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Improvements of the productivity and saccharification efficiency of the cellulolytic β-glucosidase D2-BGL in Pichia pastoris via directed evolution

β-Glucosidases are essential for cellulose hydrolysis by catalyzing the final cellulolytic degradation of cello-oligomers and cellobiose to glucose. D2-BGL is a fungal glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH3) β-glucosidase isolated from Chaetomella raphigera with high substrate affinity, and is an efficient β-glucosidase supplement to Trichoderma reesei cellulase mixtures for the saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. We have carried out error-prone PCR to further increase catalytic efficiency of wild-type (WT) D2-BGL. Three mutants, each with substitution of two amino acids on D2-BGL, exhibited increased activity in a preliminary mutant screening in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Effects of single amino acid replacements on catalysis efficiency and enzyme production have been investigated by subsequent expression in Pichia pastoris. Substitution F256M resulted in enhancing the tolerance to substrate inhibition and specific activity, and substitution D224G resulted in increas ....

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Iranian superwomen's career experiences: a qualitative study


Underlying factors of work experience
All participants confirmed that a number of background and underlying factors contributed to the formation of their work experiences. These factors were grouped into six main categories, including limited job opportunities for women, educational context (the mindset formed in the parental home), and obligation to find and continue a job, freedom to find and continue a job, personality traits, and non-cognitive skills.
Educational context
The prevailing culture and upbringing in childhood and adolescence influence many decisions and non-decisions in adulthood.
… My mother was had job, and this mentality had been formed in me since childhood that a girl should be independent… Participants 6, 9, 3, and 8. ....

Az Arbayjane Sharqi , Khalili Vernakshi , Mental Health Continuum , Ardabil University , Ethics Committee Of Iran , Additional File , Mental Health Continuum Short Form , Ethics Committee , Iran Ardabil University , Medical Sciences , மன ஆரோக்கியம் தொடர்ச்சி , அடைப்பில் பல்கலைக்கழகம் , மன ஆரோக்கியம் தொடர்ச்சி குறுகிய வடிவம் , நெறிமுறைகள் குழு , மருத்துவ அறிவியல் ,

Measuring barriers to fistula care: investigating composite measures for targeted fistula programming in Nigeria and Uganda


Background
Accessing surgical repair poses challenges to women living with female genital fistula who experience intersectional vulnerabilities including poverty, gender, stigma and geography. Barriers to fistula care have been described qualitatively in several low- and middle-income countries, but limited effort has been made to quantify these factors. This study aimed to develop and validate composite measures to assess barriers to accessing fistula repair in Nigeria and Uganda.
Methods
This quantitative study built on qualitative findings to content validate composite measures and investigates post-repair client surveys conducted at tertiary hospitals in Northern and Southern Nigeria and Central Uganda asking women about the degree to which a range of barriers affected their access. An iterative scale development approach included exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of two samples (n = 315 and n = 142, respectively) using STATA 13 software. Reliab ....

Fistula Care Plus Project , Open Data Kit , Additional File , Tucker Lewis Index , ஃபிஸ்துலா பராமரிப்பு ப்லஸ் ப்ராஜெக்ட் , திறந்த தகவல்கள் கிட் , டக்கர் லெவிஸ் குறியீட்டு ,