Protests and said that he would only step down after a rerun of the parliamentary election where the state the president approved of support but his Prime Minister cypresses speaker of parliament has resigned in the wake of the cash for passport scheme the controversy was brought to light by an aljazeera investigation of senior politicians who are willing to sell cypriot passports to convicted criminals the government is now bullish the program the rebels in yemen have released to us citizens in exchange for 250 of the fighters the free 2 thieves of arrived in yemens capital sanaa off to going through oman more prisoner swaps are expected on thursday the whole data has more on the how the exchange is being carried out. A senior official is saying that the operation is under way and theyre expecting the 1800. 00 prisoners to be released today so what is going to be happening from a logistical perspective is that were going to see plays taken. Prisoners all the way from the word and then say your government fighters were going to be flown from the airport all the way to words say or say all of this is going to be monitored by the i. C. R. C. By the United Nations and also representatives from the government and from the. Theres been more violence between taliban fighters and Government Troops in afghanistan parts of a military base in wardak province were destroyed in a car bomb attack thats as peace negotiations between the 2 sides continue in qatar but as the headlines more news here on out 0 after the stream next. Guinea is getting ready to vote. On day to 5 months of violent protests to change the constitution now hes defying his critics to seek a. Candidate position come together to stop and give me election 2020 on aljazeera. Hey welcome to the stream im josh rushing sitting in for femi ok and look if youre watching on you tube i need your help to see that box over there could be more important in this episode than ever before i need questions from you know we have a live stream producer in that box that you to chat there if you get him her questions to get him to me during the show so i can ask todays guest and what a guest it is we have a pretty special show today were joined by a single guest i was hes the worlds leading a vangelis for fungi you could call him maybe the Martin Luther of mushers he once hes come from a revolutionary new view in the way that we can see them as partners on this small planet and young talking about mushrooms you may eat your dinner tonight or take micro doses to help you with creativity or mood or or maybe in large doses to help you see your life or the universe in a different light but im also talking about my psyllium im talking about an entire classification of living beings on this planet that are neither plant nor animal paul statements hes the guest today he is heels multiple patents for inventive uses of mushrooms his ted talks have been seen millions of times and most recently hes featured in this really beautiful documentary fantastic fungi this streaming everywhere check out a clip. My mission is to discover the language of nature and i believe nature is intelligent. There is a world under the earth full of magic and mystery. The old consciousness of meters connection to. Go these mushrooms you can heal you can feed you they can kill you its not like a vegetable and its not like an animal but its somewhere in between they support life they convert life as youre walking theres about 300 miles of fungi under every footstep that you take in and thats all over the world. Of the organism is growing underground and its composed of these small thread called my silly almost everyone knows about the Computer Internet the mycelium shares the same network design. Its amazing what we dont know about versions they really are from tear. You can filter water you can create medicinal compounds almost on demand they have incredible capacity to make things change very quickly so i am super hopeful. The psychedelic members of the mushroom kingdom are fascinating. I have been a guide for around 350 suicide in session and the most glorious part was that it made me feel more comfortable with living because you know free of that we need to have a paradigm shift in our consciousness what will it take to achieve that. We can heal the planet. We can build a future. In our world is fantastic. Wow paul documentary i watched it yesterday its beautiful i how do they get some of those shots i know youre friends with the filmmaker but they just have these incredible time lapse jobs a mushroom is coming up in the force how long did it take to make that film well its a testimonial to lewis works for a good producers stamina this movie took over 12 years to produce and many many of the time lapse for those people d on time lapses all sorts of problems that can occur you know and and so very few of them actually are make the final cut and so d and many instances he actually had to dig up a section of the forest you know like a square meter and very carefully bring it back to the studio and then keeping the humidity high enough and you know really dont know whats going to happen so you look for these little baby. The little white dots coming from the mycelium and that support 1st formation of mushrooms and so its basically an educated guess and a lot to look. At look man welcome to al jazeera welcome to the stream and we need to set this up for an International Audience who maybe arent as familiar with your work but when were talking mushrooms were actually talking mind blowing leap bigger concept than people might think of if theyre just thinking what they see at the market can you cope give us a bit of the origins of fungi on this planet. Well as a really good question in recent fossil records about 2400000000 years ago is that example the 1st multicellular organism and that is of mycelium so the mycelium is you know gave birth to animals this is a kind of a big concept for people to understand is that we are descendants of fungi we exhale Carbon Dioxide fungi exhale Carbon Dioxide we inhale oxygen from to inhale oxygen and fungi digest this nutrients externally. And then when we split from fungi or from to give us birth we went the route of the capsule the nutrients a cellular sock basically a stomach and so that was a big divergence but this is why we have very good antibiotics from fungi against bacteria but we have very few good and fungi because were so closely related and even under the microscope the cells our cells and that of fungi look very very similar in their organization so the meisel networks create ecosystems fungi munch rocks they eat rocks and they liberate minerals for plants and so when fungi join with algae we form as a lichens were formed as a basically a duality. Of 2 kingdoms coming together its a little more complicated now because theres other organisms involved but basically thats the case in fungi marched on to land on munching rocks breaking it down liberating it for plants and says so this bliz im this this symbiosis between fungi and plants occurred and that allowed for there vegetation of land and then of course the vegetation would help feed animals etc and one thing that people dont really understand very well that in fact scientists have just come to understand is that fungi are the foundation of the food web there is more than 8 miles in a single cubic inch of soil as the movie showed more than 300 miles under every footstep. But because fungi produce antibiotics we know from penicillin is very good at it again staph bacteria as an antibiotic but they also produce probiotics and so they set the guilds the communities of michael organisms so theres a lot this work is fine cobwebby mycelium in the ground. Selects organisms that cooperate communities and its incredibly complicated and intricate all the matching relationships and i believe evolution is not based on the survival of the fittest but the extension of generosity of surplus and this is what the fungi do so well they bring in other members in the Ecological Community and the surplus of their needs is then food nutrients to the other members of the community so bio diversity is biosecurity micro diversity terms that term is bio diversity so you can say that my diversity is biosecurity how much my psyllium is there on the planet. Gigatons gigatons theres more carbon friends if you look at a tree is more carbon in the mycelium in the associate with the roots of the tree then there is in the tree itself. Well think of that. And this is a big reason why a solution to Climate Change is building soils how do we build d soils we grow fungi and fungi when they grow about 85 percent of the mycelium is carbon and so the biggest reservoir of biological carbon in the soil is mycelium dead and alive with the mycelium diocese there for years centuries so its a carbon sink so the loss of soils the thinning of soils the loss of biodiversity is causing famines is causing Climate Change you roshan the loss of bio bio security because biodiversity is plummeted so fungi are a solution for rebuilding the soil ecosystems that lead to sustainability of our food supply ok that brings up one of our 1st questions from our community its ph d. Partition. Im probably mispronounce that is a better attempt that it. Looks like that actually paul here. One striking statistic is that of the 3000000 species of fungi asked to meet and to be in existence on earth only about 10 percent have been described by taxonomist so you can see that theres this conundrum like knowledge and friends are critical to life on earth but at the same time understanding and so while i do believe the fungi can play an Important Role in saving life on planet earth i do or fear that we are running out of time to convince people of how truly important from jay are and get their Research Funded so my question for paul has a couple components one is what do you think is preventing fungi from being recognised to their fullest potential and to see that changing and if they can be recognised to their fullest potential how do you see that translating into consequential action. They should know that this true is only about 10 percent of fungi have been identified so far we have between 8 to 10000000 species of organisms on this planet macro and micro estimated and we have done if i had only 140000 species of mushrooms and about 2 millions of pieces of fungi so theres so much that they have not been this discovered so to answer this question. The reason why fungi have not been better studied or more studied is a not a sexy. Lions and tigers and birds and you know the mushrooms are in and out of your view scape for a very very short period of time you have a familiarity factor with animals and plants that you encounter daily weekly monthly but mushrooms come up and they disappear in a matter of 5 days some can heal you some can feed you some can kill you sometimes on us before journey but then your memory fades you know what was that i think i found last year and where is it today was literally in the ground underneath your feet existing in the mice and my myself in a form so this is why i think weve been slow to recognize also theres a form of biological i call biological racism against mushrooms you mentioned mushroom people say shrooms or they make a bad joke about being kept in the dark and and it just shows that the academic ignorance and then in the field of mycology has not been taken very seriously until recently now i believe theres a paradigm shift there is that literally a revolution of interests all across the planet and the cool thing about mushrooms it unifies people across political divides across international divides i have brought a few of my friends here these are. What is a. These are garden giant mushrooms. This is one of the best mushrooms or grow in the gardens you can see the mycelium hang and those are the roots of the mushroom yeah but these mushroom mushrooms come up and they mature literally from this stage here to this bigger stage one and one day now thats queer how these are like cellular explosions and knots so you know in real time and so thats one reason why we have focused on these mushrooms and fungi as well i personally believe the field of mycology should be funded as well as the computer industry i kid you not it is that essential 1st for our species to survive and not only us but many other species were losing more than 30000. 00 species per year in a general home of about 9000000000. 00 species lets say well do the math 100 years at a 3rd of the biodiversity that got us here today were losing and as gentle the rules of all this i know i will not stop youre going to change good all please. Well jane goodall said and im as shes a super scientists primatologist as many of you know and she came out very forcefully saying that factory farming and the loss of biodiversity could spell the end of the human species i kid you not i agree with her we have talking about next until threats lets bring up Climate Change because we have a comment from someone in the youtube audience and by the way if youre watching this live on you tube get those questions in ok i want to come to paulus as soon as possible but jack sparrow asked can my psyllium or fungi have a role in addressing Global Warming and we also have a video comment from audrey on a elle romero a live are all of our us and shes assistant professor at the New Mexico State University was by that im a scientist and i research responses to global Climate Change and how that response impacts our ecosystems and the emission of Greenhouse Gases such as Carbon Dioxide i believe one giant will help us save the world by understanding how fungi responded to the book i mean change we will be able to better plan in adapt for future climate brought by global Climate Change and who will be able to develop better medication strategies i live in that to say and im fascinated by desert im just i which in most cases are invisible and i wanted to ask what is a good way to engage People Living in the desert to care for fungi when and theres no mushroom surround so shes in a complete different ecosystem there where you spend your days in the old growth forest and its fascinating these things are kind of all over the planet what do you think about that that with with Climate ChangeGlobal Warming. Well i think its you know its a continuum you know based on the amount of debris in the soil and amount of rainfall of course but about 6 years ago there was massive rains in arizona and new mexico very arid environments and i had literally dozens of people sending me photographs and what not mushrooms erupted out of the desert. You know that its not it doesnt occur every year it takes a maybe a decade or 2 decades and the mycelium stores of these nutrients and order it for the right timing and then the mushrooms and produce spore so its reproducing so theres literally fungi everywhere the amount of density of organic material but she brings up something is really important to me and other people in the perma Culture Movement have known this in trying to create oasis environments basically trying to put lenses of of debris compost the mycelium then it is breaking it down that mushrooms come up mushrooms generate water when they break down wood for instance or straw 10 to 20 percent of the mouse of wood or straw is converted into water so they hydrate the environment in advance of their growth they sweat out these water droplets full of enzymes that break down the surrounding wood or straw or even talks equasym and in doing so the my sil mats grow out and so these are expanding lenses of soil that then creates micro Climate Change you get enough of the spread around ecosystem you then have macro Climate Change what amazing discovery is is that the spores of mushrooms are nuclei for rain droplets so when you have mushrooms growing producing spores then these nuclei of spores are going up collecting more sure and then a precipitates into rain so this is a amazing process because once this process starts you know its a domino effect leading to ecological restoration and the expansion of soil so. What people can do like with a garden giant mushroom it will take 12 inches of wood chips and create one is just soil in about 4 or 5 months thats remarkable and creates water in the process so then the the water lenses that are being created it hydraulically imprints up the water table from deep down below because the mycelium also goes channels down deeply and then they become conduits raising the water tables and so you lead to ecological restoration very very quickly so you can take baird sand put in 12 inches of wood chips or kept on i or any other plant material straw and the mycelium what will be resident in there anyhow if you put the garden giant and youve got edible mushroom thats really good for plants etc and so i like to be deterministic now and understand it was species or keystone species that lead to healthier farms healthier gardens healthier ecosystems because if you just do randomly all fungi youre not going to get there as quickly as we know now but using these funds either really specifically beneficial the garden giant one of the best ones you know of my you tube channel i have a little video i just put up just recently on that but thats one of the premier species that people can go d you know in our very hot environments in very cool environments so it is broadly temperate. Adaptable. Paul you seem to be at the leading edge of a growing wave of interest in fungi and mushrooms we have a comment from jill look point whos a Climate Justice an indigenous rights activists you know lets just point. There is essential truth that we are all interconnected and interdependent on each other has really been forgotten by many but its still held by so many Indigenous People across the world and today the ecosystems we depend on are threatened by results extraction and by Climate Change and Indigenous People are on the front lines protecting them so my question is how can we ensure that and then just knowledge is being centered and brought forward in my call a g 8 and how can we follow the lead of Indigenous People protected in syria the nature. Thats a great question and this is where as a scientist im being creasy convinced the concept of Indigenous Peoples 7 generations thinking downstream the influence that you have on your descendants is been scientifically so well established and yet were all indigenous to the planet earth but unfortunately Indigenous Peoples because of war religion and disease have been subjugated and so much of the oral traditions were lost the fact that we have these threads of knowledge today is remarkable considering how much as cyclopedia acknowledge you know Indigenous Peoples have been lost but i have a really good example of what i think unifies. Us as people this is a rare old growth mushroom called eric on a carrot congress is going to go back. A carrot con is the one of the oldest growing mushrooms in the world it grows only in the old growth forests of north america British ColumbiaWashington State oregon state Northern California and some sky islands in europe both dice cried yes and 6582000 years ago greeks discovered this mushroom was highly powerful as an antiinflammatory in fact it was given the name gaelic syria had long im vitam the elixir of long life well it just turns out that coastal 1st nations in British Columbia also reviewed this marsham and found to be extremely powerful so there is an example that across the other 2 reasons of the world Indigenous People in greece Indigenous People in the north west both found that this rare old growth mushroom is extremely important in our pharmacopoeia as in their metal and show us. Paul ive got interrupt because we only have 3 minutes left in this show we have tons of questions coming in on you tube were not going to be able to get to them so heres what i need people to do if youre watching on the you tube at 1230. 00 eastern time figure out what time that is wherever you are in the world join us on instagram were going to an Instagram Live at 1230. 00 eastern that is a. J. Stream at a. J. Stream but before we leave the show paul i know you wanted to touch on microdrives dot me can you tell us what that is. Right marco does not me is a Largest Survey ever of people using it still so ive been in other psychedelics at below d threshold of feeling its called substance story on below the threshold of the disability and my kiddos and now we have an app at my kudos dot me for the apple devices is free and now we have over 12000 subscribers we are just now opening up the databases and the results are phenomenal and taking solace in ive been in particular mike a dose level it increases mood it decreases depression it decreases anxiety and statistically the numbers that were seeing are absolutely phenomenal dare i say it could be the most powerful system will evidence of any psycho therapeutic drug ever seen and so in the nor over we have found that the analogs in size also have emotions that are analog signals ive been promote your genesis rebuild neurons and so this is very exciting because these are nonaddictive you use the macro doses a spiritual doses that the movie talks about as one or 2 times a year maybe one time in your life but the micro dose is basically taking these at such small amounts they can help your nerve genesis in your career creativity we believe and now were measuring cord nation eyesight hearing but the information we have now which will be published soon in Peer Reviewed scientific journals show an ambiguous lee the effect of mike widows thing is extraordinarily powerful fighting depression fighting anxiety increasing mood and all the critics got to stop you guys ive got 30 seconds left this is the strongest appeal ive ever made you must join us on Instagram Live at age 8 stream because its going to get bill of solace off were going to talk but he just mentioned mike. Dosing big trips and what it can do for changing the way you see yourself the universe were going to talk about life death meaning and purpose its all going to be either join us on Instagram Live in a stream 1230 eastern time today if youre seeing this on aljazeera english you can find us its already posted on a. J. Strips as graham incredible show thank you for joining me and i will see you really served on instagram. If you want to help save the world. Sneeze into your own. The keenest never convicted and yet in costume right it. Is. Confined in a zombie and prison weakness follows the journey of a man. Who after losing his freedom and his marriage is left to mend it with concern. Over the future of his daughter. The reminder. To 0. The oppression of an ethnic minority and man my back many decades they intend to make sure that remain jews were no longer entitled to either basic rights or citizenship rights. Aljazeera explores the history and motives behind the systematic persecution of the him and me and mom. Exiled on aljazeera. On the deserted streets of bogota theyve become familiar figures couriers on bicycles delivering food or medicine to lock down colombians most of them here are venezuelan migrants they might go missing mother of 4 says contagion is always on her mind none of them receive Health Insurance for their work in exposing themselves and very few seem to have it yet there may be a bright side people who look down on them as a skilled migrants now say theyre essential to control the virus and receive messages on the scene that we are you know as i was a nurse back home what i am doing is not all that different from my passion helping others. The speaker of parliament in cyprus resigns after aljazeera investigation uncovers a cache for passport scam. And forget this is al jazeera live from doha also coming. To us nationals released in yemen and then exchange with hundreds of hooty fighters. Thailands government arrests process leaders and impose a state of emergency after a night of demonstrations