Using, well, that is, with a hint of taboo vocabulary, when a person violates a taboo, he experiences stress in order to minimize this stress, but at the same time, as if to hint that we mean some forbidden words, we use euphemisms, there are also many such euphemisms in the russian language related to social vocabulary, well, there are a million of them , damn classic, damn classic, its interesting, by the way, what modern youth dont see. Connections between a phonetically close word and the interjection damn, which they use widely. Maxim krongaus in his book, the famous book russian language on the edge nervous breakdown in the First Edition he wrote that he really didnt like the use of euphemisms, especially this one, and he made it a fate that he would not communicate with girls who use the interjection damn in their speech, but by some edition. He understood , that, as he said, you can be left without girls, because this is, of course, all common, but correctly, i understand that the word bear, in a sense, is similar to the word damn in its origin, this is also an ephimism of something something forbidden, absolutely true, yes, its interesting with a bear, its bitter for linguists history, because in the slavic languages the original name of this animal is lost, we do not know what our ancestors called it, and we will not know, and we will not know anymore. There are different hypotheses, one of the hypotheses, for example , that the bear was called a beech, hence the Horror Stories about beech and the wonderful word bug, like a little bear, but if anyone saw a bug up close, they know that it is quite scary, and they replaced it with a euphemism, of course, the name itself dangerous animal on the one hand dangerous, on the other hand revered animal in slavic cultures, so as not to call him or call him again. The fear was so strong, the taboo on pronouncing this word was so strong that the word disappeared completely, that is, bear is not a native word, this bear is a replacement, but some original word that denoted this animal in the slavic word, which the one who cannot be named, absolutely right, and this was an animal that, well, lets say that it ate honey, but in fact the word damn the word bear are similar in their own way. In the sense that these are both words of euphemism, yes, that is, they replace another word, but for various reasons, if the bear was replaced because they were afraid of him, then the word damn replaces the shitty word, which is not customary to be used directly in society, well, you said that swearing is needed for expressions of strong emotions, i read somewhere a study just about the word damn, where st. Petersburg philologists analyzed the corpus of the spoken. Russian language, where the word damn was used many times, there was a wonderful text by cadets who discuss the stage directions, actively inserting the word damn, and their assessment is that damn its not even an emotion, its an acoustic gag, so that the speech sounds harmonious, you need to insert something, some word, well, theres an illusion that you need to insert some word so that the speech sounds harmoniously, as linguists call it, this is a filled pause of hisitation, when. He cannot construct a phrase harmoniously without these filling plugs, he gets used to inserting something there, and accordingly the words are lost. They also use some kind of plugs, just more harmonious, for example, due to a number of factors, then the person thinks about what to say to him and already pronounces some kind of thesis, well, you just used a sentence at the beginning, it turns out that, after all, he is also a parasite , by and large, well, if you take a very strict approach, thats the same, if you take a very strict approach too well, no, well, were still trying to build a phrase. Spontaneous oral speech in some way to give ourselves the opportunity to think, to construct it more or less appropriately, yes, that is, we do not have the opportunity to selfedit or selfedit during spontaneous oral speech, but when we we mechanically insert some semantically empty components that are already completely meaningless, this still indicates that we do not think about how the phrase will be constructed. Well, there are different , so to speak, ways of demonstrating speech culture, from the point of view of phonetics, from the point of view of beautiful sound, these words are needed, but no, of course, but whats beautiful here, have you ever heard, ive never heard , so that someone would beautifully construct some phrases to fill the pauses of hisitation, on the contrary , sometimes they turn out unplanned comic effects, there was an incident in my life , i met a young man roman, he worked as a driver in the office where i also worked, he suddenly came to my birthday, my mother took him into the room, poured him tea, sat, we talked, he ate a piece of cake, left and my mother asked in amazement, says mash, why is he talking, he seemed to be talking to me, but he was talking to me all the time. Wow, wow, my mother didnt understand that he wasnt talking mach, and another word, this is filling the pauses of hisitation, yes, these are the construction sentences with plugs, as you say , are common, but my mother didnt understand this word, and he cant speak any other way, we had such a wonderful case that illustrates very well how this happens, and there is no need for these plugs there is none. Rhythmic intervals that exist in a sentence. The difference between the use of euphemisms and noneuphemisms, i like to illustrate stories that happened back in my student days, when i didnt even think that i would become a linguist, my friends and i went to the pushkin mountains, we had an idea, that we will have a trip. Named after pushkin, we read only pushkin, went, naturally, to museums, looked at everything, excursions, and in the evenings we solved a crossword puzzle on the works of pushkin, and it so happened that there is such a collective clinch, a collective stupor, probably even a very simple question, the heroine poem by pushkin, ill say right away that it was lyudmila, a poem by ruslan lyudmila, but we all took them all in chorus to ruslan lyudmila in fairy tales and. Nothing helps, they didnt guess, looked at the answer, saw that it was lyudmila, everyone was very upset, but one of our comrades was especially upset, and he was sitting crosslegged, and when he heard that it was lyudmila, he began to be so demonstratively upset and wailing, he sits, says, damn it, damn it, precisely because of his insincerity, if you you control so much that you replace the abscense word with an ephimism, well, for me , some pipet seems especially disgusting, especially pronounced like that in a drawnout manner, if you understand that you are violating. A taboo, if you control yourself, what do you replace with other word, take another step, find another word to express this emotion of yours , which you are aware of, which you want to express, but if you dont control yourself, if you feel so bad or so good that speech happens, by the way, what you want is what you cant express it differently, tell me, they wont judge you, i m sure that its rare to find a russian, or like raisins in a bun, there shouldnt be too many of them, otherwise the bun will fall apart, everything should be appropriate, everything should be in moderation. Kut schudingers podcast is with you, and we are talking about russian mate, well, when you Start Talking about dirty language, its unpleasant to listen to, a teenager awakens in me who wants to violate this. I can give an episode from my school practice. We had a project competition, which actually seems like it. Yes, such words do not exist in the russian language, they cannot be pronounced, but children know that they exist, and children know that they are pronounced, then of course they stop believing us, its just not that they violate our prohibitions, they dont believe us, use these words because they know that we are deceiving them when we tell them we explain that such words exist, but they were made for this purpose, this tool, there is no need to hammer nails with a microscope, this tool was made. For another, yes, these words exist, yes, they were used here, here, here, here, thats it, they exist, but they were made for another, then children, it seems to me, will believe us more, as for teenagers, in principle for teenagers , breaking all the rules, im not even talking about prohibitions, the rules that exist in the adult world this is part of their growing up, okay, let them swear if they need to during this period they will talk like that, they will talk like that, i dont want. There are tenyearold children, well, for this to happen somehow later, but i have to tell you that i make a remark to teenagers when i hear swearing on the street. And not on the street, and i have never received an aggressive reaction in response, i simply explain that this is unpleasant, listen, if you need to talk like that, please talk quietly so that they dont hear you, they are embarrassed and understand and speak yes, yes, sorry, we dont we will. We must understand that language is a tool, very rich, very diverse, grandiose, with a huge number of elements, components, capabilities. Our task is to learn how to use this tool correctly, that is, in what situations, what can we say, there are situations life, when the nonuse, for example, of obsessive vocabulary is inappropriate, what is it like . Well, for example, in the army, in closed mens groups, in the army, if a person demonstratively does not use official vocabulary, he will create for himself problems, this may be a conscious choice, but you need to understand what is accepted there, right . And this is considered appropriate, if you violate internal laws, then this is your choice, which may entail some additional consequences, so everything has its place, about saving swearing, it may be worthwhile, in addition to prohibitive measures , to try more to understand similar means, well, for example, i was thinking now about emzy, because this is also a means of expressing emotions, there is a gigantic range from mild irritation to the strongest. Communication is written and, as it were, in real time, but which was not the case before , that is, correspondence was always postponed, so to speak , it was, that is, there was some distance between creation and receipt, now this distance seems to be gone, but still when you create a written text , when you give birth, you put the letters next to each other, this is not as spontaneous communication as oral communication, it can. Well, maybe, well, this is also a means of expressing emotions quite quickly, but at the same time im not sure that it is not as controlled, like an escaped bater word, just as strong. I dont think so, we need to study it, its interesting, by the way, that if we have already started talking about the written language, that we have graphic euphemisms, what is it like, because not only when sounding an absenic word, but when writing it and, accordingly, reading it, a person also experiences stress, because this is a violation of a taboo, and there are means to reduce this stress, this is graphic euphemization, we replace individual letters of a familiar word with other letters or other symbols, yes, that is, we did not directly write all three letters that we meant, for example, but replaced the vowel with something, this is a graphic fimization, that is, also a hint so that it would not be so scary to write and read, and this now there is a lot , well, alas, its time for us to end our conversation, lets proclaim the main thing, we wanted to communicate that swearing must be protected, it must be used less often, not because it is bad, but because it is valuable, take care of russian swearing, protect russian language, including russian swearing, because it is a valuable resource, and there is no need to talk it out. Thank you very much, marya, thank you very much to those who listened to us, may the power of science and the power of language be with you. You can find all episodes of our podcast on the website of the First Channel 1tv. Ru. Hello, the program is on air, Ekaterina Andreeva is in the studio, the main event of the day. Secret plan of the German Military, secret negotiations to attack the crimean bridge, what kind of game . Is berlin leading and what role is assigned to chancellor scholz . Right on target training launch of an Intercontinental Ballistic Missile yars complex from the plesets cosmodrome to the kura Training Ground. Questions of a cosmic scale, how to neutralize threats in orbit, a meeting of Vladimir Putin with permanent participants of the Russian Security council. Kalovrat and dawn vs. People who can be entrusted with the country, the start of the president ial Personnel Program for veterans of the northern military district, the time of heroes. Revelation of a ukrainian saboteur, his group was destroyed while trying to land on the tendra kasa of the kherson region. Sirius welcomes guests, the world Youth Festival starts in the south of russia, the geography of the participants is impressive. Sensation of the day leaked recording of secret negotiations between highranking German Military officers on how to plan a new attack on the crimean bridge. While chancellor scholz insists that he will not supply the kiev regime with longrange missiles, bundesfern officers are discussing how to use them. Our correspondent, kirill brainin, is trying to understand what kind of game berlin is playing. It seems that a little more and the allies will write down the german chancellor olaf scholz as an agent of the kremlin, all because of two remarkable ones in a row. There is an opinion that taurus will succeed, if they use the french fighter dasaura, they will only be able to make a hole and damage the bridge . I am not promoting ideas with a bridge, i pragmatically want to understand what they want and what we should teach them, so it turns out that when planning these operations we will need to indicate the main points in the pictures, the goals they will have. Here we should take into account, that when working on small goals, you need to plan more scrupulously, rather than sorting out pictures on the computer. In the case of confirmed targets, everything is simpler planning will take less time. We all know that they want to destroy the bridge, what this ultimately means, how they protect it, not only because it has important militarystrategic, but political significance. It is difficult to imagine that such a brainstorming can be carried out without the knowledge of the countrys top leadership, especially since officers are discussing the possibility of interaction with if we are talking about information about targets, which ideally includes satellite images that provide maximum accuracy of up to 3 m, then we must first process them in buchel. Do you think it is possible to hope that ukraine will be able to do everything on its own, because it is known that there are many people there. In civilian clothes, who speak with an american accent, so it is quite possible that soon they will be able to use it themselves, because they have all the satellite images, yes, they get them from. As they walk, they shoot at their socalled partners, the british americans, saying that they are already working almost openly in ukraine. In general, there is a lot of interesting things there, you be sure to listen, and even more interesting is how the germans will respond to this. In response to channel ones request to speak about this officers meeting, a representative of the German Ministry of defense wrote that they do not comment on media reports, but here is a small glimpse of what some germans are silent about, while others are the opposite. There are photos from the. , there are targets for the ukrainian army, only the taur missile is missing, its range, by the way, is up to 500 km, twice as long as the french scalp missiles or the british stormshadow. Everyone has a design three are similar, so the same german officers come to the conclusion that it wont take much time to remake the fastenings, and if kiev had such a missile, how long would they think about it before trying to strike, say, moscow, from the border in direct range enough. The only catch is that scholz, at least publicly, appears to be resisting, provoking the ire of his allies, from the pages of the british standard, he is denounced by former defense secretary wallis and the chairman of the house of commons committee, ms kearns. Scholzs latest misstep shows that when his excuses fall apart, he rushes to use not only dangerous facts, but often incorrect facts. Scholzs comments are irresponsible and a slap in the face to an ally. Deputies of the bundestag are also perplexed; quite recently they. Adopted a resolution on the supply of longrange Weapons Systems to ukraine. The word taurus is not in the document, but no one is trying to hide what it is about. In this situation, i would like to ask chancellor scholz what is the current problem with the supply of taurus missiles . Nobody knows, nobody. Example finland tried to show the hesitant scholz. The ministry of defense stated that they do not limit ukraine in the use of supplied weapons, however, the finns do not have longrange missiles. But if you consider that the chancellor once. To strike our territory they choose what they think are the most effective means of destruction, they started talking about the possibility of sending nato military contingents to ukraine, but we remember the fate of those who once sent their contingents to the territory of our country, but now the consequences for possible interventionists will be much more tragic. They must ultimately understand that we also have weapons, and they know about it, there are also weapons that can hit targets on their territory, and that they are coming up with everything now, which scares the whole world, that all this really threatens a conflict with the use of nuclear weapons, which means the destruction of civilization. Why dont they understand this, or what . If the answer is taken to be pentagon chief austins statement that if ukraine is defeated, nato will have to fight with russia, then things seem to be very bad. The cannibalistic western concept of war to the last ukrainian is reaching a new level of madness. Kirill brainin, ivan blagoy, maria martanova, evgenia stefanchuk and Alexander Kovalev channel one. Meanwhile, our Intercontinental Ballistic Missile of the yars complex successfully hit a training target at the kura Training Ground in kamchatsky. Deterrence, missile flight range up to 11 km, multiple warhead with individual guidance units can hit several missiles at once with High Accuracy goals. How to effectively counter military threats in space was discussed at a meeting with Vladimir Putin. May arise in the space sphere , should constantly be in the sphere of our attention , lets talk about this today, now about the combat work of our military. We are now not far from the line of combat contact and are waiting for the guys from the team of uav operators who were the first to destroy the vaunted, one might say, the muchhyped abrams tank, which, as it turns out, also burns beautifully. It happened almost immediately after the liberation of avdeevka. It was already known that the american frames were transferred to ukraine, but they had not yet been seen live at the front. Apparently they took care of it. It seems that the command of the Ukrainian Armed forces decided to use rare, very expensive equipment only when they had to use all their might to cover the panicked flight of their troops. He drove right into the middle of the village of berdychi. That is, he tried to do something about the withdrawal. I didnt have time to do anything. I went to war for 2 years, fought for 20 minutes and took 4 minutes to. Thats it, it just burned out, it was hit by the side, thats that means, a kamikaze drone , a drone common in beer, but what exactly was suspended over the tank when they were working, they suspended ammunition, an ordinary grenade shot, that is, this is enough, yes this is enough, two ammunitions were enough to hit, a year and a half ago to the operator dawn i had to learn this profession from scratch, i had absolutely no skills, i studied again, immediately ended up as a kamika, this is the result of. Accurate hits and the tank was rendered harmless. One crew member was wounded after the first hit, the other two escaped before the tank was finally finished off. Although the abrams had never been seen on the battlefield before, their appearance was expected. Our military had time to study the characteristics of the tank and knew exactly where to hit. Its rear aft part is the weakest, so it was possible to hit it. Almost all of their colleagues have already congratulated the fighters of the Reconnaissance Strike group of the fifteenth separate guards motorized Rifle Brigade on this. To this day he congratulates, who sees, do you yourself feel like heroes . No, we did what we do, our job, for this and for this purpose a division was created for us to do, to carry out these tasks assigned to us, well, weve worked it out, our meeting is extremely short, its time for the guys to get back to work, they dont have days off, if i understand correctly, well see you now distracted from combat missions for a while, for a while yes, that is , you are at work now, we are at work constantly, but we could not help but take advantage. Thank you to everyone who supports, without your support we would not have succeeded much, we also thank you for allowing us to shake your hand, thank you, we part in the hope that this is not the last overseas tank to come to our land. Dmitry tolmachev, igor kritskov, dmitry kucheryavets, khristina ivanova, alexander gornostaev, channel one. Lets move. And more about our defenders. Lieutenant dmitry mitrakov and his unit discovered a ukrainian sabotage group. Despite the numerical superiority of the enemy, he entered the battle. Destroyed the machine gun crew. Taken by surprise , the militants fled. Sergeant Dmitry Sokolov was driving a communications vehicle, the convoy was hit by shelling, the car was damaged. Dmitry risked his life to repair the equipment and reset up the connection, maintaining stable control. For our frontline soldiers, people who, as the president said, can be entrusted with the country, the time of heroes Personnel Program has started working. Its main goal is to provide participants and veterans of the north military district with the opportunity to work for the benefit of russia in government bodies. Official website of timeheroes. Rрf became available this evening, in less than the first 3 hours of its operation before the start of our broadcast, over 6. 00 applications. The project is being implemented by the Higher School of Public Administration of the Russian Academy of national economy. And Public Service on the basis of the senizh management workshop. More details about everything, dmitry kulko. Pace, pace, pace. Evgeniy shatalin began fighting in the lugansk militia in 2014. He rose to the rank. The colonel was known as an Initiative Officer who came up with new assault tactics using drones in every battle. Thanks to this , the brigade under his command liberated several settlements of the lpr. In management textbooks this is called the ability to make nonstandard decisions in extreme situations. And now shatalin, after being wounded, plans to use his skills in civilian life. People , again, are the same everywhere, just like i was looking for an approach to people, interaction, how to organize each other, to understand. So that everyone works on the same wavelength, i think it will be exactly the same in civilian life. All participants and veterans of the northern military district have the opportunity to undergo training today as part of the new Personnel Program time of heroes. Its task is to prepare highly qualified military leaders who could work in Government Agencies and stateowned companies. On the timeheroes website. Rрf you need to leave an application, write an essay, and then take a test. Conditions higher education, experience in managing people, and no criminal record. Those who are now on the front line can also try to transition from military commanders to civilian managers. For participants who are located directly in the svo zone, remote Communication Centers will be opened grades, they will be able to come there to apply for admission there. A questionnaire is filled out, an online test is taken, and if necessary, you will need to write an essay or undergo an interview. Alexander sharkov, who served from the first days in the northern military district in the gru special forces brigade, wanted to become a participant in the program. Having returned, i actively support wounded soldiers, i am already a deputy of the city of talyaty, the responsibility for the guys and also for their families fell on my shoulders, we help in all social spheres, this sporting event has already been created in our there are two sledge hockey teams in the samara region; lending a friends shoulder where necessary is a sacred rule for all warriors. Hero of russia Vladislav Golovin received a shell shock during the battles for mariupol, but continued to help carry out the wounded. When he died, the commander took command of the unit and completed the combat mission. Later he was wounded, lost his leg, senior lieutenant golovin was not afraid of responsibility when the stakes were as high as possible, the life of him and his comrades, every commander bears this responsibility, and giving any instructions to their subordinate personnel naturally imply that there is a risk of losing our soldiers, the responsibility in civilian management, i think, is somewhat different, and we are even more ready for it than. Graduates of civilian universities, such managers can be trusted with the most difficult directions of work, they will not retreat, will not let you down and will not give in, Vladimir Putin said the day before announcing the launch of a Personnel Program for fighters during his address to the federal assembly, true patriots, often modest in life, at turning points stories come to the fore, such people who think about the country, live its destiny, can be passed on in the future and entrusted to russia, you know that. Well, you know that the word elta has discredited itself in many ways, by those who do not have no merit to society, considering themselves some kind of caste, with special rights and privileges, especially those who, in previous years , filled their pockets due to all sorts of processes in the economy of the nineties, they are definitely not the elite. I repeat, the genuine, real elite these are everyone who serves russia, workers and warriors, reliable, proven, proven by deed, proven their devotion to russia, worthy people, all participants and veterans of the northern military district who left an application on the site will have access to Online Training on the platform. Undergo military service, they are connected more with legislative issues, with how the work of certain units is organized, with the interaction between, for example, the region and the federal government, the areas of responsibility of the ministry of departments, so there is something to tell and what teach, in order to be able to perform new noncombat tasks, you need to show persistence in training, says artyom zhogo, former. Commander of the sparta battalion, he has already changed his profile of activity, headed the people s council of the dpr, he once started as an ordinary shooter in the militia of the city of slavyansk, was it was hard, it was difficult at first, because after all, there were 10 years of war. Results of the week from our Defense Department more than two dozen highprecision strikes were carried out on enemy military forces, the situation in key areas of the northern military district was improved, in a separate line, the avdeevsky section, where the fighters of the troop center group liberated three villages and continue to shift the front line to the west, and also footage of the interrogation of a captured Ukrainian Special forces soldier was published , the only surviving participant in the foray onto the tenderovskaya spit in the kherson region explained why the commanders sent them to certain death. Irina kuksenkova will continue. After that i realized that if i continued moving, they would hit me two hundred times. I turned around and swam back, shouting, dont shoot, i surrender. This is the testimony of a survivor taken in captivity of a ukrainian saboteur by the Russian Military. The senior sailor of the 73rd naval center for special Operations Forces of the Ukrainian Navy , evgeniy gorin, has already been interrogated by our military investigators. An elite enemy sabotage group tried to land in the tendrovskaya spit area, but four. Their boats were hit, one escaped at high speed , more than twenty militants were eliminated, one was captured, this is a separate detachment that delivers on large boats, the team of three boats will line up, but this had to be done a kilometer before the object, it didnt happen a kilometer away, it happened 300 meters away, 200 meters away a machine gun fire should have started from the outermost boat, fire contact, a lighthouse, that if there is an observer there, none of the attempts to land on the tendra spit led to success, among the task of this group was to unload the ukrainian flag here, in the end the operation failed , thats how many weapons were captured from the enemy, and the boat completely came under fire, well, from all fire weapons, it turns out those two attackers, well, these two boats came under fire, almost immediately the machine gunner who was on the bow began to move back, ruslan, who was here. The guy from the 113th group tried to swim across the side to the boats, i did it after him, i started, well, swim after him, i see , he begins to drown, he tried to reach him, but he didnt have time, he went under the water. The Russian Army Successfully repels all attempts by ukrainian militants to attack. In many areas , our military is rapidly advancing, western experts already admit that recently the russian army has liberated more territories that the enemy tried to capture during this time. The socalled notorious counteroffensive. Just over the past week, our fighters knocked out a Ukrainian Armed forces unit from several key points. In the avdiivka direction , units of the military center group liberated the settlements of lastochkino, severnaya, petrovskaya, and the donetsk peoples republic and continued to advance in a westerly direction. In cooperation with aviation and artillery, they defeated the accumulation of manpower and equipment of the 23rd, 24th, 53rd, 1st, 110 mechanized, 59th motorized infantry and the third assault brigade of the armed forces of ukraine, highprecision weapons, drones and Missile Defense systems, the Russian Military carried out 23 strikes over the past week, hit the targets of the militaryindustrial complex of ukraine with jewelry, hit ammunition depots, fuel and equipment storage areas, and also during this period the enemy lost two combat aircraft, a mig29 and a su2 attack aircraft. Two radars and a launcher for the s300 complex, a norwegianmade nasamsk antiaircraft Missile System combat vehicle. Strikes are being made in all directions against the living enemy strength. Their losses in a week, according to our ministry of defense