Be a shielding us from the deadly vacuum of space. And these lands on teeming with life insects seats, pawn and bacteria floats in the atmosphere. Similar to the tanks on the drink with ocean currents, the tiny organisms dancing in the wind, a cold arrow plank. And for several decades, ero biology is focused on these organisms, the. Its a branch of biology thats long been under appreciated era biologists study the movement of life in the atmosphere, whether the tiny organisms in a cloud, the rain dropped or in the cost of a desert wind. Learning about these and born organisms is becoming increasing the relevant things to concerns about bio Diversity Health and the climate. Understanding how they influence sign lives and the global animal and plant well is increasing the importance. Swelling all around us is a valuable and still launch. Can mysterious ecology is to be a for the discoveries just waiting to be discovered. The one that i place you on the, to the one to, to receive up here, you have the feeling youre far away from everything thats presented to the. But thats exactly the point we want to find out if this life at this altitude and what time, what are the zip all of either 10 men, you have a book in there. Circling, constructed on the wind, is blowing at about 20 Kilometers Per Hour on. So a particle travel is a remarkable 20 Kilometers Per Hour. Sounds like you to minutes. Lets click on see the yeah, im a to at the institute of chemistry oakland mall fell in central. France wants to learn more about micro organisms in the atmosphere. Today hes on this time its up to predict them as an altitude of almost 1500 meters. Hes setting up time tom trunk, set the observatory traps on essentially vacuum cleaners the comp chat, the dice. Select the tiny apple and travelers when p im a to looks into the skies. He knows that anything bought empty the atmosphere around this is bustling with life. To skate on his list, 5th, the under. So now almost everything in the atmosphere comes from the earth surface. Ok, so the mirror image of the ground best. We also know that most fits all very dynamic considering that its moving and makes things so mean all day of today wins. Sweep over all of the surfaces, stuttering apple types of particles, but lifeless and living there and feasible to the naked eye. But it constantly around us. These particles float up to 5000 meters high and reflect the different type of tense on the ground. Of the the aerosols, brians about forests. They can contain leaf dunst, poland, moans, and bacteria. The pseudo volume. So phone, imagine beyond cubic center when its windy mixed together to form a clinical footprints of this forest the, which spreads across the whole land. Very so they bone while some of the major cities as the over a meadow. There might be grass clippings, small insects, and minuscule traces of sheets for over a highway. A cloud might form of tie of particles, we will, droplets, and fine dust. High altitude winds mix the arizona and transport them far away. The this into mixing happens continuously as it does a variety of life forms and the arrow penton sweat to long body and conference. The place data boucher and manuela paula shay welk at the National Research institute of agriculture, food and environment. In the plan. In west and fronds, theyre collecting samples from this on the line structure positions in the middle of the fields. Its essentially a joint insect vacuum cleaner. Theres a strong as though from the trap. The position in uh does not do it though, if it by exact ammonia in a good 12 meters high, then on or 40 feet to be exact because its an english model. It was metal. And in this, at the depth to lay, we dont want to use it to catch insects that fly 2 meters above the ground. Dont look rather oregon. So that, that works. Went into the air schools, those and travel greater distance point. They dont send it on there to do it. It is a long since that that reveals more about the arrow pointing of the whole region youre putting on this keyboard. Whats to do and also nicer. A wednesday who is very good news. There are even lifeline says he wrote, this is the nice weather amount of will take it to the land, the insane. So the laundry is dont in isms an arrow painted. And they can stay in the for a few hours or several days and float up to 1500 meters, depending on their size and the wind speed. The trap socks and everything. But policies by agricultural Scientists Use the results to warn the fall. Most of clouds of a fade, so the past the trap operates. Oh yeah. Around the cock is this is really a lot to its because its a sunny day. You pull it up. I mean im m as in a site. Ok. Another one is hiding. Last guess, you know, run another a beat leaf if it, the beatles and flies, fox, even spite is a tremendous variety of species play a role in the invisible ariel by swelling above us. The comes on medium uh about just as the account myself as an allergy and small presentations in the seat that 2 cubic meter of air above our heads contained so many different organisms of that, that included support on your call and bacteria preventive, but also small insect spider is like daily basis and it is on say, design you to tell the organisms, right the wins like flying compet the and gives them a chance to be nourished, to reproduce. And to so find the weve known about the existence of arrow painting for nearly 200 years. Which is naturalized Charles Darwin noted in his journal during his expedition to the galapagos in 18. 35. The spiders were entangled in the ships rigging many miles from shaw. And in the 2nd tom for the 19th century, french scientist louis past due proved through a series of experiments. The particles were continuously suspended in the yeah, he called them organized coal tassels. As to is remembered, is one of the fathers of modern micro biology, tuberculosis, and strikes meningitis around that time. Scientists discover diseases could be caused by such and bacteria. A new branch of science was born and wrote biology. Scientists began comparing measurements in the same amount of that 55000. 00 bacteria were found in the bustling, dilute as a by lee in paris. But on the 7600. 00 were found among the trees in a box. In the swiss alps the hotel even advertised with assign the claimed only 25. 00 bacteria. The then there was the work of legendary pilot Charles Lindbergh in the 19 searches he attached and it the soup divines to his plane and then flew over the icy landscapes of northern canada. Collecting a variety of fungal, expose, poland, and micro algae. The samples supported the pieces that living things can survive Long Distance and travel at high altitudes. But in the years that followed arrow biology descended into obscurity. The organism suspended in yeah, was somewhat forgotten. The ingredients in satellite imagery, we kindled interest in the late 20th century. A scientist discovered unbelievable amounts of suspended micro organisms. She was looking to push the also i love the way down to when you blow the dust off a piece of furniture. You see that its carried away with the air flow. Its the same in the atmosphere. Now. The mass of these particles is so small that once airborne, they stay there and follow the f. O is the last few of the cool down. Fuss while to lack researchers the inter continental transport of desert task. He says roughly 2000000000 tons of sewing on the task. Rise from the laundries deserts every year and circulate in the atmosphere. These gigantic tasks around swift scene via satellite images in the 19 ages. Aero biologists spend realized the true extent of circulating aero pine tone. No, but suddenly i met you on, you know, i dont know just contains not only mineral matters, but in some cases also living organic material to give you micro organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Im, you know, as soon as the test is, keeps out, it carries this array of living micro organisms to complete the new place, then this, which will be the, its easy for a bacterium, fungal spa, all virus to attach to a tiny speck of dust and take flight the dead winds does up grains of sand blasting of tiny granules of clay on impact tons of johnston, micro organisms, a sucked into boom and columns, reaching a height of 3 to 4 kilometers. Will go up. Well see what we can track this task over Long Distances, also to see if we see a satellite images can help visualize the formation of such a cloud over the so hard as a within several hours. The cloud grows and starts moving to the area. I will say, dont, dont, ill fast forward, theres will 3 tell what goes set to close mazda pursue days later, you can see these huge dust masses reaching the Atlantic Ocean here. This, with a few days later, theyre already over western france. It will cuz theyll likely to send over the british ios or even scandinavia, a precaution was showing us coordinated ex, weather conditions high and low pressure areas. Boom and cold and current. Either pull the task booms in or blow them away, they foam and highways, but circle the, the kilometers take tasks, cloud can cross the atlantic within a week the, the atmosphere is a true transpose of life. The book to the jail. No matter contains chemical elements, and in some instances, nutrients, the touch police desert does transports help balance eco systems on the earth surface. This increases the sofas or the tail. The tiny organisms, an arrow pointing tone, travel incredibly Long Distance. They said high altitudes. But how do they travel and how do they affect the ground the accomplish micro organisms eventually touch down somewhere on us of the body. The immediate cas emmanuel is in catalonia and researching what is known as micro bill deposition and its connections to Climate Change. Hes working on a major study of micro organisms in the atmosphere and almost with a key science by his research is in the spanish baronies the to see the just see you the, i guess coming from out of the 2 dimensions of the metal. Were at an altitude of over 2000 meters, where theres little interference from local air pollution. Im losing better so we want to capture micro organisms thats right in the atmosphere and travel from continent to cutting it gas in the office instead of going through them done a lot more so that youll be going to do this on. We gathered rainwater in a collector for one week and the sample includes micro organisms in small particle and sequence. We collect these in a filter and bring it to the land and i dont know one of them which, which, which, which, which, which the most part people us get the most i can hear. You can see the particle. So like, you know, whats the best part of the water is clear again, because all the particles got stuck in our filter and most of you i, in the, in the part of the plus one is that because there are organic particles like bacteria, it fund guy holland but also in organic ones like clay silicates, can minerals that come from far away is almost because hes been in front of them with us. What are some of those things as well here, and could be just from africa, for example. The 3rd, which was transported them yet mysterious system was washed out by the rain and the light. Thats what were capturing here. The water is probably running. There are thousands of millions of micro organisms in this filter means it means that the me unit in griffin is these continuous deliveries of micro organisms are a natural process that if a cut through out of history, once the particles lined again, the tiny travelers have a Significant Impact on ecosystems, some bacteria and help boost pond gross, by attaching to them and pulling nitrogen from the others, penetrate the soil and recycle dead organic matter. Viruses and microscopic modes regulate animal and plant life. So let me throw and these will stick when theyll gain when these micro organisms land in. They can colonize new habitat. We, when she spends an excellent dispersal system for bacteria that im the, allowing them to colonize the entire planet. Theres small, reactive biological entities that land in a distant planet is whatever and create new life in some other solid of somebody thatll be the media. Cast them i, yours teams started micro organisms in rain, walter the years and with the help of weather data trace, the arrow pine comes pathways. The scientists were able to show which region ocean all continent, the streams of arrow pine come came from and they discovered some remarkable pattons of the in the summer ero plank, tom tends to be local. It rises from the farmlands of spain and northern europe. Above the city is rivers and lakes. But in the winter, the major streams of arrow pine to him come primarily from the Atlantic Ocean, bacteria and viruses cross the ocean within 3 days and to send over the mountains. Already had left the middle resort that it was going to be un, what you better when we analyze the initial results of storm xavier and june, we noticed in trends that recur annually, this was an amazing discovery. How is it possible that the same micro organisms appear at the same time every year . They see those up, but its gonna be moving. We know they travel over the sea or emerge from the nature. Here are some plants growing the spring of this growing the summer months and the cycles are mirrored in the atmosphere. So used to speak last time, you know, quarter in, and im with of the streams of arrow pine tone and not some random mix of species drifting with no rhyme or reason. The microbial mazda is the rise and settle at the own cycles and seasons. Just like bands, flowers and bumblebee, the but given that it is the transpose of life, the atmosphere kind of also poses a threat among the multitude of microbes circling the skies a some the to um say that humans can microscopic ero pint on. Make us sick. The on the planet food will fly need yes. Most of the people used to talk about my as medic. X relations when it came to airborne diseases or prevention was impossible. Back then, the method of transmission wasnt really unknown because that meant that all human afflictions, but generally attributed to the environment. You know, some of the, the failed to submit this real nice old notion of a noxious atmosphere that makes people sick, has some truth to it. We now know that all microbes and viruses floating into yeah, which can infect humans, animals and plants, but flu and foot and mouth disease can spread from bomb to bomb. With the help of the wind over several kilometers, a dead condition is can release legionella which causes potentially fatal pneumonia. The many fungal spawns that enter the atmosphere before settling in the soil, a microscopic ticking time bombs, the shopping. You visited the visual, put those in a symbol. There are some pretty dangerous pathogenic fun guy is quite easy to look. Hospitals are mindful of this because when soil and send a move during construction workers and their adverse wins, this is ask for a deal of sports and other harmful molds can enter clinics and cause epidemic. Oh no, no need for you. Well, does it to them . You dont need to be, shes of the genus as forgiveness. I found everywhere. Youre including in the atmosphere acute on it. If they appear in large amount, theyre dangerous to him. You know, compromise, i think, gross, me the degree of what we need to manage the science as shown. Pathogens can spread of a medium distances droplet infection of a very short distance is of up to one meter, such as the influenza virus or the virus that causes cobit 19 is also being proven. The font that isnt solid evidence to show that transmission happens over a Long Distances of several 100 kilometers the filters in for them to those few pathogens dangerous to humans can travel very Long Distance is so question deals at the corona virus was studied in the laboratory football nobility, and it turned out its very sensitive to alex to yeah, of course, does uv radiation and dryness quickly kill and render a virus harmless when its suspended in the air outside optimal vital truth. If i didnt think of it, the atmosphere is even more dangerous, but viruses than insects. Only one in a 1000000 microbes survives. Its trying to see the box. Google cool and hold on to the activity. But theres a large numbers of bacteria and seemingly with some pathogens are not get a cause for concern because theyre mostly dead. The only most were talking about traces of genetic material. So spiral bacterial occurs acidic, but not live viruses this into a box, the lives of people. The men say look, you know, its very rare for individual viruses or bacteria to make you sick. A lot. It takes a substantial viral load to become infected because luckily i bodies have Strong Defense and most likely to always low level who follows the organs immune systems. Vigilant napa, the last most Infectious Diseases today transmitted by a different kind of and pump the way through our planes. Passengers on board spread micro organisms all over the planet. In spring time, poland takes its turn on this giant and carousel pollen grains produce themselves. They often travel far and wide, and reproduce with the female gummy of other trees. This is beneficial to many living beings. The little med johnny, the poland grains couldnt break releasing irritants, but make poland allergy is a widespread problem. Of the at the university of little in france, you called on a visa and now the usual on studying poland. Theyve captured from the yeah. Theyre examining whether poland grains breakout more easily when they encounter air pollutants in the sky over the report. Let me adjust this the live. What are the they are in the x to is this, this poland has truly exploded on the national to credit. They dont. This is the sample from the books. Poland sees it could help cause thats where you can float the pole in this practice. So in this rate, what is what is a subset . So mock want that its deflated the, their protective membrane is really shredded. If they how long they should get this of the weather and for the next week to see it will sneer, we see the broken falling of which lost its original reproductive function. You can also see the release of the small particles, which are dangerous for people with asthma and stuff like walkers. Its immeasurable because im truly confident and of course not all pollen greens in the atmosphere are shown here, has to mole our job is to count them difficulty. Whats the percentage of damage grain designing . So not a harmful to how its curious because they seem to get some support. I sulfate the research is one to bank to understand what happens between a poland grain and a pollutant in the atmosphere. So that recreating this interaction in the power train, the appalling is intentionally damaged. Why do you think so feeling i bought fro