionary war generally upset that general washington did not give him the credit he deserved for this better weapon and went off to france and stayed with the painter named benjamin west. Benjamin west is a premier portrait painter who had ingratiated himself into french society. He stays in paris for a while, eventually leaves, comdex incognito in dice in obscurity and only after he dies does he realize david bushnell. While hes in paris, either just before he leaves, another american shows up in this american is a brilliant job organizer who is acquiring a fabulous reputation in philadelphia, painting people like benjamin franklin. He came he went to britain. Excuse me, this is written first. He goes to britain where west was. Though its terrible. Anyway, back it up and replace britain with france. The other american portrait painter shows up and instead of staying with portrait painting, he gets involved in engineering and decides engineering is for him and developed a way to equalize watering canals without locks and then turns his attention to submarines. There was no there is no previous interest. Whether or not bushnell and the american portrait painters almost certainly was talked about in the west home. Eventually he designs the english are interested, tries to sell it to france. Napoleon takes over, but nothing comes of it good to english at that point why came back not because they believe in the invention, so this portrait painter goes back to england. There is no interest they are. He comes back to america, turns his attention to Service Vessels and develop claremont, which is the first steamship and it is robert fulton. After faltering, theres lots more research in the next big step forward was by the Confederate States of america and needed a secret weapons so they thought. They developed two kinds of boats. One was david and goliath, which was powered by a steam engine and the other one was they couldnt power in india was called the high money. The First Submarine to sink a warship. Boot up, place the charge, also sank because they were doing it on the surface. One of the things about innovation is although we tend to remember the winners, we tend to remember the people who actually did it. It is almost always that person among a group of people who are moving everything forward who are getting closer and closer and closer. Gutenberg wrote lots of people getting closer and closer. The right others, any number of people. In fact, someone at 81099 who actually used the Wright Brothers technique, the one they patented in 1903 on a glider. He was an iraqi ale and it was successful and theres plenty of witnesses. He was going to do more with it anyway back to his fellow instructors at the ale and im going to do this. He said just give it up. Go do something else. So we now remember the Wright Brothers if any of you are sending your kid to yell. So we have holland coming along. There are after in turkey, greece, buying designs. The one place where theres no interest in technology was germany. After he kidnapped, hall and then turns his attention to the united state. He eventually persuades, not directly, but her reputation precedes the secretary of the navy at the time to fund the competition with the best design in just 200,000 to build a book. There are now other people, a man named george aker, simon lake and they convince the navy with the change of administration in convince the powers to be not to dispense the money. They have another competition in holland wins again. Again, they are persuaded not to dispense the money but have a third competition. They have a third competition in holland wins the third time. This time a man named simon lake who is very well known in submarine technology so close, mostly because he was a brilliant designer. He just dropped. His interest for salvage and he made a fortune doing it. He was telling everyone that is boats were better than he wrote so much afterwards that simon likes reputation, a lot of people think simon lake did what holland actually did. The third competition and this time he gets the money and by this time the navy put the number of restrictions. They want steam instead of gasoline or hydrocarbons will steam engines were incredibly hot. How do you vent the spent exhaust . The first ship had to have three. Holland wanted to have one propeller. Holland ended up rebuilding one to three. The only way he realized he was running out of money and the only way he could actually satisfy the contract and build one that build one network is the as the one on its own, privately funded, where he could then show the navy and say okay, this is what it should look like. Thats an isaac rice came in and a lot of times its abbreviated to holland and Network Interop better and further i do want to go into detail because i dont wonder when the book for you. From there it is an amazing story of congressional they were competing on who could buy their own congressman, how did it influence. Started stories that isaac rates josephine was with congressmen being carried out with loose women in order to vote. These stories are in the news papers at two major congressional investigations and the cast of characters is just hilarious. It is the kind of thing that if you try to do fiction, david salo, you know, you either going to do this is a comedy or a story. Ultimately, isaac rice and a. B. Frost was originally holland partner and then became racist partner forced right partner forced right side of his own business. Rice had developed a Fast Attack Submarine designed which was tested. The records are a little sketchy, but he had a boat that was reported to do 22 nods when they were doing 89. So you have this situation were just to go back to the whole innovation issue, he was at utterly brilliant inventor, one of the great scientist this country has ever produced and im not going to go into birdman, but chose to focus on his business and instead in 1909 token all sorts of highpowered investors to go back to the workshop and improve the wright flyer. And dad is subsequently killed him. The last letter he ever wrote in his life was not while he was dying. It is to frederick fishers patent attorney complained about the slow progress and how much money it was costing them. Henry ford who has a reputation as a great inventor, but is actually not an inventor at all but a bright as this man. And then you have John Philip Holland who is a pure inventor, a man not suited for business. He was willing to go into business. He was willing to let other people, better people run the business and subsequently he was frozen out of it. For me, the story of the development of the submarine parallel and they have less and not simply, i always try to do something when history is very pertinent to the president. These three books is like reading about Silicon Valley startups, where somebody invents somebody in its rundown of his business and complained and the ceo of cooper with a more complex situation. The ceo of cooper who has arguably changed the way americans will travel is now out of his own company. He had other personal problems, but these issues i am covered in these three books seemed to me so pertinent that that is why they were really fun to do. I didnt get a chance to do the congressional dust and other procurement and how the money was dispense and its an absolutely wonderful story. There is a 1472 page record of a congressional investigation. Ordinarily when you research this and i dont have researchers. I do it all myself. I wouldnt have time to read this. But i literally couldnt put it down. This telegram, this response, this accusation. One guy was accusing people of being insane. It was just wonderful stories. The last thing i would give you is this. I opened the book with an incident september 22nd, 1914, when a german uboat sinks three british cruisers off the coast of holland. It was a 90 minute and 15 to 1700 people died in war and see on that day, but the three boats that were sunk change the face of modern warfare. The irony and i alluded to this earlier. The one country in the early 1900 had no interest in submarines because admiral turgut, how does there their navy thought it was a gimmick. In 1905, president roosevelt went down in a submarine. He went off wasted day and it was for page news all over the world. There is no record linking the two, but coincidentally did about 12 to 18 months as a contract from the german navy to begin to build submarines. Commissioned in 1909, and 10 for change captain lieutenant takes the three british cruisers. He died six months later and warfare is changed forever. So with that, if any of you have any questions, i would be pleased to answer. [inaudible]. For all the money he made, and e made a fortune, ended up he was always short of money because it cost so much to do all the research. So everyone was looking agz in many as in many innovations, everyone was look at the military applications first x the civilian applications would follow. And because in this case a submarine performing the way we thought a a submarine should, the way the nautilus did in jules verns was very much what holland was working on. It kind of dovetailed with the military applications. Do you have [inaudible] so you clearly have an eye for good stories, and they all revolve around mechanical inventions. And by just just and i was just wondering what your personal experience was. Because you also talk about several people that didnt have any formal training. Im just curious how far into that youve gotten even just researching these stories, the engineering aspect. Do you know, its interesting i have noening nearing