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In 1294 the cardinals are determined to renew the spiritual supremacy of the papacy by electing a pope through the proper channels. warring factions are deadlocked, which has left rome without a leader and in dire shape. frustrated by the delay and state of rome, a hermit monk writes to the conclave. >> he was an example of these kinds of crazy guys who live up a mountain, and live on beans, and read nothing but the gospel. >> he warns the cardinals that vengeance will fall on them if they continue the stalemate.

Puppet pope celestine v in 1294, philip iv of france is determined to reassert his power over the papacy. but the new pope boniface viii is refusing to give in to the greedy monarch. >> philip iv comes to a time when warfare is brought by purchasing armies. he needs more and more money. >> the church is very wealthy. >> so when boniface dies, king philip ensures that a pope who will give him what he wants is elected. >> he expressed very clearly to the college of cardinals that he preferred this particular french candidate. it wasn't an easy election. but ultimately the french side was strong ...

Class to private e-1. she told him he is dishonorably discharged. he will have to forfeit all his allahnesses and pay. -- allowances and pay. he will do 35 years in jail. the exact number was with credit of 1294 days. from where most of the press was sitting it was impossible to see manning's reaction. we know he did not say anything. that was it. we know the, maximum possible sentence was 90 years according to the judge. the u.s. government said they wanted at least 60 years. they wanted him in jail until he was 85. his defense team said they thought 25 was fair because they thought he was a ...

Resign was 1294 and he basically ended up being impressioned by his successor locked away in a tower somewhere, died of the damp something like that. this idea that i'm going to step away from the papacy, hasn't happened in hundreds of years but the way he's doing it is completely unprecedented. >> we'll refer to him as the pope, then he'll be called his holiness benedict. he said to love the church also means having the courage to make difficult decisions bearing always in mind the good of the church and not one's self. what do you make of this transition and the next chapter ahead for the ch...

>> reporter: it came as a major shock here. the only time that a pope resigned was back in 1294, the fifth to resign, and that didn't go so well with public sentiment. the recent ig nails was called the great refusal, and even featured in dante's inferno "the divine comedy." received more positive reactions this time. a cardinal said they admired his courage, and it does take courage to step down as a leader of a 1.2 billion catholics around the world, but pope benedict xiv is ed it himself, i don't have the strength to carry on all the duties that are required by the pope and the pontiff. he ...