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French cartographer Guillaume de L'Isle (1675-1726) was admitted into the Royal Academy of Sciences when he was 27 years old and subsequently became the first person to receive the title Premier Géographe du Roi (principal geographer to the king). He was one of the most important cartographers of the early 18th century and a major figure in making Paris a center of cartographic science. At the time de L'Isle was engaged in cartographic research, the prestige of a cartographer and the authority of his maps were generally gauged by the veracity of his sources, which were based on repor...

This print showing a battle scene with combat in the foreground and explosions in the background is from the collection of World War I lubok posters held at the British Library. The caption explains: "On August 21, at 11:00 a.m., the victorious army of General Nikolai Ruzsky captured L'viv, the capital of Galicia [in present-day Ukraine]. The capture of the city was preceded by eight days of incessant battles, during which we took 4,000 Austrian prisoners, a few banners, machine guns, and 150 weapons. General Ruzsky had already been awarded the Saint George's Cross of the 4th Clas...

This watercolor by Henry Price (1819--63) shows campesinos with their horses, in the foreground, at a small village in the Andean highlands Province of Mariquita (present-day Tolima Department, Colombia), about 130 kilometers northwest of Bogotá. In the distance at left is the Nevado del Tolima, an active volcano. To the right is another volcano, the Mesa de Herveo (also called Nevado del Ruiz). Price was a British painter and musician who was one of the draftsmen of the Comisión Corográfica (Chorographic Commission), a body tasked with studying the geography, natural resources, natural ...

At the time of the First World War, the children's book Struwwelpeter (Shock-headed Peter) was a familiar nursery classic in both Germany and Britain. In this British wartime parody, the original cautionary tales of naughty children and their fates are all turned against Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany. The "shock-headed Peter" of the title poem becomes "swollen-headed William," while "fidgety Phil," whose dinnertime antics knock over the table and ruin the food, becomes "fidgety Will," who destroys his country's prosperity. The last poem departs more ...

This map, published in Rome in 1927, shows the locations of the Franciscan missions around the world in 1926. Each mission is marked on the map, and a numbered key is used to provide the name and area of geographic responsibility of the mission. Symbols indicate the type of mission and the rank of its leading prelate. The areas of historical mission activity are shown by shading. The map is in Italian, with the title banner in Latin: In omnem terram exivit sonvs eorum et in fines orbis terrae verba eorum (Their sound spreads in every land and their words reach every border of the earth). The l...