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Even today the flag of modern israel, founded 3,000 years after his reign, bears the symbol known as the star of david. and jerusalem is the place he chose as his capital, making it not only a holy city but a political one too. there's evidence that king david really lived. just 20 years ago in northern israel archaeologists discovered a kind of ancient royal archive called a stila. >> and it mentions a house, or dynasty of david. and the reading is clear. it also mentions an entity, a state-like entity called israel. >> reporter: it may seem like a small thing, but it's an important discovery...

After his reign, bears the symbol known as the star of david. and jerusalem is the place he chose as his capital, making it not only a holy city but a political one too. there's evidence that king david really lived. just 20 years ago in northern israel archaeologists discovered a kind of ancient royal archive called a stila. >> and it mentions a house, or dynasty of david. and the reading is clear. it also mentions an entity, a state-like entity called israel. >> reporter: it may seem like a small thing, but it's an important discovery. it makes david the earliest biblical figure whom we can ...

And nearby we met betsy bryan, an american archaeologist who's unearthing clues about this place and its people. >> all the digging that's gone on for the last several hundred years, has that enabled us to reach a conclusion about history, about even the biblical stories? >> well, i think that there's always a new conclusion. you know, the conclusions keep changing, and people's ideas keep changing as a result of archaeology and historical study. >> so there are always surprises. >> there are always surprises. >> reporter: and that's exactly what bryan and her team have been finding. amidst th...

>> but we say at the end of the seder is "next year in jerusalem." jerusalem is more than a place. you know, jerusalem is an idea. jerusalem is an ideal place where there are no slaves, where everybody has freedom. >> does that mean the exodus continues, we never leave egypt, so to speak? >> or even if we're lucky enough to have left egypt, has everybody left egypt? one of the great ironies of celebrating a seder now is our thoughts are often with egyptians and their struggles. ♪ >> when they were marching in tahrir square, what was great was here was freedom that was born in the soil that h...

>> reporter: akhenaten was the pharaoh who built this city and his revolutionary ideas about just one god shook ancient egypt to its core. >> how are you? i'm christiane. >> i'm rahwiya. >> that's a nice name. what does it mean? >> it's a classic arabic name. it means storyteller. >> you're aptly named for us. >> an egyptologist from cairo who spent years studying the ruins of amana. she says when akhenaten gave up the comfort of his palaces along the fertile nile delta and moved to this desolate place it was an act of devotion to his one god. >> why did he come here? what kind of an outlier w...