Swastika. A documentary about this sounds of power, inspiring story about survival of the home or do you go get the tennis . I was the only one, usually nazi germany. Watch now on youtube dw documentary. The, [000 00 00;00] the as nations go. The vatican is tiny. But on the stage of world history, its a giant the magnificent buildings of vatican city were built around the humble tomb of saint peter. Even the 1st basilica on the site was almost as large as no true dom and paris. Yeah, of course and killing me. Structure was over 120 meters long and 66 inches wide. Its dimensions were colossal valley. And the successor to the 1st basilica is even more impressive. St. Peters basilica was intended to be the Largest Church in the world, covering over 20000 square meters. The size of 3 soccer fields. It can hold 60000. 00 worshippers, both in size, but also even in its aesthetic qualities. It needs to be grand a year old in order to impress if visitors, building a church of this size present to the norm is technical challenges. Not least of which was how to build a 42 meter diameter down 110 meters above the ground. The chair and rings were incorporated into the dont say the large amount of iron made it a very modern structure. The in the middle of st. Peters square stands and of the list wing over 300. 00 tons. To raise it, a wooden structure was built that served as both a crane and a means of transporting it. About 900 met, hundreds and 40 full horses and 40 inches in the vatican. City architecture is entirely at the surface of the church. A secret 800 meter long passage way was reserved for the popes exclusive use. And documents from the early days of christianity are stored in an underground bunker field gets linked to the 80 kilometers of shelves. Behind these architectural wonders lying unimaginable number of technical challenges. Michelangelo not only painted the Sistine Chapel, but also devised the necessary scaffolding himself. And bernini conceived a highly original design for saint peter square. About 300000 pieces can fit into the piazza. The vatican allows us to see what is normally closed to prying eyes. And 3 d animation immersed as us and the cities. Amazing architecture join us as we bring the secrets of the holy city to light. The vatican lies in the heart of italy, nestled in the city of rome. It is less than half a square kilometer in area, a 3rd of which is made up of gardens in parts excluding a few plots of land outside the city proper. The vatican is only a 5th. The size of monica. The pontiff stands at the head of the small nation, protected by 135 swiss guards. The vatican may be a micro nation, but it is the spiritual guiding light. For 1300000000 christians across the world, the if you think about it 2000 years ago, there was nothing on the vatican hill to understand how was city state with the norm is symbolic power was created from nothing or almost nothing. We have just started st. Peters basilica, more than 20000 visitors descend on the cathedral every day. To admire the architectural masterpiece, the lavish decor and the christian imagery, news. But the origins of saint peters basilica light the need thats marble, floors at the exact spot where the famous 28 meter high bronze canopy stands, the if you were to dig down 10 meters, you would discover that in the crop police late here before the cathedral was built the and then the company that the men acropolis was laid out along a small road. And thats literally, yeah, these burial sites were located here on the hill. They were placed on the outskirts of the city because the ancient romans divided the living from the dead. Wave on the city was the realm of the living. And the dead lived outside it. D. E more simple. At that time, this graveyard was actually outside the city of rome. Its well preserved and still contains tombs, some of which are over 2000 years old. And near this, the acropolis is another building that played an Important Role for the vatican. Down the hill from the cemetery, amber, a collegial, a, had a roman arena, built to legal, not able to, we cause legally built a venue that he then left all the successors, including euro, which is why it is also known as the circus of curricula in nero. In the middle, the circus was 500 meters law, 100 meters wide and could hold up to 20000 spectators. It was the site of a pivotal event and the story of christianity. At the foot of this obelisk in the year 6480. After the great fire of rome and 64, a, d, m for nero, decided to blame the christians and to set up a mixture spot of execution. In this surface, he executed saint peter crucified upside down, and his friends are given the body of a 70 year old dead man, which they have to very quickly. And they buried him in a hole in the ground. This simple hole in the middle of an acropolis became a pilgrimage shrine for christians from all over the world. Emperor constantine, 250 years later, was the 1st Roman Emperor to convert to christianity. He had a church built there, laying the foundation for what later became saint peters basilica. The church that we know today is saint john letter and was the 1st church built. And that was a series of other churches dedicated to st. Peter, Paul Lawrence cetera. The bit silly because it konstantin built for st. Peter was probably the most complex project because the one requisite was that the 2 of saint peter stay where it was and become the central space of the church. This is an efforts to preserve the exact spot of peters to which is really beyond the ordinary, this unusual project to begin with, dismantling the circus of curricula and nero only. The obelisk in the middle remained after the stones were removed, the slope of the hillside on which the basilica was to be built, had to be levelled off in order to do this, since peters too was on a hillside, the engineers had to lop off the top of the hill in order to create a flat plateau. Begonia for the uphill slope had to be excavated, and the soil used to in silver sloped down hill of a tool named h. 5. It was stabilized off the southern metre high retaining wall. This one, this surface on which the largest christian basilica, the time could be built, get out on the bus the because a lot people get on the bus. The guy can see the structure was over 120 meters long, and 66 meters wide. The transcript was 90 minutes across the lagoon. Another 60 or 70 meters were added in front of the basilica for the atrium video. And i mean, i mean its dimensions were colossal. Close radiated columns made of expensive marble, getting the marble blocks from the imperial quarries to rome. Inquired complex logistical planning. In the late middle ages, when the basilica was almost a 1000 years old, it needed renovation. And numerous alterations had greatly changed its appearance. Building with many sections added to a punk clear, and maybe even on fits for religious ceremonies that were taking place or should the original basilica be renovated and further altered or simply demolished. The church shows the 2nd option and plan and even more colossal building they want to something that would reflect a new power at this stage of renaissance papacy in size, but also in its form. Its a static qualities. It needs to be grandiose. The dome of saint peters basilica is a symbol of this grand year. From below, it looks as if it was built with consummate ease. But the reality was quite different. Constructing the dont and the rest of the feature was an adventure to say the least, the ceremonies lawyers by all the architects that have been involved in the project. So found on to my, to the im slow, the 4th time, monday or not. But how to connect all these drawings, and im a stylist who is doing watch and what needs to watch that is very difficult also to solve. The 1st pieces of the puzzle include an extraordinary pope julie as the 2nd and a star of italian architecture to not to put them onto together, they began with st. Peters basilica project. The layout does not resemble of that across as churches usually do, but takes the form of a greek cross with a central dont. For smaller, neighboring downs and for towers or mounted designs are great cross projects which agrees with renaissance ideas of the ideal buildings. And we say spiritual, i dears, gold being the center of the universe because im gonna jump over again. And this was, i mean, innovative project, bob. Nothing like is it ever been done before . And so it required huge financial and material investment. It had the purposeful and generous important that you can face. Romantic models is still a month end of the pansy on built in ancient times and only 2 kilometers from the vatican. The nearly 2000 year old building has survived because the architects of the time had mastered the use of concrete. The from monte adopted the shape of the pantheon down, but raised the dome of saint peters by several dozen meters. Respect your secretaries at saint peters is a grandiose cathedral with a central floor plan. You can please yet the gigantic dont rest on for killers with 4 large fortress im use of what i mean that the cheap one. When i said we made that, and even if it was technically difficult to build, picking us the structure not only had to be directed but also had to last for a long time. So it has to be able to support its own ways to stand as well. As with stan earthquake causes that storms and other unforeseen events over the course of time, i didnt remote particularly soon as she said 0. And you can note the important let me work began on the new st. Peters basilica in 15 o 6 and remained a one of a kind construction site for almost 120 years. But typically i think this was certainly the largest construction site in the world at the time mind letting me what i didnt realize to construct such a building, you not only needs brakes, limestone, travertine, and marble, but also materials such as iron lead and 10 federal bureau of course, this is also true for other cathedrals, but especially for st. Peters because it is so big i. K, i know, been involved with construction not only touched what is now the laws your region, but practically the whole of your whole. The best sums of funding were raised work progress slowly. Pope julie as the 2nd died and 1513. 00 and not till bermonte followed a year later by then the structural corps of saint peters had been completed, including the 4 columns and their connecting arches. But construction of the town had not even begun and it was not clear if it could be built at all. The successors of julius the 2nd dental not to bermonte, now had to contend with a half finished show. If you think about the number of health and the number of architects, it is a very long winded for tax knots longer than any other projects that any other pulse on the to the future of saint peters remained uncertain. For 40 years, it was as if the project was cursed, architect after architect brought only sluggish progress. One of these rough buyout plan to transform the layouts into a latin cross with a classical name. When he died, 37, his plans died with him. Raphael successor, antonio, the son jello pondered a wouldnt model for 8 years without thing a single stone the the 1st architect to bring momentum back to the project. Despite his advanced years was michelangelo the almost out of desperation. Hope all of the 3rd summit, michaelangelo, when i rotate in november 15, 46 because all the other great masters had done it already must be too good on the device that most people pull this, the tulsas michelangelo to become the architect to some piece. Hes 72 years old. By this point, you know, absolutely incredible. The could be a master still achieve a stroke of genius that 72. 00. Would you live long enough to leave his mark on the building . And how would he go about building the huge down . These questions remained unanswered for the time being. Like for a month, he wants to bills a hand. This farrah done michelangelo admired the punchy, and he said that it was built by angels and not by man. These are the most difficult times to build because the nature of the hemisphere want to implement michaelangelo again, took up romantic original idea of the basilica with this central town. Partly because perfect symmetry represented purity. And partly for reasons of cost. You couldnt just think of something completely out of the appeal, so you have to work with what was already standing because it wouldnt been far too expensive to tear down everything and then doing something. But michelangelo wanted to set an example as an artist and master builder. His dont was to be the largest ever built to get a general michaelangelo designed a revolutionary deal. It is basically a double jones with 2 domes that sits on top of each other but hardly touch god. They are separate from each other and the inner dont, theres the way it gets. Walls are barely one meter thick. Apple that will be specific. Dont this 42 liters and diameter man. So this was very daring. I mean get the idea behind michelangelos double. Dont me is that the pair of the load and together one and reinforced each other because they are connected at the edge. You see the jammed the land turn that over to you. So for me say i did it in a lot on the dont wrists on a ring shape, september or drum which is clad with 15 meter high double columns at the top. The click to launch and i just didnt live to see those jobs. Nice to finish is the drum one. Then we want a, the silica look very strange when he died, a switch a suit, and his building successor inherited a time or without of no pressing who would finally achieve the seemingly Impossible Task of building the dont the michaelangelo successor, the 3rd cathedral architect was giacomo de la port and when he showed the pope his design, he knew exactly what sort of challenges awaited him. 6 is the 5th half of the day and says, oh the poor to how long is this guy . How parent pines, michelangelo is 17 years to build the drum. So the poor to assess 10 years, which is a massive underestimate to build the signal was done twice the height of the past 6. The says, you have to to complete to a record to dont within such a short time frame, deal a port to altered michelangelos design fee replace the hemisphere with a peak arch. Raising the dome, another 7 meters to retain the idea of the double zones. But his shells would thicker, and thanks to internal rips, much more stable. I put a sense of a postponing these rid of this better distributed wave is to the load bearing surface. So the drum below think about that. The 2nd advantage here is that the ribs connected with the 2 shells score so that they move together in the foundation of settles a level or in an earthquake quote. So they are a much stronger and more stable ones. Here it was, the de la porto also had middle reinforcements built into the dont structure on all 3 of the chairs and there are 3 metal rings in the door and 4 more and in the lantern is that, i mean it is further reinforced by chains, iron plates and metal rods means the large amount of iron made it a very modern structure means to the iron plays and especially Important Role for the lantern. At a 110 meters above the ground, it is completely exposed to the winds and so tends to vibrate tasks out loud. Yeah. So would have to flex as much as possible and like to ask the guy that was hes, he might say technical stroke of genius that made it possible to build its own actually even higher than like sometimes what happens. And this is also a cheap by his work, cuz on site building 247 around the cool delta pools, finishes vista in 22 months. So john, on the success of the 52 year time limit the in 16 o 312 years after the construction of the main dont the new cheap architect calling on my down know, had the oldest silica demolished, the the name was built in its place, making saint peters basilica, the Largest Church in the world. But the facade was massive and blocked the view of the dont from st. Peters square, the police definitely so not a, from a functional point of view. Everything was perfect. But michelangelos design had been disfigured. I dont see, i should be up with you that you could no longer see the dont especially the timber, which was a key element to the dont on my that machine. And were still maturing. Know, chose this type of facade because it resembled a palace facade. And gave the impression that there was an institution within your architect, john, lorenzo bettany was given the task of reducing the facade mass of appearance and bringing the dome back to the fore. On paper, the silver sion seemed relatively simple. But for vanity, it turned into a nightmare. Bringing was commission to build some towers on the facade that had been erected by. But because the lines on which stopped part of the structure standing are quite marshy. The foundations were moving off to supports these towers. So when he starts to build these towers fairly quick, the cracks appear in the facades of saint peters have made clear about tactics v. This was not possible. Despite this set, that benny would ultimately leave a deep impression. It was he who designed the best silicates interior from the canopy over saint peters tomb, to the adornment of the dont support pillars and the church flooring. The a few years later he was entrusted with a task that would also shape the architecture of the vatican. The he was commissioned to design st. Peters square in whatever shape of things take. The primary specification is to do with as many people as opposed to being able to see the benediction on the facade. Benny had to contend with a 25 meter tall papa lisk. This monolith weighing over 300 tons, was Still Standing where it had been in the old circus. But in the future, it was to mark the middle of the square in front of saint peters basilica. We estimate that about 300000 people can fit into the p f. This is an extraordinary mine booklet amount of people which tells you something about the scale of the structure than any one to, to place them on the list in the middle of the future. Square, because saint peter had died, edit sports. And because pope 6 this, the 5th at erected obelisk all over room as symbols of power. But also as a landmarks for pilgrims, 6 is the 5th, is the post. The rear rags was also the list that you see standing in room today. Hes taking on bull, which was the ancient Roman Emperor. It stated the symbols of power. Those are the wo, put them in strategic locations that would help to cruise navigates through the city. Moving a more than 300. 00 ton obelisk was a risky endeavor. The riddle, granite could break if it was dragged to another place. So the pope announced the competition for ideas that is a european wide competition. Im probably something around 500 submissions was sent to the post, trying to come up with various solutions. One of the suggestions that came name was pray via tell in Domenico Fontana when the competition the architect came up, not with a prayer, but and astonishing machine. The Main Construction name is called the cast. This is a boeing you mental which is framed up the functions as various areas of support for the r