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Japan's Himawari-8 weather satellite serendipitously captured the dramatic changes in brightness of Orion's red supergiant star in 2019-2020.

Chance observations from a Japanese satellite that is actually designed to monitor weather on Earth show the so-called Great Dimming was caused by a combination of cooling and dust condensing nearby.

NEWS JIJI PRESS

Scientists take the temperature of red supergiants By (0) A red supergiant, the most voluminous stars in the cosmos, appears as a bright red starburst just beneath the two orange clouds. Photo by Andrew Klinger March 1 (UPI) -- Astronomers have developed a new technique for accurately measuring the surface temperature of red supergiants, voluminous stars that end their lives in supernova explosions. Advertisement Though the end stage of a red supergiant's life is well-documented, the lifecycle stages that proceed it aren't well understood -- part of the problem is that astronomers can't eas...

Credit: © 2021 Andrew Klinger Red supergiants are a class of star that end their lives in supernova explosions. Their lifecycles are not fully understood, partly due to difficulties in measuring their temperatures. For the first time, astronomers develop an accurate method to determine the surface temperatures of red supergiants. Stars come in a wide range of sizes, masses and compositions. Our sun is considered a relatively small specimen, especially when compared to something like Betelgeuse which is known as a red supergiant. Red supergiants are stars over nine times the mass of our sun, ...