I. There were no problems with adaptation , i transferred to moscow in 1992, so there were no problems at all , they say that, well, it is believed that resuscitators are such forced cynics of a misanthrope, this a fair generalization, i think not, its more likely a protective mask, a reaction, because you cant die with every patient, but every time you ask the question whether youve done everything for yourself, these are two big differences, so its more likely to be cynicism, in general some medical jokes, this is still more of an illusion than the truth, after all, how do you live or cover up some medical failures for yourself, only with a detailed discussion, a mandatory team debriefing, guys, lets see where where what, where what, where . What is wrong where, but its not just us who do this, its generally done all over the world, theres a special one in every hospital, well, there we call it a subcommittee for the study of lethal outcomes, well there in the west its called mm, a commission on studying also fatal cases, this is the usual approach, you are an agnostic, an atheist, but why . I think, in fact, we probably need to return to the message of childhood, perhaps, perhaps, by the way, never say never, perhaps i will someday come to some religion, i dont know which one, but after all, historically, this has always been laid down since childhood, in my childhood i was taught completely different values , at school, the pioneers, the komsomol, atheism, in fact, i probably grew up with this until i came to this, and maybe i wont come , therefore, absolutely materialist and agnostic, yes, how else do you relax , how do you spend your weekend meeting with friends , i dont know, sometimes you manage to go to the cinema, very rarely to the theater, i think this is life, life is like everyone elses, communication with friends, family, parents, and how do you feel about novels . At your work, well, between colleagues, young doctors, generally encourage this, when they work in the same department and immediately get married. They give birth to children, it turns out that this is wonderful , family, continuation of work, work about, this is wonderful, because the way a young doctor lives is every day there from 7 to 5 at work, if you are on a daily schedule, a couple more once a week you stay overnight, that is, you leave for 32 hours, and it turns out that your society is your hospital. Your department and the number of relationships, marriages, uh, its in everyone hospitals, it seems to me, is quite large and i think its great, if it doesnt harm, that is, you want to marry a doctor, that you cant get into a hospital, just become a doctor, become a doctor, it turns out that way, by the way, youre in some kind of then suddenly you suddenly lost weight and it was clear that this was your task, that is, it wasnt just. i lost weight because there was a lot of work, but what was the motivation, what was the motivation . Was very simple, that it happened in medical terms, it was called obesity, and then everything is very simple, evidencebased medicine, you open, first second, third, i was in the third phase of making a decision, i accepted it, underwent treatment, lost weight, and how and how do you lose weight . Tell us what special diet or program you had there, no, no, im not hiding it, this is bariatrics, this is a surgical intervention, lets just clarify for the audience that boriatrics is a truncation. Yes, these are changes, not just truncation, there are now many types of interventions that shown in different situations, well, yes, this, the stomach becomes smaller, stomach shrinkage, and other techniques , you want to retire, well, such a good, healthy pension, active, no, for now, im working a little more, but based on my length of service i can already i want to leave, but for now i want to work, and if, god forbid, the same shock happens again, like a pandemic or some other misfortune, again these are temporary hospitals, again work 24, seven, in our team, i have only a few people in memories that are gone, on the contrary, everyone strived, everyone supported each other, uh, everyone was aware of the risk, uh, and i think that everything will be about the same, maybe only in a new story i wouldnt want the Media Exposure that i had, to be honest. Shut down and do your own thing, but go on vacation, where . Where, the coolest thrill of a motorcycle, do you know what . In what, where, that you sat down and where you want to go, well, i dont know, a couple of weeks ago we went to a conference in st. Petersburg on motorcycles with one of the anestheologists, resuscitators, in the Current Situation its generally very difficult to plan, but to sit down somewhere go sunset . Well then i can only wish you. Very cool, driving, beautiful, this straight line, just not at sunset, probably at sunrise, after all, because after any sunset there is a sunrise and you ve probably shown this many times in your life, friends, this was a podcast of the first persons , of course, the first person in such intensive medicine, in every sense of intensive medicine, doctor of medical sciences, hero of labor, anesthesiologist, resuscitator, doctor denis nikolaevich protsenko. And me, natalya losyeva. Hello, this is the einstein witness podcast. My name is natalya ryabchikova, i am a film historian together with my colleague stanislav didinsky, we talk about who and how created classic, famous, little known, soviet and russian films, and today we have a program that is not quite ordinary, not quite an ordinary podcast, because today we have a living person as a film archive, we will talk about the film its hard to be a god by alexei yuevich german and we will talk about it with leonid yarmolnik. Good evening, good evening, good evening. Our first question, of course, should not concern the film, we must approach it, we must talk, of course, i watched the most about alexei german and german s film, naturally, my friend ivan lapshin loves the picture the most, but theres a slight difference, check on the roads, i adore the picture, a little more difficult for me was the picture where yura starred and played the lead role, khrustalevs car, khrustalev s car, yes, but then, when we made the movie, it seemed to me that our film was even more complex from a point of view. For example, my wife, she adores hermans films, because she is an artist, she, i generally believe that he shot with documentary means feature film, for this he had special operators, fedosov, with whom he worked for many years, and not without my participation, Yuri Viktorovich klimenko joined this team, who shot almost, well, more than half of this picture, i understood something, there was something i didnt understand. We quarreled a lot because we had different views, well, as an actor who must experience doing something on camera, we had different ideas about how it was experienced, but was it soviet Science Fiction, or rather, were there soviet movies about space fantastic, yes, because even hermans film seems to be, on the one hand, it seems to be a fantastic story about how an earthling ends up on another planet, on the other hand, its absolutely everyday life. I ll tell you more, its again strugatsky, this is not another planet, this is us, this is what they knew everything about, and this is all not about the planet, but about people, so different, well, that is, there are people to whom civilization should be grateful , there are those freaks who are destroying this civilization, and naturally, as it was necessary to come up with the fact that this is a story several centuries before, it means that rumata ends up there, who seems to want to change the life of this planet, it doesnt work out, it doesnt work out not because he cant, but because he doesnt can change people, he cannot convince them and he also does not succeed in everything, and in general, oh , since we are already talking, i can tell you that it is my merit, for many years i persuaded herman that the film should still be called difficult to be god, and herman himself is a very jealous person, and naturally this is the history of the strugatskys, and this may be one of the best book titles that can be presented in world literature, he wanted to call it the history of the arkan massacre, well, that is, there were several options for what he said. Tobacconist from tobacco street from tobacco street, yes, yes, its good that the film was shot for 14 years, in 14 years he convinced him that , firstly, this is not only respect, and love for the strugatskys, its immediately clear what its about we are talking about such a brilliant work, the attention to this film is already different, to this title, lets maybe watch just the very beginning of a small fragment to also let the audience understand what we are talking about, this movie is not easy, i think. This is not the earth, this is another planet, the same as the earth, but not caught up by 800 years , there were several similar planets, it was closer to a smaller one, in addition, the gray castles here led to the idea of the beginning of a revival and three dozen scientists were thrown here, but there was no revival here , for something that almost never happened, well, yes, i wanted back to the question about actors, about how editing also gives us the opportunity, it doesnt allow you to see, see the acting, or not, if were talking about the beginning , the Science Fiction of space flight on the soviet screen, that is, it all started in silent cinema, even before soviet cinema, it was even small in greece. An attempt to change the world, then when tolstoy writes about the elite, and then partazanov makes a film adaptation , they also dont really talk about mars, they also talk about simply spreading revolutionary ideas as far as possible, and its impossible not to insert that same one there soviet life of the twenties, which then the audience is already interested, now historians are even more interested, but the critics didnt really like it, and it seemed that everything was somehow strangely combined, lets remember these wonderful words of adele, anta anta adele uta, anta adeli uta, exactly. Well, this is almost a game, this is fantasy, yes, but look how civilization is developing, if we, i dont know, in my lifetime, will still see aliens, since today we are talking about space one way or another, well , thats it there was a flight there korolev and ggagarin flew into space, i also flew into mine space, because herman became my queen, space is what we dream of in any profession, that is, what seems unattainable to us. There will come a time when we still succeed, we are getting closer to it, thats why, but this is space it s still such a universal metaphor, because if antali uta was such a call sign here, then the strugatskys generally used space themes, followed by herman, in order to express some ideas that were worried then in the sixties, and herman was worried then in the sixties and the eighties and when he had a second attempt to approach this topic, in fact. There was this phrase if the grays triumph, if the grays triumph, then the blacks come to power, in fact, this is for all times, for the entire civilization, if there are some distortions in history and we understand something that is being done wrong, then this is only a harbinger of what may happen next, well, the whole history of mankind is like this, and when the book came out, its hard to be with god, you read it then in those days, i read it, either in the eighth or in the ninth class, i can honestly tell you that i was not delighted, it was my mother who forced me to read the book, she and my father understood more about it, but i read it like a wizard from. Honestly, and many years passed when i i understood, in general, it made sense and, as it were, all the allegories and all the secrets, that is, i began to understand the strugatskys, because they are Science Fiction writers only because they managed to write about something that could not be directly written about, these books would not have been published, they would have been prohibited, so i wasnt the smartest as a schoolboy, already in my student years i already understood more, well, i can honestly tell you that some things i. Today, despite my age, because this work, its like, its in russian, but its not russian, its generally about human civilization, its what these two most talented authors wrote about all their lives, and without hesitation, i can say that in the sixties it was always in question whether they would publish a book or not, they are such inventors , they are Science Fiction writers who, well, its not because im now. I want to say, but uh, i i think that star wars and the mass of American Products on this topic arose due to the fact that there were strugat. Let me remind you that this is a podcast of witnesses from einstein, where we, film historians natalya ryabchikova and stanislav didinsky, talk about who and how created domestic films, both famous, popular, cult, and unknown or simply forgotten, unfortunately, today we have a podcast dedicated to the film its hard to be god, and we talk about it with leonid yarmolnik, well, that is, space has become like some form of scopism, and in some moment, yes, where the soviet intelligentsia avoided earthly problems with which it could do nothing, probably, perhaps, but in general some basic set of films about space, you had before, well, a reference, but today they call it before hermans work, and in general this topic has nothing to do with it, well, i repeat once again that the only thing that has to do with space is that for me it s an acting creative space, thats. With herman it was like a flight into space for me , you really want it, but you dont know anything and you dont understand anything and dont know what to do when you came to herman on the set, and who he suggested you to be, thats what the task was, there were some references anyway, if this is not space, then what is it, who are you . Earthly director, he is a very everyday director, he is very truthful, he has no problems, no beauty, and so on and so forth and rumata, he was sent there as a stranger. But the whole point of the whole work is that there on that planet with strangers he became one of his own, and those earthlings became strangers which i am still for those who are watching us now, listening to us, and the most important change is that in the book rumata returns to earth, but in germans case rumata remains on that planet because he doesnt want to. To the ground to his colleagues and to what is going on there, this is an incredible philosophy and incredible heroism, and boris allowed this to be done, he allowed herman to dispose of the book freely, that is, you know how it happens, as if based on motives, but this is not based on motives , but he changed the ending, which may be the meaning of that herman did in this film, and what i tried to embody, you cant imagine how envious everyone was of me when i was filming with herman, my. Colleagues are quite famous artists, i just remembered that we filmed in the same pavilion at linfilm , in another pavilion bortko was filming an idiot, and vova moshkov, every time we crossed paths, we went to our dirty pavilion, which means they went to dostoevsky, and vova, playing ragozhin, he threw away his sheepskin coat and knelt down , walked towards him, german said alexey, why ermmolnik, why ermmolnik, let me at least voice it, but it was a joke, in which there was only a grain of joke , because everyone envied me, what can i say, i envied myself, and despite the fact that it was long, difficult, im all im going to ask peresilt how much this whole suit weighed, well, theyre probably lighter now, they were probably heavier before , what also connects me with space is that i have the whole rumata suit, it weighed 20. 8 kg, everything wasnt made of plastic, everything natural, metallic, and alekseyovich also liked to pour water in front of the frame, and this it became about 40 kilograms, at the same time he asked me to jump. Into the saddle of the horse, he somehow connected, i say this with love, he somehow connected with these kind of middle ages, yes, there were saddles on horses with a back in those days, i have these spurs in the front, in the back, it all weighs almost 40 kg, the whole suit and he wanted me to fly into it like a cowboy, not at all , not at all, well, become a slave or put up a ladder and the man climbed up and sat down, we spent several days. i mean, still all the time the cars are being watered, as if it was raining, and i cant say it on air, like skolskaya, so i kept slipping, slipping, i couldnt do it, just at that time Yuri Viktorovich klimenko was filming terribly, every time i i accelerated to jump there, he turned away from the camera, so the czech stuntmen also turned away from the camera, but i still achieved my goal, i shook my leg so that i flew over the horse to the other side. But by the way, you werent always there in heavy armor, and when you spoke, that rumata remains in the end, we understand this approximately , well, subconsciously, when we first see him on the screen, this moment when you wake up, Start Playing jazz, well, this is how it was filmed, how its all built, its clear that this person is already there inside, so we have these fragments, this is one of my favorite scenes and then ill show off, if . You want, the fact is that what any normal person sounds there, a caravan, this too, i fought for this for many years, to overcome it, rearranged so that there was a caravan, for me this is some kind of eternal music that connects times and seasons, it becomes a motive, lets see, thank you, again, what . If we return to the moment when the strugatskys idea is born, this earthling somewhere out there in space, to what extent is this really the feeling of the, i dont know, writers themselves, to what extent is it. Herman as a director, that we are somewhere here, and we seem to live in this world, but in reality we are playing a caravan, we are somewhere, maybe, with our heads we would like to be somewhere at the same time yet, and we are torn, as far as it seems to you, such a thought was present, well, probably, but this is natural, because with us anyway, when we want to convey something and for something to happen, then it comes not even from one. Period of time, but in general, this could be what we were told about, this could be what we dream about, this could be what we experienced, and in order to explain the essence, in this case, on the basis of this literary work, we connect everything absolutely, but since this is a movie, sooner or later it must to be shown to the viewer, you are still looking for the key that not only you will understand, but the viewer will feel and read it, will see, in our opinion, herman, and, in fact, the plows themselves. We felt perhaps a little misunderstood by readers and viewers, because german is a very complex director, and in order to understand the philosophy and context of the strugatskys work, well, in general, you need to read all of them, well, most of them, in order to understand the idea of progressorism, which, in fact, is roughly speaking, you need to learn to understand their language, of course, and how if they were very specific authors, when you read several works of the strugatskys, they were all written by another, but its like you have to have an internal adapter, a translator, when i read this as a schoolboy, for me it was one language, and then after 1520 years, it was a completely different language, and you said before we started recording that during the filming you wanted to bring a film, more action, so to speak, but to slightly reduce the level of mumbling through the horse, this is this , this is nothing yet, no, i really and we argued i wanted it to be filmed, to have action. Its not even because i wanted to show off there, as if yes, with stuntmen , so that it would be beautiful, artists are always greedy for this, this action, it would decorate this picture and attract maybe. More young people, to watch this, it didnt matter to herman, it was important for him that there were mountains of corpses, and the process of how it all became corpses interested him less, it was impossible to fight beautifully, it was possible to fight like, well, in todays language, how can people fight two drunks in a gateway or there, in entrance, everything should be so dirty and clumsy, because in fact , in life, this is how everything always happens, in the movies. Very often he does decorations, people fly, this, but this, of course, these are all bruce lee, yes, thats when one blow is enough for a person to die, and then this fight goes on for 15 minutes, its already a kind of choreography, yes choreography, yes they beat, beat, that s all, i remember how much i loved watching it, but in there is no truth to this, but there is action that people want to watch and enjoy, but didnt they have you have such disputes with herman, well, lets think about the viewer , maybe something will be incomprehensible to him, lets make the characters speech more clear, well, as if the actors lines were accurate, was there such a moment when you thought did he think about the audience at all, did the audience even think about how this film was received honestly in the end, well, today i can say, herman also said such a phrase, he was probably exaggerating, but i believed him , he says until i dream about the scenes, i cant film it, we rehearsed for weeks, sometimes for months, because we filmed for a very long time because of this. Endlessly, he was irritated, he, he really, the most complex process was how he came to the moment of shooting and what he liked, if he didnt like something, he could have 300350 people on the set, even helicopters and more something, and if he wasnt ready to shoot today, he could find fault, call katya shabkaets , a brilliant artist so far, and say, this is some kind of extra somewhere in the twentyfifth row, he says, where did you get these shitty buttons . I found fault with these buttons arranged, he said, thats it, i wont shoot, he left, but over the years i realized that this is not a matter of buttons, but the fact is that he has not yet decided how to shoot the scene, it is very similar, by the way, to work fillini, he said in an interview at the beginning of filming that for him filini is the main director, if you combine all this, it turns out very logically, of course, 8 c2, impossible, i heard from herman at the wrong time, but its true, to entertain now, he, he had no complexes and when we talked about something so global about cinema, he says well, you, you watched filinev s films, they say, these are these long shots, when they are long, when they are long, long, long, i dont even know anymore, thats what he says, i even i dont know who came up with federiks idea or me, this was it, that is, he appropriated it like this, because of course, at first federik had it. We shot all the pieces in very long pieces, a can of film went per frame , yes, we need to remind you that they started filming at the beginning of 2000, this is still a film movie, a movie i ill tell you more that even today if you want to make an expensive real movie , its still on film, we shot on the most expensive japanese film, black and white, in my opinion, even the film s laboratory for developing film was closed, in general its not even very clear , where it would now be possible to manifest it, as if like now. Well, something worked, it all worked out, im so pleased that you decided to talk about it, i dont know how many new viewers will appear who will want to watch the film, but i can immediately say that reading a good book watching a good movie is work, and those people who know how and love to do it, they are smart, because the modern way of communicating information, it is so facilitated, it all crackles and crackles all the time, and i am convinced that in this chatter, people dont understand everything and dont feel everything, well, they started filming the film in the late nineties, they filmed for about 78 years, we filmed for almost 6 and a half or 7 years, then there was a long break, then there was the sound too, the sound too for some time it lasted for years, this never happens, well, herman again, we are already today were talking about this, i dont know how much we need to talk about it, when herman was making a movie, he was the most. For him, the person was a sound engineer with this fishing rod and he didnt listen to the sound at all, he always only looked at the picture , this means video control, we the text was pronounced, so he drove all the time so that nothing would interfere with these microphones and so he made a movie, and when the dubbing began, he did not look at the screen in the tone studio, he lay on the sofa, turned to the wall, listening only to what he had, well, in any case it was the way i pronounce it, and he didnt understand it in any way, like it happens at the movies, you have to get there. Lips, you have to get into some kind of gesticulation, and he came up with something he would like to combine with the screen this is impossible, sometimes some kind of uh, i already. I put everything away, everything, he says, lenechka, i beg you, try to blow your nose at this time, and you physically understand this, yes, well, he doesnt have time, well , i really like you, he asked me like a child, and you will laugh, sometimes this it turned out impossible, so he consisted of two, he first took a picture, then he made a sound, then it was all combined, and if you look at the chronology that is now being published of the film, the rough editing seems to have been completed in 13, but several years passed, only then did the premiere take place after hermans death in 13, we already showed the picture at the rome film festival, alekseyevich died earlier, and the picture was finished naturally, mainly by sveta kormalita, the widow, some kind of assistance, naturally, svet called little lyosha, as i say, he also participated, helped his mother. Then through for some time lyosha, little lyosha, had the feeling that he, too, was making this quartina, here we conflicted with him a little, but it had already been done well, i can honestly tell you that well, 9095 of what was done was made back under herman, they just worked in a different rhythm, not because they are so slow, but because they are so thorough, and how the film was received at the rome festival then, what was the reaction from people, it was wonderful, they watched it wonderfully when we drove painting to paris, this painting i repeat once again, it is difficult for perception, shes probably like this, well, i dont want to offend, it wasnt a lot of people who left, a lot of people left, like what happened with the film khrustalev the car in cannes . No, no, at those shows that i was at, i didnt leave, some viewer came who understood that he was coming to see and who . Naturally, the films fate seemed to be in vain, but the picture made it in, so who else will remind you, im only a participant in the events, the picture was included in the 100 best films in the world since the time of the lumieres, thats why its there, maybe my grandchildren will remember about it, that grandfather was filming, but the paintings have absolutely their own destiny, but im happy that i have this job, ill show off, now ill say, well, im in a good team in this. Team nikulin, mironov, and how german himself generally felt about his directorial destiny, he often said in an interview that for him, khrustalevs failure in canary was an absolute surprise, but he was a person who was, as it were, prepared by the soviet career growth, lets say, yes, one film was closed, the second was closed, so its maturing, there are so many then yo, hes ready in principle and takes a long time to shoot. Ah, but looking back, lets say, at the time of filming, a long one, at the time of dubbing for an equally long one, at his career, as far as he felt, i dont know, an unrecognized director, a deprived director, a director, really not for everyone, or hes like torkovsky believed that his viewer was a mass viewer, how would he react there to peoples reaction to already completed , alekseyevich did not have these complexes, we have already touched on what worries his viewers no, no, he actually made a movie that those people who understand, who taste, whom he trusts should have looked, and who will join this , he didnt care, he was filming, we already talked about this slowly and carefully, because he and he existed in conflict, with anyone, if i say so boldly, he could be in conflict with linfilm, he could be in conflict with the regional committee, he could be in conflict with the kremlin, and this is what made him german, this charged him, but there is a second person in my life, i kind of did too, when i worked in theater girls after the shukin school, Yuri Petrovich lyubimov was like that, as soon as nothing was allowed, they interfered, so. Then he was the most powerful, the most, these are people, this, this is something from the soviet union, this is something , the more they prohibit, the more talented people