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To control the holy land. >> the main case of the arabs is against the british government policy in palestine. >> we are the only people in the world homeless and stateless. >> for israelis, the creation of the state of israel is seen as a miracle. and of course for the palestinians, it's a great disaster. >> the history of jerusalem, a very complicated story. and if you don't know it in its complexity, it's very hard to understand what's going on there today. >> the past is never dead. and if there is a city in the world to which that applies, it's jerusalem. ♪

Which includes jerusalem. >> the problem is, is that she can't go to herod's buddy, her lover, mark antony, and ask him to give her herod's holdings. so who does she turn to? who else hates herod the great? the hasmoneans. >> so cleopatra enters into a conspiracy to overthrow herod with his own wife, mariamne, the woman who witnessed his soldiers topple her family's legacy. >> herod the great loves mariamne, but she's actively plotting against him. and behind it all is cleopatra.

Hasmoneans, a revered jewish dynasty. >> the hasmonean dynasty was the jewish dynasty that was established by a group of jewish conservative rebels that overthrew greek rule in jerusalem and in israel. >> that revolt in 167 b.c. is commemorated by the modern jewish holiday of hanukkah. over the course of time, the hasmoneans expanded the size of their kingdom by conquering other peoples around them who are not jewish. >> they ruled a big kingdom for about 150 years. >> but now the hasmoneans are faced with a new enemy, one backed by the full might of the roman empire. a native of palestine who...

Octavian. maybe everything would be better when he gets home. but that's certainly not the case. because when he gets back to jerusalem, everything is all the worse.

Israel, and they all kind of meet together. so if you want to take goods either east or west, jerusalem is an incredibly important place to be. >> but above all, jerusalem, of course, was part of judaea, and judaea had once been part of egypt back in the third century b.c. so cleopatra viewed the territory that herod had been given as her birth right. >> it was her job, her mission as the divinely ordained monarch of egypt to reunite and to re-annex the lost territories, which includes jerusalem. >> the problem is, is that she can't go to herod's buddy, her lover, mark antony, and ask him to g...