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Centrifugal multispun nanofibers put a new spin on COVID-19 masks

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IMAGE: Figure. (A) Schematic illustration of the centrifugal multispinning polymer nanofiber production process. (B) The polymer nanofibers spun by the system. The increase of the number of sub-disk shows the proportional...
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Credit: Professor Do Hyun Kim, KAIST
KAIST researchers have developed a novel nanofiber production technique called 'centrifugal multispinning' that will open the door for the safe and cost-effective mass production of high-performance polymer nanofibers. This new technique, which has shown up to a 300 times higher nanofiber production rate per hour than that of the conventional electrospinning method, has many potential applications including the development of face mask filters for coronavirus protection.

South-korea , Korea , Byeong-eun-kwak , Eungjun-lee , Hyun-kim , Hyo-jeong-yoo , Global-singularity-research-program , Ministry-of-food , Department-of-chemical , Professor-do-hyun-kim , Biomolecular-engineering , Drug-safety

Lighting the way to folding next-level origami

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IMAGE: Using EMBL Hamburg's world-class beamline P12 at DESY's PETRA III synchrotron, researchers directed powerful X-ray beams at artificial proteins called coiled-coil origami proteins.
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Credit: Credit: Fabio Lapenta / National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Origami may sound more like art than science, but a complex folding pathway that proteins use to determine their shape has been harnessed by molecular biologists, enabling them to build some of the most complex synthetic protein nanostructures to date.
Using EMBL Hamburg's world-class beamline P12 at DESY's PETRA III synchrotron, a team of Slovenian researchers, in collaboration with EMBL's Svergun group, directed powerful X-ray beams at artificial proteins called coiled-coil origami. The proteins were designed to fold into a particular shape based on short modules that interact in pairs. By determining their molecular structure at the EMBL beamline, the researchers confirmed that the proteins folded into the desired shape and then studied the self-assembly process step by step. These findings advance understanding of how synthetic origami-like protein folding could potentially convey therapeutics, making it possible to more precisely target medication, minimising side-effects and maximising effectiveness.

Ljubljana , Slovenia-general , Slovenia , Hamburg , Germany , Slovenian , Fabio-lapenta , Roman-jerala , Dmitri-svergun , National-institute-of-chemistry , Nature-communications , National-institute

New 'quantum' approach helps solve an old problem in materials science

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IMAGE: In this figure, the hopping amplitude and existence of possible pathways for atomic migrations [panel (a)] can be identified at the microscopic level. But it is not easy to count...
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Credit: Ryo Maezono from JAIST
Ishikawa, Japan - One of the most important classes of problems that all scientists and mathematicians aspire to solve, due to their relevance in both science and real life, are optimization problems. From esoteric computer science puzzles to the more realistic problems of vehicle routing, investment portfolio design, and digital marketing--at the heart of it all lies an optimization problem that needs to be solved.

Ibaraki , Osaka , Japan , Tokyo , Kenta-hongo , Ryo-maezono , Kousuke-nakano , Keishu-utimula , University-of-tokyo , National-institute-for-materials-science , Japan-advanced-institute-of-science , Japan-advanced-institute

DNA methylation from bacteria & mircobiome using nanopore technology discovered

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IMAGE: Gang Fang, PhD, Associate Professor, Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
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Credit: Mount Sinai Health System
Journal Name:
Nature Methods
Title of the Article: Discovering multiple types of DNA methylation from individual bacteria and microbiome using nanopore sequencing
Corresponding Author: Gang Fang, PhD
Bottom Line:
Bacterial DNA methylation occurs at diverse sequence contexts and plays important functional roles in cellular defense and gene regulation. An increasing number of studies have reported that bacterial DNA methylation has important roles affecting clinically relevant phenotypes such as virulence, host colonization, sporulation, biofilm formation, among others.

Elizabeth-dowling , Why-the-research-is-interesting , Public-affairs , Journal-name , Gang-fang , Research-is-interesting , Mount-sinai , Biology , Bacteriology , Biotechnology , Cell-biology , Genetics

A new, positive approach could be the key to next-generation, transparent electronics

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Credit: RMIT University
A new study, out this week, could pave the way to revolutionary, transparent electronics.
Such see-through devices could potentially be integrated in glass, in flexible displays and in smart contact lenses, bringing to life futuristic devices that seem like the product of science fiction.
For several decades, researchers have sought a new class of electronics based on semiconducting oxides, whose optical transparency could enable these fully-transparent electronics.
Oxide-based devices could also find use in power electronics and communication technology, reducing the carbon footprint of our utility networks.
A RMIT-led team has now introduced ultrathin beta-tellurite to the two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting material family, providing an answer to this decades-long search for a high mobility p-type oxide.

Australia , Melbourne , Victoria , Australian , Torben-daeneke , Kourosh-kalantar-zadeh , Patjaree-aukarasereenont , Ali-zavabeti , University-micronano-research-facility , Deakin-university , University-of-melbourne , University-microscopy

Unique mini-microscope provides insight into complex brain functions

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VIDEO: Researchers at the University of Minnesota College of Science and Engineering used a unique mini-microscope device to image complex brain activity of mice that show multiple areas of the brain...
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Credit: Rynes and Surinach, et al., Kodandaramaiah Lab, University of Minnesota
Researchers from the University of Minnesota Twin Cities College of Science and Engineering and Medical School have developed a unique head-mounted mini-microscope device that allows them to image complex brain functions of freely moving mice in real time over a period of more than 300 days.
The device, known as the mini-MScope, offers an important new tool for studying how neural activity from multiple regions of the outer part of the brain, called the cortex, contribute to behavior, cognition and perception. The groundbreaking study provides new insight into fundamental research that could improve human brain conditions such as concussions, autism, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease, as well as better understanding the brain's role in addiction.

Minnesota , United-states , Canada , University-of-minnesota , State-of-minnesota , Mathew-rynes , Vijay-rajendran , Gregoryw-johnson , Suhasa-kodandaramaiah , Judith-dominguez , Zahras-navabi , Leila-ghanbari

UMass Amherst team discovers use of elasticity to position microplates on curved 2D fluids

Credit: Weiyue Xin of Santore lab.
AMHERST, Mass. - A team of polymer science and engineering researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst has demonstrated for the first time that the positions of tiny, flat, solid objects integrated in nanometrically thin membranes - resembling those of biological cells - can be controlled by mechanically varying the elastic forces in the membrane itself. This research milestone is a significant step toward the goal of creating ultrathin flexible materials that self-organize and respond immediately to mechanical force.
The team has discovered that rigid solid plates in biomimetic fluid membranes experience interactions that are qualitatively different from those of biological components in cell membranes. In cell membranes, fluid domains or adherent viruses experience either attractions or repulsions, but not both, says Weiyue Xin, lead author of the paper detailing the research, which recently appeared in

Maria-santore , Weiyue-xin , National-institutes-of-health-trainee-fellowship , University-of-massachusetts-amherst , Santore-lab , Us-department-of-energy , Massachusetts-amherst , National-institutes , Health-trainee , Biotechnology , Cell-biology , Chemistry-physics-materials-sciences

Smart glass has a bright future

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IMAGE: SEM micrograph of vertically standing, flat micromirror array with an inset of magnified area. Credit: Hillmer et al.
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Credit: Hillmer et al.
Buildings are responsible for 40 percent of primary energy consumption and 36 percent of total CO2 emissions. And, as we know, CO2 emissions trigger global warming, sea level rise, and profound changes in ocean ecosystems. Substituting the inefficient glazing areas of buildings with energy efficient smart glazing windows has great potential to decrease energy consumption for lighting and temperature control.
Harmut Hillmer et al. of the University of Kassel in Germany demonstrate that potential in "MOEMS micromirror arrays in smart windows for daylight steering," a paper published recently in the inaugural issue of the

Germany , Andreas-tatzel , Sapida-akhundzada , Harmut-hillmer , Muhammad-kamrul-hasan , Basim-al-qargholi , University-of-kassel , Mustaqim-siddi-que-iskhandar , Chemistry-physics-materials-sciences , Energy-fuel-non-petroleum , Industrial-engineering-chemistry , Materials

Cohesive circuit protection for wearable electronics

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IMAGE: Water is detrimental to electronic devices because it easily causes short circuits and accidents, such as overheating/ignition. By coating electronic circuits with cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), it is possible to prevent...
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Credit: Osaka University
Osaka, Japan - Most electronic devices aren't waterproof, much to your irritation if a sprinkler suddenly sprays you while you're talking outside on your cellphone. Some electronics can be made at least water-resistant by, for example, using special glues to fuse outer components together. Flexible electronics are another story. Their sealant materials must be able to bend, yet with current technology it's inevitable that eventually such a sealant will crack or separate from the device--and there goes your water-resistant coating.

Osaka , Japan , Masaya-nogi , Takaaki-kasuga , Osaka-university , Nano-materials , Chemistry-physics-materials-sciences , Materials , Polymer-chemistry , Nanotechnology-micromachines , ஒசகக

From dinner to sustainable electronics, the surprising versatility of crabs

Osaka University researchers have developed 3D porous nanocarbon materials through the pyrolysis of chitin nanofiber papers derived from crab shells. The properties of the pyrolyzed chitin nanofiber papers could be controlled using the pyrolysis temperature, and the materials were successfully used as photosensors, as well as supercapacitor electrodes for energy storage. It is hoped that the high performance achieved using the renewable raw material will highlight the viability of sustainable electronics.

Osaka , Japan , Hirotaka-koga , Osaka-university , Materials-chemistry , Chemistry-physics-materials-sciences , Energy-fuel-non-petroleum , Materials , Superconductors-semiconductors , Polymer-chemistry , Biomedical-environmental-chemical-engineering