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This French chart of the Arabian Gulf dating from 1775 shows the coasts of the present-day countries of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates and the coast of northern Oman, and in the northwest, coastal parts of Kuwait, Iran, and Iraq. An inset chart shows the islands of Karak and Korgo and Bundereek Bay (present-day Kharg, Kharku, and Bandar-e Rig). The map has latitude markings, rhumb lines, and soundings near coasts, particularly in the northern, well-explored part of the Gulf. The southern part of the Gulf, including Qatar is mostly featureless and undefined as the note placed there m...

This photograph is from a collection of 65 projectable lantern slides relating to the Arab Revolt of 1916-18, an important theater of operations during World War I. By supporting the revolt against Ottoman Rule, the British sought to weaken the Ottoman Empire, which was aligned with Germany and Austria-Hungary. For their part, the Arabs hoped to secure independence and create a unified empire embracing the region from Aleppo, Syria to Aden, Yemen. The photographs depict many of the protagonists in this political and military struggle, including Colonel T.E. Lawrence of the British army and the...

This French chart of the Arabian Gulf dating from 1775 shows the coasts of the present-day countries of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates and the coast of northern Oman, and in the northwest, coastal parts of Kuwait, Iran, and Iraq. An inset chart shows the islands of Karak and Korgo and Bundereek Bay (present-day Kharg, Kharku, and Bandar-e Rig). The map has latitude markings, rhumb lines, and soundings near coasts, particularly in the northern, well-explored part of the Gulf. The southern part of the Gulf, including Qatar is mostly featureless and undefined as the note placed there m...

This map of the Persian Gulf is by the French cartographer Jacques-Nicolas Bellin (1703-72). Qatar is shown as Catura. Cities on both the Arabian and Persian sides of the gulf are indicated, and the map shows a river emptying into the gulf at the port of Julfar (present-day Ra's al-Khaymah, United Arab Emirates). The scale is in common leagues, and there are no latitudinal or longitudinal lines. Trained as a hydrographer, Bellin was attached to the French Marine Office and specialized in producing maritime maps showing coastlines. His maps were in the tradition of Nicolas Sanson (1600--166...

This 1740 map is by the French cartographer and hydrographer Jacques-Nicolas Bellin (1703-72). It was published by order of Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, Count de Maurepas (1701-81), secretary of state under King Louis XV. The map focuses exclusively on the coastlines, and provides no detail about the interior of the Arabian Peninsula. It shows pearl banks along the coast from Bahrain to Julfar. Qatar is noted ("Katara"), but the peninsula that it occupies is not accurately drawn. Kuwait is not shown, but the island of "Peleche" is indicated. The Red Sea is indicated as M...