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Really ancient sense of being appointed by god, and protecting god's chosen city. >> he builds a massive retaining wall around the temple, fills it in so that there is a platform so 100,000 people can come in and celebrate around the temple. and then, he doubles the size of the temple. >> with colossal stone. some of them are so enormous, they are 200 tons in size. >> when you look at the western wall, you're seeing a tiny fragment of the retaining wall. the temple walls went up 60 feet, 80 feet higher. that is what herod builds. >> he created the jerusalem we know today, which we call the tem...

Choreographed the actual events were. >> britain's romantic culture of the 19th century had made a great deal about the crusading tradition. and you'll see it in certain of the propaganda posters, that a ghostly figure of a crusader looms in the sky behind british soldiers in the judean hills. >> so the fall of jerusalem is playing really well in western capitals because, you know, this is -- finally after 700 years, the crusades have won. >> and the british media tried also to present it as such. so as allenby was advancing to jerusalem and he took the city, there were constant daily reports ...

A windsor. >> so, he marries in to the hasmonean dynasty and she knows that herod is only marrying her for political purposes but she also fears that he is going to begin getting rid of her relatives. killing all hasmonean heirs to the jewish throne. and he's got so many roman troops with him that this shouldn't be that difficult. >> with 40,000 roman soldiers under his command, herod sets his sights on jerusalem. intent on forcing the jewish people to accept him as their king.

Meanwhile, general allenby continues towards jerusalem. but when his entire force encounters a brutal winter storm, they're stopped in their tracks. >> people recognized that the winter conditions in the judean hills and southern syria can be very, very tricky so that sudden, like, hailstorms, flash floods, snow even can hold up modern motor transport, a modern army very easily. >> so the germans are in jerusalem. the british are just outside, ready to take the city, and there's this massive storm. and you can't see what's going on, and they have to wait this storm out before the british begin...

He's got so many german troops with him that this shouldn't be that difficult. but he has no idea how the british are going to attack. >> what allenby does, rather than just smash up against the wall like happened twice before in gaza, he's going to go inland. >> he executed this brilliant -- that is still studied in military academies where he outflanked the ottomans and within weeks marched on jerusalem. >> djemal pasha, of course, was in overall command of the battle front. >> so the germans say to djemal pasha, look, you're out. and djemal pasha says, no, this is my army, this is my land. ...