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33 Years After the Anfal Campaign, Iraq’s Kurds are Still Vulnerable
The Peshmerga force which was established to emancipate the Kurds cannot guarantee their existence let alone their freedom.
In 1988, the Baathist regime of Iraq subjected more than a quarter of the Iraqi Kurds to one of the worst crimes of the last century. In the so-called Anfal campaign more than 182,000 people were buried alive, sold, or disappeared. Acquaintances of the victims are still living with the hope that their relatives will one day come back.
Iraqi Kurds are still vulnerable. The Kurdish-Yazidigenocide of 2014 is a conspicuous case. Currently, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) is more divided and weakened than ever before. The KRI maintains a massive security service but is unable to protect its populationandterritory. The Peshmerga forces were initially organized in 1943 By Mustafa Barzani to secure Kurdish rights in Iraq. However, Barzani fled Iraq, crossed the border to Iran, and pledged allegiance to defend the newly established Republic of Mahabad and preserve its freedom. The republic fell and its president Qazi Muhammad was executed in public. Similarly, the KRI’s Peshmerga failed to save the Iraqi Kurds and large swathes of its territory. In other words, when military security is in ruins, it renders the rest of the security services redundant.

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