Different than i look at encryption and say we need to provide a tool for you to have the access to that information when the courts give you permission to do it. I could care less how thats accomplished. It is, i think, the priority and i think i can speak for the vice chairman it is the priority of both of us that this be voluntary. But if, in fact, its not something we can achieve the balance on voluntarily, then i feel like its the committees responsibility to pursue it in any fashion we can. I intend personally i wont commit the committee to do it, to pursue that. Because i think it is invaluable in the future. I fear that this is not the toughest decision were going to make based upon what how technology might impact the world were in. The American People expect us director comey, this year to exceed 72 individuals that you incarcerate before they commit a a lone wolf event. Youre on track to probably do that based upon the beginning of this year and based upon intent. Im not sure that we can turn around and say we only got 11 of them because we couldnt see inside the communications of the other 60 some and, america, youre just youre out of luck. You wont stand for it. I wont stand for it. The American People wont stand for it. So i hope were working with the administration and hopefully we can all work towards the same end goal. I want to take another too unt to thank each of you and more importantly the folks that work for you and the American People. At any given point in time everybody at the tables workforce has been challenged to work 24 7, to address events that happened over the worst times, i might say, over the holidays. As we went through christmas, i cant imagine what the bureau was going through. Admiral rogers, john, what the cia was going through trying to track down the number of threat streams that was out there and culminates with director clapper. I dont think anybody had a real comfortable Holiday Season this year. But the fact is we got through it without an event and i dont think many of us would have bet that would be the outcome but we did. Now were focused on tomorrow, not yesterday. My hope is that we will continue to do and to do it successfully and with that i will tell you how much we look forward to seeing all of you again on thursday and this hearing is adjourned. Supreme Court JusticeAntonin Scalia is lying in repose today at the courts grand chamber. He died last weekend at the age of 79. The public is allowed into the viewing and cspan has live coverage throughout the day today until 9 00 p. M. Eastern. Justice scalias funeral is tomorrow and cspan will have live coverage of the funeral mass at the catholic basilica in washington, d. C. Vice president bide season a dig that tears attending. See live coverage saturday morning at 11 00 eastern. Tonight, here on cspan3, showing American History tv and prime time. Its the American Historical Association annual conference with panels on the history of the Death Penalty, the 1916 election and the history of terrorism. Thats tonight here on cspan3 at 8 00 eastern. Every weekend on American History tv on cspan3, feature programs that tell the american story. Some of the highlights for this weekend include, saturday afternoon at 2 00 eastern, president wilson nominated boston lawyer brandeis the u. S. Supreme court, the first jewish justice on the highest court. In commemoration of the anniversary of his nomination, Brandeis University in massachusetts hosted a Panel Including supreme Court Justice route Bader Ginsburg to discuss his contributions to american democracy. Then at 6 55, professors freeman who studies early american politics and bellow specializing in the 20th century discuss the evolution of Political Parties and partisanship from the founding era to present day. Sunday morning at 10 00 on road to the white house rewind, from the 2000 campaign, a South Carolina republican primary debate with Texas Governor george w. Bush, arizona senator john mccain and alan keys. Cnn hosted the event in columbia and larry king moderated. Governor bush won in South Carolina and he went on to secure the republican nomination. And at 6 00, american artifacts looks at selections of objects left at the Vietnam Memorial wall including letters, graphs, art work and metals, about 400,000 items at National ParkMuseum Resource center in maryland. For the complete weekend schedule, go to cspan. Org. This weekend, booktv has 48 hours of non Fiction Books and authors on cspan2. Heres programs to watch for. Saturday night at 8 00er and, jewel i dont know julian boar jer talks about the search for war criminals. In his book the butchers trail. On sunday night at 9 00 on after words, cory booker discusses his book united. Senator booker recounts the people and personal experiences that have shaped his political thinking. He is interviewed by robert george. My personal experience growing up with an africanamerican family, attending black church and living in an allwhite town, id been crisscrossing lines a lot. Working in inner cities. Going to stamford yale. It showed me as i crossed the lines how united we as a country are. Watch all weekend, every weekend on cspan2. Television for serious readers. Now the president of the Migration Policy Institute discusses what europe must do to cope with the migration crisis including tightening mediterranean borders and coordinating Refugee Movement between european countries. This portion is about 50 minutes. Okay. Good morning. And welcome to this very timely event that we have entitled europes migration crisis, a status report and way forward. My name is doris miser, senior fellow here in washington, d. C. I direct our u. S. Program work and so im particularly interested in hearing my colleague this morning because he is just back from having spent six months in europe and we have not even had a chance to debrief internally so this is fresh from the presses in terms of an extraordinary experience on an extraordinary topic of interest not only, of course, to us but of everybody in the world. I want to note that of course, welcome the people that are here in the audience but were all Live Streaming and we have cspan this morning and so we want to be sure to welcome those audiences and hope that they can participate by twitter questions when we get to the q a period. In order to do that, the twitter is at migration policy. So let me now introduce dimitri a little more fully. You know dimitri as the cofounder as the Migration Policy Institute. As our president for many years. Now president emeritus and currently of Migration Policy Institute europe. He has as i said spent the last six months in europe around the issues of this extraordinary migration crisis that is unfo unfolding in that part of the world. He has spent a lot of time in the public yue but much more during this period talking with leaders throughout the European Union and among the various individual country that is are so involved in this issue. Hes been meeting with officials in the European Commission, in the European Parliament, in the European Council. Hes travelled to a number of the key capitals, particularly germany, sweden and austria at the epicenter of these issues and just come from two and a half days of meeting of the Transatlantic Council on migration which is an initiative of the Migration Policy Institute. Theyre meeting a few weeks ago in germany collected in one place senior officials as well as experts, ministers and others on these issues, again, to talk about what hell tell us today. Whats the status of things and what is the way forward. So all of this, of course, is informed by a career of scholarship and deep experience in migration issues around the world. And with that, im sure were all interestsed as am i. On whats taking place in this extraordinary time. Dimitri . Thank you very much, doris. Its good to be back. Its nice to see familiar faces. Even if i dont know everyones name. At least i know so many of you. After months of being the american with the greek name. On the other side of the pond. Or, even worse ways of describing what it is that i am. I think that in my far too many decades, doris does not allow me to say how many decades of looking at this issue and having started as a europeanist, my dissertation was on these issues in europe. At that time, europe was six countries. May give you a sense of when we are talking about. But i came back from being in residence at mpi europe which i founded in 2011. My colleagues were great hosts, great intelligents, great people to have arguments with, just like my colleagues are here in washington which is refreshing. I am very mindful of the fact primarily because doris and michelle and others have told me again and again in the last 12 hours or 24 hours, i got to be cursed and i got to be short so i will try to speak for about 30 minutes because the value of this kinds of events is in the conversation that follows, in your questions. I cannot imagine what it is thats on your mind and im not going to try to but i do want to know what questions you have and maybe ill be able to provide at least my take on the answers. I will start with a few observations. Ill be very quick and elliptical here about in a sense europe, in particular the european institutions. By that i mean, the three institutions. There are many more but the three main institutions that exist in brussels. Of course, the European Commission being the one that most of us know about. And hear from. Et cetera. We do know that theres a European Parliament and can be a conversation as to what does the parliament do. That would be a conversation for a different meeting. And, of course, something that we on this side of the atlantic all too often are not quite perfectly clear about, which is, the European Council. It happens to have the unfortunate name of the word council. Some people confuse it with the council of europe. The European Council is essentially the Gathering Place of all of the heads of state of the European Union. And sometimes guests. They are the ultimate Decision Maker although if the president of the European Commission were sitting in the audience he may have slightly different take as to who the ultimate decisionmaker is. Then, i will talk a little bit about some facts because there are some things that i find even in europe the way that we talk about these things, we sort of dont pay athengs to these facts. We tend to think that, you know, the crisis is a European Crisis. I will explain what part of the crisis European Crisis and what part of the crisis is not a European Crisis and it is rather a crisis for a few, very few, Member States and why. And then i im going to have were going to put up there or you have already on your table a map because a map of that part of europe ignore the western western part, gives you a big sense as to why, you know, certain countries are clearly on the pathway of all of this developments. And some other ones sort of sit back and observe and they feel perfectly free to throw stones or, you know, participate when they feel like it, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. And then, im going to give a very quickly five ways that we might start regaining control over this particular crisis because my sense is and my sense now is in minority position. Used to be in the majority position. I thought that this was a real crisis for europe. And now most of the europeans and the officials in europe are far to the right of me. Theyre saying its a real existential crisis so all of a sudden i find myself in a position where im no longer the darkest person in the room rather that im a lightest person in the room. That doesnt happen to me very often i think. So let me say a few things about bru brussels. In so many ways brussels was not created to deal with geopolitical crises. It has a weak Foreign Policy apparatus. It does not have a defense policy. It does have the tools of stage craft to address crisis of this type. It is intended to be a place in which states collaborating with each other under the jis of the commission and mostly of the council try to get together in order to deal with the other kinds of daytoday crisis and build more and more muscle as it were, more and more responsibility. I call it more europe. Many people call it that. And thats a conversation that we can all have again at another time. Brussels tends to be slow in anything that deals with difficult issues. It was intended to be slow. Its sort of like the u. S. Senate was intended to be sort of the body that will put the brakes on all of this other people in the house of representatives. They act in haste. Its tools are longterm ones. Developing legislation, passing laws, in other words, takes a listening time. You need to do all of your preparatory work and then pass it. You have to negotiate with far too many others. Et cetera, et cetera. It only knows how to act bureaucratically. Its not the political body. It has to be the heads of state. And there are far too many people who mistrust the commission, et cetera, et cetera. Some of these things are earned and some other ones are unfair. So, you know, this is always necessary for us to be keeping an eye on those things because if were if youre being too critical, i suspect that were probably wrong. If were being too soft or equally wrong, so we have to sort of create a path that allows us to do things in a way that makes sense. And this is in a sense the glass is half empty kind of approach to brussels. Cant do the kinds of things that it needs to do in the crisis that unfolds and changes and, you know, sort of becomes Something Else, you know, in a months time. If you look at the day da that over the last six or seven months where people came from, how they entered europe, what the composition of the flows are, et cetera, et cetera, you see every month or two things are changing and rather dramatical dramatically. In other words, you know, doris knows all about this in trying to deal with the u. S. mexico border. If she would do a fairly good job in one part unless youre mindful of the entire 2,000 miles, then people are going to move somewhere else. And this is what we saw last year. The first half of the year and the Previous Year was all about the central immediate trainian people trying to make it into italy. One single data around the middle of the last year, the numbers coming through italy or to italy from north africa were roughly the same as the people, the numbers of people who had come through the greek islands. By the end of the year, the people who had been registered, in other words, as we all know the figures are not always the figures, the people who have been have been registered coming through the aegean in the high 800,000. You might as well put an unknown number on top of that while the numbers at the end of the year that had come through italy more about 150,000. Okay . And the flows, who was included in that also changed dramatically. So you have to sort of be on top of it and at the same time keep perspective. Not an easy thing, i know that we all understand this. And to be fair to once more to the commission, the commissioners are dedicated europeans. The commission for the First Time Ever ive been working with the commission now this place has been working with commission for about 15 years. Very closely. Since 2002, in fact. As well as Member States. And it is remarkable to me after 14 years we have been saying you have to think and act as a whole of government. In this regard. You think and act horizontally. You know . You have to have commissioners. If you cant engage the trade commissioner to do some thing tons crisis to allow certain products by refugees and the local communities around the refugees from lebanon, jordan, turkey, then you are not really helping the cause. And now i understand very clearly from commissioners and all that that theyre thinking horizontally. Six or seven or eight or 12 years must be engaged in this. Humanitarian, development, migration portfolio, trade and all that. Actually work together. Which is a Remarkable Development as it were. You know . Dont waste the crisis or however the people talk about this. And, of course, the council is this group that meets. Last year it met dozen and a half times on an emergency summit. Think about it. You know . You take three days out of the schedule of people, heads of states and their entire entourage and key ministers who have a day job to do. Multiply it by whatever the number of summits and realize theres 30, 40, 50 days they didnt do what they were supposed to do back home. In fact, tomorrow will be the first summit of the year thursday and friday in brussels to deal presumably with things that deal with, you know, this the exemptions that the brits want from certain requirements of the union but i suspect that right up the