Just during a hearttoheart conversation, here is the latin name doctor, well, it simply states that a person has received a diploma, our medical institutions, from your point of view, they are now training doctors or physicians, in this dichotomy that you said, here it is necessary , who, who will talk to people, these are tens of thousands of people, but they must be prepared, of course, but we must learn from our teachers. Get through covid, and i think that in the same way it will adequately allow us to educate, including young doctors, who will be able to treat patients, and not provide medical services, personalized medicine is a very fashionable term, but in my opinion it comes just right from the west, this is communication with the patient, looking into his eyes, or is it something else, well, apparently, what we have always had. In the west they suddenly saw the light and decided that medicine should be personalized. We have always known about this and have always talked about it, that this is exactly how it should be, that it is the communication between the patient and the doctor that gives a better result than a machine filling out all the cells and making a diagnosis. You are not against the instrumental methods of all these high technologies, which make it possible, in particular in pediatrics , to be more effective before. It cant cause any conditions to appear that need to be addressed it will all end in conspiracies, right . Definitely not, and i am precisely for a reasonable combination of Machine Intelligence and the intelligence of a doctor. To what extent is this feasible at all, do you believe that this can be put into practice in our lifetime, in general, well , the population, people have, well, complaints, not complaints, but probably some complaints, in particular about doctors, doctors they are all people too. Goals, there are certain standards for diseases and this is even called protection from the doctors genius, yes, because genius can also do harm, absolutely, thats why they came up with certain standards for everyone, proved that this is necessary , Research Institutes wrote these standards that everyone is obliged to comply with, which change, we started with this, they change once every 10 years, but nevertheless they change to based on experience, based on new ones. Discoveries , that is, they change not because one of the brilliant doctors thought that everything was being done wrong, we had it with us, the lines of his monologues became aphorisms, never exaggerate the stupidity of your enemies and loyalty of friends, well said , its just amazing to be friends with him, because he s smart, brilliant, he commented on everything, spent a day, came out educated, you can kiss, no, no, i once told him , mikhail mikhailovich, you know, that you are a genius, he simply told me, yes, clarke, i know, i was confused. This march marks the 90th anniversary of the birth of mikhail zhvanetsky. I remember how everyone froze at home, turned on the tape recorder, and recorded zhvanetsky. And at the age of 11 i could not understand what this man was saying, there were people in the hall they were happy, they were happy at home. This is not prose, this is poetry. Zhvanetskys dictionary is the dictionary of the country. Our exclusive today is the wife, son and friends of the satirik. About his work and my last conversation with him. Main. Exclusive with dmitry borisov, premiere , tomorrow on the first, they broke into the bank, three of them in masks, started beating, shooting, it was very scary, they robbed a private bank in donetsk, cleaned out your cells, viktor fedorich, find it. What do you need from me . We need you. Tymoshenko is the only man in the ukrainian politics. The americans are bringing weapons here, many from poland. Lets go with torches to the maidan. I will not give such a command. Transfer her across the maidan. Premiere. From march 11 on the first. There is information that they want to liquidate you. This is the baden baden podcast, and i am its host, konstantin severinov. Today we are talking about pediatrics, and we are discussing this very important topic with andrei alekseevich stepanov, chief specialist in pediatrics, administration of the president of the russian federation. I see several useful, it seems to me, lessons, that is, you need to get vaccinated, yes. But there is no need to do genetic tests yet, because you wont find anything. Now, if according to the doctors testimony, then apparently this is Still Necessary and can be useful, and i apologize , ill interrupt, certain screenings are taken at the maternity home, that is, blood is taken there on a special test piece of paper, sent to a special center, where it is performed including genetic analysis for the maximum amount and this is just a medical service, you no longer look anyone in the eye, you they just give you some kind of table. Nevertheless , here in general this is done for everyone, its like any screening, yes, you understand, that is, when the coverage is maximum, and if suddenly there is some deviation, then they call the patient, look him in the eyes, of course, or for a second analysis, or they are already starting to study in more depth, the vaccine, genetics and donated blood, most likely yes, if possible, and maybe it would even be worth expanding at some point, well, in the end, yes. And thus we ensured that our children will be as healthy as possible, here smart, is there some kind of golden key, we all want our children to be smart and talented . Well, firstly, here , too, genetics comes first, which is not worth doing, which cannot be done, unfortunately, or fortunately, we cannot intervene in this process on a global level, in particular, intellectual abilities, the original ones, they are for us given, but of course, it is in our power to improve something, develop something, which will have a positive impact on intellectual abilities, its like talent, yes, which. If we are talking about early development, there are also a lot of myths and legends there, that is, in front of a newborn there are almost theatrical scenes from king lear so that he is more intellectually developed, that we are preparing for university, yes, but fortunately the child has a certain structure in the brain, the socalled reticular formation, which simply filters out all transcendental potentials, what does this mean in russian . For example, that a newborn baby can wake up from the voice of his mother, quiet, gentle, which is addressed to her, at the same time, if a cannon fire occurs, he will not wake up, because this structure will cut off all transcendental impulses, and the child is simply programmed with a small number of stimuli that are close to him and important, because this, you know, is like another a legend on the topic of how a child cannot see when. Therefore, in essence, they do not need to have such farsightedness, then theater, a theatrical performance is meaningless for him, because it is somewhere far away, simply. Well, first of all, they dont focus, and secondly, they simply do not understand the meaning among this flickering. The best thing for the child is to focus on some contrasting images, studies were carried out on the face of the mother and all newborns, again, they distinguish. Well, in fact , schematic images of a human face , socalled emoticons, yes, that is, smiles, there is a dissatisfied expression on the face, this is what they understand, they react to this vegetatively, in fact, in a child everything is aimed precisely at survival, therefore the child can slightly move a little and the smallest a newborn on the mothers breast in order to reach, accordingly, a source of milk and. By and large, everything in the child develops as it should, it cannot be accelerated, well , unfortunately, it can be slowed down, if some kind of disease has occurred, this is possible, but precisely to force it and so that, like a hero in a fairy tale, he goes through all the stages in a year and becomes thirty years old, so Ilya Muromets is 33 years old, on the contrary, he was lying on the stove, by the way, well, yes, but there are those who did not have time to be born immediately the next year they went to get married , there are a lot of such. Fairy tales, too, so, everything coincides, the childs motor capabilities, for example, when he begins to crawl, it is at this moment that he begins to be afraid and distinguish between strangers, because before he began to crawl, there was no point in being afraid, because its still impossible to run away, so everything physiologically justified, well, if everything is fine in this best of worlds, then there is no need to do anything, that is, it is real. A separate, so to speak, even direction, Music Therapy for children, for children, for newborn children, for premature babies, they even do it while pregnant. The child just perceives sounds, since the sound analyzer itself is more ancient than the visual one, i think all Young Mothers will agree with me that if the child, for example, turns on some kind of monotonous noise, low frequency, there is a hood, a vacuum cleaner, turn on the water, maybe the fathers voice. By the way, studies have also been carried out that a mans voice on a newborn child produces a more soothing effect, that is, low tones, but nevertheless, if we are talking there about the noise of a waterfall, the socalled white noise, yes, all mothers know about this concept , and this is how the child hears sounds through the abdominal wall, through the wall of the uterus, when he is in utero, such a monotonous hum, this also calms him down, that is, in fact. You need to listen, modern, personally, i wouldnt play it for my children when they were little, and i have a granddaughter, so i tried not to play modern repertoire for her, the problem is that when they grow up and become teenagers, they still start listening to it, well if this is a problem, they make their choice later, well, i think that already at least the more developed brain is more, at least, well, it continues to develop, it continues. Programs about certain subsections, i think that you and i can to illuminate, in this , it seems to me that this is precisely the mission, yes, because after all, information from the car, if you need doctors you can trust, then you need to see these doctors and talk to them and hear them, yes, otherwise you will listen to something else, because a holy place is never empty, yes, absolutely, because it would be wonderful, thank you very much, thank you, this is the podcast baden baden, today we talked about pediatrics with andrei alekseevich stepanov, the chief specialist in pediatrics, management departments of the president of the russian federation. Hello, this is the easy money podcast, im its host, mikhail khanov. Today we are visiting. Wonderful guest, anton suvorov, economist, rector of the russian economic school. Hello, antonevich, hello, mikhail. We recently discussed the topic of behavioral inflation, when a group of people or a whole class of people influences the prices of certain goods or groups of goods. But, probably, its right to talk with you, as a professional, as a professor, about fundamental values and, uh, about rational Human Behavior, what does rational behavior mean from the point of view of economists . Well, first of all, this is the assumption that a person knows what is best for him and what is worse, the second assumption is that a person. Makes a reasonable choice and always chooses the best alternatives available. The position of classical economists or adherents of behavioral economics . This is a methodological assumption in classical economics classical economics is a very mathematical discipline, it is structured as a set of mathematical models, which , based on the assumption that rational Economic Agents act, are not necessarily people, they can also be firms that strive to get the maximum profit. Economics studies their interaction, theoretical models make predictions, and empirical works evaluate, how successful these models are, how much they correspond to reality, and then unsuccessful models are rejected, and successful ones are developed. Behavioral economics arose in the early seventies, first of all it is associated with the names of daniel kanamann and amaschetwerski, the seventies of the last century, the seventies of the goths of the last century, as well as the mention almost of adam smith, some of his works related to psychology. Who said there, plus or minus i know that i dont know anything, and others dont even know that, in general, i thought as a behavioral economist, as an advanced user of behavioral economics, as an advanced user , this thesis that you put forward, on the one hand, that Human Behavior is rational, yes, because when they say that the market is rational, and the market is always will bring into line, well, lets put it simply for our audience, lets say, the balance of supply and demand, but when in the duma. Start to decompose yes this is a general statement that why is the market rational . We come to the thesis that individuals are rational, a group of people, institutions, companies, and so on. The question that i want to immediately ask is, is this so . Is the person rational in making decisions, especially financial ones . Well, it seems that the assumption of rationality is not such a bad starting point, there is even a proverb fish look for deeper places, and man. Century, a certain stream of works has appeared that have stated systematic deviations from rationality, systematic in the sense that they are predictable, well, let me ill start with some to give a specific example, to be clear, most people are overly selfconfident, like, for example, i think many of us drive a car. There was a classic survey that asked people how well you drive, conducted in america in sweden, it turned out that on average 80 of drivers answered that they drive better than most other drivers, it is clear that such a situation is impossible, the majority people who have a high level of intelligence, have high intelligence, they they doubt what they say, the correctness of their assessments, and most importantly, they believe that people around them are at. The same level, therefore they are extremely cautious in their judgments, they tend to underestimate their expertise, and people with a low level of development with a small amount of educational knowledge, on the contrary, they are very confident in themselves, they do everything, you know , never argue with an idiot, and you will quickly drop to his level, yes, then he will beat you up through experience, thats the same right here, they probably asked the average masses, they said yes of course, we drive very well, very well, mikhail, how smart my interlocutor is, ill bet theres another study in which. They asked professors, who on average are not stupid people, how well do you give lectures, well, what do you think, what percentage said that they also give lectures better than most colleagues, well, 50 percent, no more than 96, oh well, yes, that is, this is a fairly stable phenomenon that is observed in different contexts, in different countries, really what we typical, in fact even understandable mechanisms, firstly, its nice to think about yourself well, but its just nice, its right, its not even nice, its right, this is a more subtle interrogative. They asked about the forecast for the next period, they are stable all the time, well, not all, not all , but very many, there were managers who underestimated their results, gave too modest forecasts, but there were significantly more of those that you know, i, as a specialist , i will say to speculations that the insight of analysts, that is, those analysts who are inside companies, global companies, which are included in the largest indices , including russian companies, when there is a quarterly conference call, a call with investors, at which analysts give. Forecasts for the next quarter, for the six months, for the year, now and there after the First Quarter companies are counted , almost everything is underestimated, because in the Stock Exchange world it is very unprofitable to show indicators higher, lets say, than what will actually happen, but you cant do it too low either, because otherwise the quality will immediately stop you as an analyst questionable, but here you need to very clearly meet the expectations of the market as a whole, because otherwise you influence the value of the stock, then. It has nothing to do with it , which is clear that neither roulette nor the ball have anything to do with africa. Of all the civilizations living on the planet today, the oldest is chinese; china has almost always been the most populated country, and the first. World economy. We can recall the famous travel book of marco paul. The italian merchant described with great amazement the power and level of Economic Development that he observed in chinese cities at the end of the 13th century. Contemporary monochronic painting, chinese poetry, refined literature. China, of course, was ahead in sophistication, well , almost all countries. After the end of world war ii, the soviet union immediately took patronage over china. More than 10. 00 specialists from the soviet. Are being helped by the rector of the russian economic school, anton svorov, to understand this rather complex tool and model. Understanding further here in behavioral economics, as behavioral economics, what it studies and who benefits from studying it more deeply sellers, buyers, people themselves, learning about themselves, yes, marketers, here who are the main, lets say, customers, beneficiaries, that is, consumers of that. They can say that we knew all this for a long time, then people arose who called themselves behavioral economists, formulated some results, and we actually acted this way all our lives, and this will be partly true, of course, i have also met such judgments from social psychologists who also said, that we know all this, now some guys have arisen who have begun to talk about this in a slightly different language, great, the more people will know these important things about people, but on the other hand, what is the peculiarity of behavioral ecology systematized this knowledge, and it seems to me that this step should not be underestimated, one story is when this knowledge is somehow scattered and fragmented and tied to some very specific situations, and another story if we see that this is actually some kind of then the general patterns that are characteristic there for this is back to everyone, this is a kind of science about the market, from where everyone is already a marketer, seller or even buyer, of course, you can take something new for yourself, lets narrow the question even more, lets talk about. What influences from a behavioral point of view economics, simply the behavioral perception of a particular situation that affects a persons financial decision, but not without reason, now such a term for more is very popular, this is the fear of missing something, yes, especially related to the development of gadgets, when a person constantly, constantly monitors gadgets, afraid of missing some messages that seem important to him, yes, on the other hand, how really. A persons Financial Decisions, rational, rational, i would like to talk a little about this topic, as behavioral economics on Financial Decisions, well, Financial Decisions are, in general, such a special case of decisions that we make every second, behavioral economics looks at these decisions as some combination of rational irrational factors, it is clear that we make some decisions very soberly, having thought it through well, in some situations we act impulsively, when we act impulsively, of course, this is probably the effect of expectations, that is, we assume certain, well, lets say, investments or Financial Decisions or financial investments, we are focused on results, and we initially expect profit , but we are all interested in interest, profitability, something else, something else, no one is interested in losses, although this is also a mandatory part of investment, but in to a greater extent, because everyone is expecting profit, then profit is perceived, well, yes, good, yes, here it is. Even less so, that such constipation of meat is not reported to the tiger there, and if it happens, god forgive me, a minus, yes, and even a big one, then it is extremely painful, because it is completely different from our expectations, perhaps this is the reason, an important consequence of this property is that investors sometimes hold shares for too long, which are obviously falling in price and would need to get rid of them, and recording a loss is very unpleasant, so people continue to hold them and. And lose money on this, there are a lot of studies that show that in fact, for investors, especially individual investors, especially not very experienced investors, this behavior is enough typically, you know, one of my favorite books about the market, about financiers, well , in particular about stockbrokers, i never tire of talking about this on many of our podcasts, this is edwin lefebvre, the memoirs of a stock speculator, about the greatest speculator jesse levvermory, beginning of the 20th century. A man who, at 20 in the late twenties, was accused of being the cause of the economic crisis in the united states, when he was just playing short, his bearish game collapsed, well, the man certainly laughed , of course, but nevertheless he was so big, a successful speculator that he even received accusations of this, so there is such an absolutely wonderful point that the behavior of a financier, in principle, speculating in the markets and making these decisions to buy, sell, and so on, is irrational in relation to behavior of just a person, because if an ordinary person, well, for example, lets say , the discovery of america, if an ordinary person, well, any, any example, if a person there experiences difficulties, heaviness, you have to be patient, be patient and it will be better